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YICHANG, Hubei, Nov. 7 (Xinhua) -- The Three Gorges Project has completed trial water storage operations for the year, with the water level in the reservoir exceeding 172 meters.     As of Tuesday, the water level had risen 27.3 m since Sept. 28,when this year's storage plan began, said the developer of the massive water conservancy project, the China Three Gorges Project Corp. (CTGPC) on Friday.     The water-raising measures ended on Tuesday when the water behind the dam reached 172.3 m and the reservoir held more than 19.3 billion cubic meters of water. The reservoir then began to discharge water.     Generally speaking, the trial operation, which is a test of quality, went well. The structure, generators and shipping locks were all in normal condition and the water quality was not affected, said a CTGPC statement.     The water level is expected to reach 175 m in 2009 when the Three Gorges project is completed.     At 156 m, the target level for the second phase, the reservoir could be fully functional in terms of flood control, power generation and navigation control.     Launched in 1993, construction of the gigantic concrete structure of the dam was completed and began to store water in May2006.     Previously, the reservoir's temporary cofferdams held water at a depth of 135 to 139 m.     The Three Gorges Project, with a budget equivalent to 22.5 billion U.S. dollars, is a multi-functional water control system built at the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River.     Its main works are a dam, a five-tier ship lock and 26 hydropower turbo-generators.     The dam will have 14 turbo-generators on the left bank and 12 on the right. Combined, they will produce 84.7 billion kw of electricity annually.     There are plans to add six more turbines by 2012.     As of June, 1.24 million residents had been relocated to make way for the dam construction.

SAN JOSE, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao on Monday spoke highly of the rapid development of China-Costa Rica relations and pledged efforts to further expand bilateral cooperation in various fields.     During talks with Costa Rican President Oscar Arias Sanchez on the second day of his state visit to the Central American nation, Hu said mutually beneficial cooperation in various fields has been growing steadily.     Noting the fast growth in bilateral ties over the past year, the Chinese president said the two countries have also carried out fruitful cooperation in international and regional affairs. Chinese President Hu Jintao(L) meets with Costa Rican President Oscar Arias(R) in San Jose, Costa Rica, Nov. 17, 2008    "Facts have proven that the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and Costa Rica conforms to the fundamental and long-term interests of both countries and peoples," Hu said. The two countries set up diplomatic ties in June 2007.     "The enhancement of Sino-Latin American mutually beneficial cooperation is conducive for our common development," Hu said, noting that the Chinese government has issued a Policy Paper on Latin America and the Caribbean recently.     The two countries should make efforts to push for long-term, sound and stable development of bilateral ties and cooperation, Hu said.     "China is ready to work with Costa Rica to open up a bright future for bilateral ties characterized by mutual respect, equality, mutual benefit, sincere cooperation and friendship for generations to come," he added.     On economic cooperation, Hu said the two countries should strengthen their cooperation mechanisms and expand areas of cooperation.     Hu hoped the two sides would reach agreement on a free trade pact at an early date, in the spirit of friendly consultations and mutual understanding and accommodation.     The Chinese government will continue to encourage competent Chinese enterprises to invest in Costa Rica, he said.     It will also support pragmatic cooperation between enterprises of the two countries in such key areas as infrastructure, agriculture, telecommunications and energy, he added.     Arias agreed with Hu's views and stressed the importance of strengthening trade and economic ties with China.     Costa Rica hopes to strengthen cooperation with China in port construction, development of high-tech parks as well as Chinese language teaching, he said.     Arias said he hoped the two countries would establish a dialogue mechanism at a higher level so as to further promote the development of bilateral ties.     The two leaders also exchanged views on the global financial crisis and agreed to strengthen coordination and cooperation in international affairs.     After their meeting, the two leaders witnessed the signing of 11 cooperation agreements on trade, economy, finance, energy, education and technology, and announced the launch of bilateral negotiations on a free trade pact.     China is Costa Rica's second biggest trading partner. In 2007, bilateral trade amounted to 2.8 billion U.S. dollars, a 33-percentincrease over the previous year.     Also on Monday, Hu met with Francisco Pacheco, president of the Costa Rican Legislative Assembly.     The Costa Rican legislators come from different political parties, but they have the consensus on maintaining and developing the friendship between the two countries, Hu said.     The Chinese president hoped the two countries' legislative bodies would strengthen contacts and make efforts to promote mutual understanding.     He also expressed the hope that Costa Rican legislators would play a greater role as a bridge linking up the two countries' business groups, cultural bodies, scientific institutes, news media and local governments in efforts to consolidate and expand the social foundation for the friendship between the two nations, Hu said.     Pacheco said the establishment of diplomatic ties has helped promote mutual understanding and friendship between the two peoples and also created a favorable environment for strengthening bilateral economic and trade cooperation.     After the establishment of diplomatic ties with China, Costa Rica now has an "important friend and partner" in the world, he said.     Speaking at the meeting, many Costa Rican legislators from different political parties agreed that the establishment of diplomatic ties is of strategic significance. They also thanked China for providing support and help for Costa Rica in its economic and social development.     The Chinese president, who is on a five-nation tour, flew in on Sunday from Washington, where he attended a Group of 20 summit on the current international financial crisis.     This is the fist state visit by a Chinese head of state to Costa Rica and Central America.     He will also visit Cuba, Peru and Greece, and attend the Economic Leaders' Informal Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum in the Peruvian capital of Lima.

