高中语文听课技巧

生态伦理学与可持续发展

A brand-new labor contract law comes into force from the New Year's Day that is expected to markedly propel rights for billions of Chinese workers."The government that is making the most concerted effort to protect workers rights is China," said Auret van Heerden, Geneva-based head of Fair Labor Association, which monitors work conditions in 60 countries.That "goes against the conventional wisdom that China is leading the race to the bottom," the Bloomberg News quoted Heerden as saying on Tuesday.The Labor Contract Law aims to improve job security for workers, making open-ended terms of employment for those employees who have completed two fixed terms with the same employer. The legislation limits overtime, sets minimum wages and guarantees one month's pay for each year worked for sacked employees. It is the first time that China's top legislature, the National People's Congress Standing Committee, has ruled on open-ended work contracts and severance pay for fired workers.The new law will make it more difficult for companies to hire temporary workers, a practice favored by exporters to cope with fluctuations in orders.One side-effect of the legislation will be higher labor costs for all employers in China. It is estimated that some labor-intensive businesses will have to raise their selling prices, or move to other places with lower cost.Olympus Corp., the world's No.4 digital camera maker, and Yue Yuen Industrial (Holdings) Ltd., the biggest maker of shoes for brands such as Nike Inc., are among companies shifting some production to Vietnam to cut costs.According to Chinese press reports, some companies have been terminating contracts and asking employees to resign ahead of the introduction of the law.Huawei Technologies Co., China's largest maker of telecommunications equipment, offered 7,000 workers new contracts with benefits if they terminated their old agreements, spokesman Ross Gan said.Some employees accepted, while others chose not to sign and left, he said, without providing details. The move wasn't aimed at evading legislation, Gan said in an email to the Bloomberg News.

China's disciplinary watchdog posthumously stripped a former senior political adviser of his membership in the Communist Party of China for leading a "dissolute lifestyle and serious violations of Party discipline." Song Pingshun, former chairman of the Tianjin Municipal Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, an advisory body to the parliament in the northern port city of Tianjin, was discovered dead on June 3. A police investigation determined he had committed suicide. The CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection decided to take the rare step of posthumous expulsion after finding that Song had "abused his public power to seek benefits for his mistress, seriously violating CPC discipline." "Song, morally degenerate, kept a mistress and helped her obtain money through illegal means," the discipline watchdog said. Song, 61, a native of northern China's Hebei Province, became the top political adviser in Tianjin, a booming municipality directly under the central government, in March 2006. He had also served as vice mayor, police chief and secretary of the Tianjin CPC Political Science and Law Commission, which is in charge of the city's police and legal sectors. The CPC expelled 21,120 members last year for breaking its rules, mainly for taking bribes. Corruption remains a serious problem in China, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee earlier warned Party members. More than 1,000 Chinese officials above the county level were punished for corruption during the first five months of this year, up 2.4 percent from the same period last year. More than 64 percent of the total involved "serious cases" in which officials took more than 50,000 yuan (US,600) in bribes or embezzled more than 100,000 yuan in public funds.

SHENZHEN -- China on Wednesday laid out a primary plan for its second pipeline of the West-East natural gas transmission project.According to the plan, construction of the 8,794 kilometer gas pipeline, which consists of one major line and eight sub-lines, will involve an investment of approximately 143.5 billion yuan (US.8 billion).The major line will extend 4,945 km, running from Khorgos in the northwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region to Guangzhou, capital of south Guangdong Province.Construction of the pipeline will begin this year and it will go into operation in 2010. The pipeline would pass through 13 Chinese regions.It would carry natural gas from central Asian countries and Xinjiang to the economically prosperous but energy thirsty eastern and southern China areas, including Shanghai and Guangdong Province.