BEIJING, Nov. 4 -- China has set a timetable for its large aircraft plan, and the first homemade jumbo jet will take to the skies by no later than the start of the 13th Five-Year Plan Period (2015-20), a senior official said yesterday.     This is the first time a timetable for the trunk liner project has been made public, since the Commercial Aircraft Corp of China Ltd was set up in May. The company is in charge of the large plane's assembly, marketing and after-sales service with an initial investment of 19 billion yuan (2.8 billion U.S. dollars).     Miao Wei, vice-minister of industry and information technology, said at the China International Aviation & Aerospace Forum 2008 yesterday that China-made jumbo jets will be on the market between 2015 and 2020.     "We will finish the concept design and research on key technologies before 2010, and have the first plane roll off the production line before 2014," he said.     Even though the domestic passenger transport volume has been dropping recently amid the global economic slowdown, Miao said he had confidence in China's vast demand for new planes.     "In the next 10 years, China will need at least 1,000 new planes," he said.     The corporation is currently studying a feasibility plan for the large plane, Jin Zhuanglong, its general manager said yesterday.     Some sub-projects have begun, and the large airplane's technology scheme and suppliers will be decided soon, he said.     The corporation, which is also responsible for marketing the homemade regional jet ARJ21, will sign its first overseas order, worth about 0 million, with General Electric Co, at the seventh China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition, which opens today.     GE's leasing unit will sign a contract for 25 ARJ21-700s, which raises the company's backlog to 208, Chen Jin, general manager for marketing and sales, said.     Miao said the ARJ21-700 will enter service next year, while work on a 100-seat version, a business-jet model and a freighter will start next year.     China has also received 136 orders for the MA 60, a propeller-driven commuter plane, Miao said.     Xi'an Aircraft Industry Group Co, the maker of the plane, has already delivered 34, he said.     "The next few years will be an important period for China's aviation industry," he said.     The ministry will draft a mid-and-long-term plan for the aviation industry soon in order to coordinate the development of large planes, regional jets and helicopters, he said.     Lunar ambitions     Models of a soft-lander and a rover for the second phase of China's lunar exploration program will be displayed at the air show for the first time.     Designed and made by China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CAST), the soft-lander, weighing 3,800 kg on top of the launch vehicle, is likely to be launched in 2013, a corporation source said yesterday.     The government has given the nod to the second phase of the lunar program to explore the surface of the moon, the corporation said.

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BEIJING, Jan. 22 (Xinhua) -- Xinhua News Agency published an article by Hao Shiyuan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), on Thursday, to hail that the Democratic Reform is historic stride for social system in Tibet.     Hao, who is also director of the CASS center for the study of Tibetan history and culture, has contributed the article to the Beijing-based Guangming Daily as part of the newspaper's serial articles to mark the establishment of the "Serfs Emancipation Day" by the Tibetan legislature on Monday.     Before the launching in 1959 of the Democratic Reform in Tibet, the highland area was under a hierarchical rule by monks and aristocrats, says the article, citing a book by Edmund Candler, an India-based correspondent of the British newspaper "Daily Mail", who entered Tibet with British army in 1905.     According to the British reporter's "The Unveiling Lhasa", Tibet was then under a feudalist serfdom, where peasants were slaves of lamas. He even compared the Potala Palace, the residence of Tibetan Buddhist leaders, with the bloodiest medieval castles in Europe in the Middle Ages.     The British journalist was so surprised at what he saw in Tibet that he depicted the Tibetan serfdom as unprecedentedly stubborn and dark.     The Communist Party of China (CPC), which represents the fundamental interests of the Chinese of different ethnic groups, is the only power which can lead the one million Tibetan serfs to end the hierarchical serfdom in Tibet, says Hao.     In 1951, the central government signed a 17-article Agreement with the local government of Tibet, which marks the peaceful liberation of Tibet.     In 1954, late Chinese leader Chairman Mao Zedong told the ** Lama, who was then a vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), the top legislature, that the central government was not eager to implement the Democratic Reform in Tibet, though the reform had been underway in other minority areas.     "It needs the consent of the Tibetan people and the will of the Han people must not be forcibly given to the Tibetan people," said Mao, who indicated that the central government was patient enough on the issue of Democratic Reform in Tibet, though "some Han officials might be" eager to carry out the reform.     The scholar explains that "some Han officials", who were not as patient as the central government, came to the idea to start the reform at an early time, because they witnessed that the Tibetan people were increasingly eager to end the serfdom, under which, the Tibetan serfs were living in an abyss of suffering.     Between 1952-58, the local government of Tibet had a financial income of 392.9 million yuan (about 52 million U.S. dollars), but 357.17 million yuan, or 91 percent, came from the central government. Meanwhile, the central government had invested a lot of money to build highways in Tibet. By 1957, the length of Tibetan highways topped 6,000 kilometers.     Under serfdom, however, Tibetan serfs could not enjoy the economic achievements in Tibet, which were made with the financial assistance by the central government, the article says.     The Buddhist monks, aristocrats and the local government were frightened by the bulging demand of the Tibetan people for carrying out the reform.     In 1955, a preparatory committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region was set up, with the ** Lama as the chairman and the Banqen Lama as a vice chairman. In the same year, some Tibetan aristocrats began plotting for armed rebellions.     Beginning in 1957, some Tibetan people were organized to lay siege to government organizations, kill government staff workers, and hold armed rebellions. In 1958, a large number of rebellious armed forces were set up in Tibet.     On Mar. 10, 1959, an all-around armed rebellion was launched by the local government of Tibet and the stubborn upper-class forces, and the ** Lama went into exile, in betrayal of the nation and the Tibetan people.     The Tibetan hierarchical ruling forces headed by the ** Lama held the 1959 armed rebellion - an attempt to safeguard the feudalist serfdom and their fundamental interests, oppose all kinds of changes in Tibet, and seek for "Tibetan independence", according to the article.     On Mar. 28, the central government dissolved the local government of Tibet and replaced it with the preparatory committee, while launching the Democratic Reform, which allowed the Tibetan people to step in the process of a modern social development. Since then, a series of reform policies and measures had been issued to abolish the old system and set up a new system.     In 1961, the Democratic Reform was initially completed as the 1million emancipated Tibetan serfs became the master of Tibet and people's governments were set up across the autonomous region.     Thanks to the support of the central government, the Tibetan economy had achieved a big progress. As of 1965, the grain output in Tibet reached 290 million kilograms, an 88.6 percent increase over 1958, while the number of the livestock stood at over 18 million, an increase of 54.1 percent comparing with that of 1958.     On Sept. 1, 1965, the Tibet Autonomous Region was established, which marks the beginning of a socialist drive in Tibet, a historic stride for social system in Tibet, the article says.

BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- President Hu Jintao, who is also the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, wants Chinese soldiers to adopt core military values.     The traditions include loyalty to country and its people, devotion to their career and upholding military glory.      Hu made the remarks in a recent meeting with senior military leaders in Beijing.     Those values should serve as a strong spiritual force for the soldiers to achieve all-round development and should guide them when implementing their missions, he said.     Hu added, soldiers should serve the people wholeheartedly and put people's interests above everything.