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WASHINGTON - US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson will visit China's largest lake next week on a trip that will highlight global environmental challenges. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson speaks during an interview with Reuters in Washington July 2, 2007. [AP]Paulson will also hold talks in Beijing with President Hu Jintao that will focus on the Strategic Economic Dialogue, high-level discussions launched last year in an effort to deal with economic tensions between the US and China. "This trip is part of an ongoing process to strengthen our strategic economic relationship - to address long-term issues such as working with China to rebalance its growth and increase the flexibility of its currency and also to address short-term issues as they arise," Paulson said Tuesday in announcing the trip. Paulson will begin the trip with a visit July 30 to Qinghai Lake, the largest lake in the country and an example of some of the environmental challenges facing China as it struggles to deal with pollution. "The only way to make progress on climate change is to engage all the large economies, developed and developing, to work toward embracing cleaner technology and reducing emissions," Paulson said. "What's happening with the environment in the middle of China not only affects the local climate and economy but also the global climate and economy." Paulson will meet on July 31 in Beijing with Hu and Vice Premier Wu Yi, who is leading the Chinese side in the strategic dialogue talks. The administration is coming under pressure from Congress to show results from these discussions, particularly in the area of currency values. American manufacturers contend that the yuan is undervalued by as much as 40 percent, which makes Chinese products cheaper for US consumers but makes it more difficult for US products to be sold in China. The first strategic dialogue session was held in Beijing last December with a follow-up meeting in Washington in May. The two countries have pledged to meet twice a year with the next session to take place in China later this year. An exact date has not yet been announced. The Treasury Department said in a statement announcing the trip that Paulson in his meetings with Chinese leaders would raise issues of concern to Congress as well as follow up on issues that were identified as priority items at the May meeting of the strategic dialogue. US lawmakers have grown increasingly unhappy as America's trade deficit with China has soared, hitting 3 billion last year, the largest ever recorded with a single country and one-third of the US total deficit with the rest of the world. Various bills have been introduced that would require the administration to take a harder line on the currency issue including pursuing economic sanctions if China does not move more quickly to allow its currency to rise in value against the dollar. China has reiterated that it does not manipulate its currency and the currency reforms are moving as quickly as the developing economy and financial system will allow.

China kicked off an annual rural work conference in Beijing on Saturday to map out the country's strategies and policies for agricultural and rural development in 2008.China's rural development will continue to be one of the areas that top the government's agenda in the coming year, as stressed at the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) concluded in October.A recent CPC meeting urged continuing to modernize the agricultural sector to close the gap between urban areas and relatively underdeveloped rural regions in the coming year.The meeting called on to boost infrastructure constructions in rural areas, promote the steady development of agriculture, increase the income of farmers, ensure the basic supply of farm produce and improve the livelihood of rural population.It asked to establish a long-term mechanism for boosting the agriculture sector, continue to increase government investment on agriculture, give more support to the agricultural sector and boost grain production in 2008.Experts believed balancing inflation curbs and steady price hikes of farm produce for the good of farmers would be a key challenge for the Chinese government next year.Farm produce such as grain, meat and cooking oil, were major factors behind this year's soaring inflation.The Chinese government had pledged to modernize the agricultural industry and invest more money in the country's vast rural areas at the annual conference last year.The Party and government had annually devoted its first work document to rural development four times since 2004 to draw up a variety of preferential policies to support the rural sector. The move indicated that rural development was a top concern of the central government.This year's rural work conference is scheduled to last two days.

The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television has called a halt to all TV and radio programs on plastic surgery or sex-change operations.The administration issued a notice on Thursday that forbids programs with such "indecent themes and bloody and explicit scenes".As the decision states, it is forbidden to plan, program or broadcast any programs about plastic surgery or sex-change operations.The decision came as growing numbers of local TV stations decide to broadcast such programs, which have attracted complaints from many viewers.For example, Sun Min, a viewer in South China's Guangdong Province, said she found the scenes of plastic surgery in "New Agreement on Beauty", broadcast by a local TV station, to be "horrifying and sickening"."Ongoing programs of this kind should be stopped immediately," said the notice. "Any party that violates the rule will be punished."The administration has already stopped broadcasts of "New Agreement on Beauty".In response, He Yi, an official with the Guangdong TV Station, said that the program's production team understands the administration's decision and would abide by it.The administration's move came a week after it banned "The First Heartthrob", a local talent show broadcast in Southwest China's Chongqing Municipality, due to its vulgar content.The program caters to "low-grade interests", with the judges and songs on the program often featuring bad language.The administration said this seriously damages the image of the television industry and has a negative social influence.The director of the program has already been fired by Chongqing TV station.