JINGGANGSHAN, Jiangxi Province, Jan. 25 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao visited the eastern province of Jiangxi on Saturday and Sunday, calling on revolutionary veterans and model workers ahead of the Lunar New Year, China's most important holiday for family gatherings. It was the sixth year in a row that the president spent the holiday outside Beijing with ordinary citizens.     Hu, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, visited veterans who had served in the Red Army and people in the city of Jinggangshan. Chinese President Hu Jintao (C) talks with revolutionary veterans, their descendants, and local work models in Jinggangshan City, east China's Jiangxi Province, Jan. 24, 2009, ahead of the Chinese Lunar New Year, China's most important holiday for family gatherings    Jinggangshan was a famous revolutionary base where Mao Zedong led the Red Army to fight against his enemies during wartime.     During Hu's visit to Huangyangjie, a famous battlefield near Jinggangshan, and a revolution museum in the city, Hu called on local work models, veterans and their descendants, and inquired about their livelihood.     He said the veterans fought alongside the CPC and Chairman Mao, and had made outstanding contributions to China's revolution.     The work models had also offered remarkable service in building Jinggangshan city, he said. Chinese President Hu Jintao (C) grinds soybean to make bean curd as he visits a farmer named Wu Jianzhong and his family in a village of Xiaping Township, east China's Jiangxi Province, Jan. 25, 2009, ahead of the Chinese Lunar New Year, China's most important holiday for family gatherings "The Party and the Chinese people will never forget your contributions," Hu said.     Hu said currently the Party and all ethnic groups in China were striving to maintain a steady and relatively fast economic development and build a well-off society.     The country should learn from the Jinggangshan people in dealing with the difficult situation, and turn the current challenges into opportunities for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, Hu said.     Last year, Hu went to Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region which was severely hit by snow storms before the Lunar New Year, and helped with disaster relief work in the city of Guilin and the county of Ziyuan.

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 BEIJING, Jan. 7 (Xinhua) -- China hopes to work with the United States to maintain a healthy and stable relationship which benefits the people of both countries and the world, said Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo on Wednesday.     "Sino-U.S. relations are at a crucial point linking the past to the future," Dai told the U.S. Deputy Secretary of State John D. Negroponte, who was here to honor the 30th anniversary of Sino-U.S. relations.     Dai said China and the U.S. shared common interests and consolidated a strategic foundation. This paved the way for further development of the relationship.     He summarized four achievements in Sino-U.S. relations made during the Bush administration.     --The two countries confirmed the relationship as stakeholders and constructive cooperators.     --The two heads of state maintained frequent contacts.     --High-level strategic dialogues were institutionalized to promote mutual trust and cooperation.     --Cooperation in all areas deepened such as major international and regional issues.     "Sino-U.S. relations have made remarkable progress over the past three decades and this linked the two countries closely," Dai said.     Negroponte said both the U.S. and China were important countries in the world and needed more dialogue and cooperation to safeguard global security and stability.     The strategic dialogue and the strategic and economic dialogue were two effective mechanisms and should be continued, he said.

BEIJING, Jan. 3 (Xinhua) -- For many Chinese who want to nab railway tickets home for the annual Spring Festival migration, the government's promise of having a better system by 2012 is just a distant hope.     Starting Friday, the first day to book tickets for the travel rush expected to last from Jan. 11 to Feb. 28, long queues appeared at ticket booths in almost every major railway hub.     In Wuhan, college students were first hit by the rush, as many schools' winter break starts from Jan. 10 to 17.     As more than 70 percent of the 1 million resident students there were expected to go home by train, local railway authorities have set up ticket agents on campus, opened more ticket booths for students at stations and offered special trains for students.     But many still found it difficult to get tickets, especially to Urumqi, Qingdao, Jinan, Harbin, Zhanjiang and Nanning. At the Wuchang Railway Station alone, more than 60,000 tickets were sold on Friday.     In Shanghai, police and security officers were put 24-hour on guard to maintain order and prevent accidents. They gave each passenger a number and assigned them to different waiting lines.     At the Beijing West Railway Station, 15 temporary ticket booths have been opened. To keep the lines at no more than 20 people as required by the Railway Ministry, Beijing railway authority set up410 ticket booths at the main Beijing Railway Station and the Beijing West Railway Station. Tickets will be sold around the clock.     Deputy General Manager of the Guangzhou Railway Group Cao Jianguo asked passengers to "be patient" and "try again" with the booking telephone hot line 96020088 in Guangdong.     Nine stations in the southern province have been networked this year with the telephone hotline, which means passengers can pick up or cancel reserved tickets much more easily by showing identification.     At Guangzhou railway stations, the Guangzhou Command College of Armed Police was mobilized at seven ticket booths. They were on duty during last year's Spring Festival rush, which was aggravated by unusual snowstorms.     The Railway Ministry expects 188 million people to travel during the coming travel rush, up 8 percent from last year, with daily traffic expected to hit 4.7 million people.     Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Hangzhou are the "most bustling hubs" before the Spring Festival, which falls on Jan. 26,so railway authorities have added 319 temporary express passengers trains this year.     Despite these efforts, many passengers still feared that they might not be able to get tickets to get home in time.     Qiao Kejiao, a Beijing hospital clerk, said she might resort to being duty on Lunar New Year Eve and traveling on the second day, when traffic would be lighter.     In a work meeting that closed on Thursday, Railway Minister LiuZhijun attributed the annual travel ordeal to inadequate rail networks. The work meeting decided that speeding up railway construction and securing railway transportation were the ministry's priority tasks in 2009.     Liu foresaw a "historic change" in 2012 when intensive investment would extend total track mileage to 110,000 km, including 13,000 km of passenger lines on which trains could run between 200 to 350 km per hour.     The scenario does not offer any immediate comfort. Associate senior editor of the Study Times, Deng Yuwen, said the real solution was not in hardware improvement such as more tracks but in management and service.     In a column in the Shanghai-based Oriental Morning Post on Saturday, he said that the per capita railway mileage in China was only 6 cm, shorter than a cigarette.     "Even after the mileage is extended from the current 78,000 km to 110,000 km, per capita rail lines in China will only be 8.5 cm. Can we really say good-bye to ticket shortages by then?"     The real culprit, he wrote, was insufficient capacity. To improve the capacity, foreign and private capital should be introduced to break the government monopoly in railway investment, he said.     The ticket distribution system should also be streamlined to avoid the "gray zone" where so-called "contract units" such as tourism agencies and outlets take advantage of contacts to hoard tickets that are then re-sold for illegal profits.     Ticket purchases under real names, a proposal that has been repeatedly rejected by the railway authorities, could help improve management and services, he said.

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CHONGQING, Dec. 16 (Xinhua) -- China has approved the establishment of a bonded area in southwestern Chongqing Municipality in an effort to boost the opening and development of central and western regions.     Chongqing Vice Mayor Huang Qifan said Tuesday at a press conference here that the first inland bonded area had been approved by the State Council, or the Cabinet.     The 8.37-sq km Cuntan Bonded Area centers both the Cuntan Harbor and the Jiangbei International Airport. The bonded area will be completed in 2015.     "The Cuntan Bonded Area will be built into a multi-functional area with most advanced logistics and preferential policies," Huang said. "It will also become an accelerator for the opening upof central and eastern inland cities."     The Chongqing Bonded Area Development Company and the area's administration commission will start operation on Thursday. Huang did not reveal the investment for the bonded area or its operation time.     Bao Zichuan, chairman of the company, said the bonded area will focus on harbor business, air transport, foreign trade, export-oriented processing and commodity displays.     Enterprises in the bonded area will enjoy such preferential policies as tax rebates for exports and free tax for trading within the area.     So far, China has established ten such free trade zones in the coastal areas from north to south.

BEIJING, Nov. 2 (Xinhua) -- China's gross domestic product (GDP) growth is expected to slow to 9.4 percent in 2008 from last year's 11.4 percent as the shrinking exports will cool the world's fourth largest economy, according to a Chinese credit rating agency report on Sunday.     The fundamentals of the economy are sound, but falling export orders would take a toll on the national economy in the short term, and domestic consumption needed time to play a bigger role, said the report released by the China Chengxin International Credit Rating Co. (CCXI), a joint venture of China's first rating agency China Chengxin Credit Management Co. Ltd. and U.S.-based Moody's Corporation.     The changing external economic environment and the burst of domestic asset bubbles would exacerbate the slowing economy, said the report.     The proactive fiscal policy was key to preventing the economy from falling and there was room for further cuts in bank reserve requirement ratios and interest rates.     It predicted the economy would gain 8.6 percent in 2009, but it gave no explanation of its forecast.     China's economy grew at 9 percent in the third quarter, the slowest in five years, as the global financial crisis sapped demand for Chinese goods, and domestic industrial production waned in response to weak demand and rising raw material costs.     The government has lowered interest rates three times in the last two months, increased export rebates and cut property transaction taxes to boost domestic consumption.     The report said the world financial crisis would have limited direct impact on the domestic banking system, but it warned Chinese exporters of default risks of foreign buyers.     Insurers and securities companies would be affected as the domestic capital market was growing more connected to the international market.     In September, the Manila-based Asian Development Bank, projected China's GDP growth to fall to 10 percent this year and further ease to 9.5 percent in 2009.     The slow-down was a result of the combined effects of a reduced trade surplus, slower growth in investment, and the global economic downturn, the Asian Development Outlook 2008 Update has said.