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BRUSSELS -- The European Commission is set to propose an end to the five-year anti-dumping duties on Chinese energy-saving lightbulbs, a spokesman said on Thursday. A group of trade experts at the European Union's executive body have been debating whether to drop the anti-dumping duties for several months as the trade defense measure against lightbulbs made in China was introduced for five years in 2001. Peter Power, a spokesman for EU Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson, said a majority of specialists support the end to the anti-dumping duties as the five-year period has expired. "The outcome of the discussions puts the commission in a position to proceed with a formal proposal to end the duties," he said. Some European bulb makers have been pressing had for a renewal of the duties for another five years, but the measure was criticized by environmentalists as unjustified in EU's fight against global warming. EU member states will give a final say to the issue, based on the commission's proposal. The 27-nation bloc has launched a review of its trade defense policy, notably anti-duping measures. As an increasing number of EU companies now invest in China, the EU wants to have a second thought on whether such measures would hurt its own interests.

China's work safety agency denied claims that current coal shortage was due to the closure of small, illegal pits."China is not short of coal as the country turned out 2.53 billion tons last year, a rise of 8.2 percent year on year. Output could jump by 3.3. percent this year", said Huang Yi, spokesman for the State Administration of Work Safety (SAWS).The campaign against the illegal collieries is aimed at those without production permits working under risky conditions. The shut-down of 11,155 small coal mines in the past two years means the elimination of that number of potential pit tragedies, said Huang in an online interview with www.ce.cn on Friday.Among the suspended collieries, 7,000 to 8,000 have merged with larger mines. The output of small coal mines still account for one thirds of the national total, or near 900 million tons, the same share before the reshuffle, said the spokesman.The current coal supply strain is temporary and regional, according to Huang.The heavy snow that has fallen since mid-January, the worst in 50 years in much of China, has paralyzed transportation, frozen the power grid and caused serious economic losses. Up to 17 provinces experienced blackouts in the snow-hit areas.Coal mines nationwide are urged to beef up production to ensure power coal supply in the disaster-hit regions.The government has also ordered the railway system giving top priority to power coal transport.Power supply and coal reserves continued to resume in China. Reserves of coal for power generation increased 800,000 tonnes to 25.2 million tonnes on Thursday, equaling 13 days' supply for the country's power plants, said the Disaster Relief and Emergency Command Center under the State Council on Friday night.

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BEIJING -- The Chinese government on Sunday promulgated a revised decree to strike the activities of driving up prices through hoarding or cheating.The revision was made on the basis of regulations passed in 1999 and amended in February 2006 by the State Council.The new decree, effective as of Sunday, raises the maximum fine to 1 million yuan(US,000), which almost triples the sum in the old regulations, for those who manipulate market prices and ignore the prices advised by the government under emergencies.Commercial associations which deliberately spread rumors on price information can be fined at a maximum of 500,000 yuan. Those who severely violate the decree may have their legal certificates revoked.The State Council and local governments can set profit ratios or price ceilings for key items of goods and services when prices rise too sharp, according to the decree.

BEIJING -- China pledged to normalize life and production in snow-hit provinces as early as possible at an executive meeting here on Wednesday to make arrangements on the issue of rebuilding in these areas.Premier Wen Jiabao presided over the executive meeting of the State Council, China's Cabinet.The meeting marks a turning point of China shifting the focus of its efforts from disaster relief to reconstruction of the badly hit areas. The State Council spoke highly of the joint efforts made by civilians, troops and police to fight the snow-caused catastrophes.Currently, transport has returned to normal nationwide and damaged power supply and transmission networks are being repaired. In the affected areas, power supply for residential use has basically been restored, markets are stable and social order has been maintained, according to the meeting.The meeting warned local governments and departments concerned not to relax as in some areas power supply facilities were yet repaired. In addition, the transport of power-use coal was still difficult, large areas of croplands were completely destroyed and life is very hard for local people.The State Council asked local authorities to organize manpower, materials and funds to rebuild damaged infrastructure, restore industrial and agricultural production and normalize people's lives as early as possible while trying hard to minimize losses caused by the catastrophe.According to the meeting, power supply in the affected areas must be completely normalized by the end of March, while transport facilities, telecom networks and radio and TV broadcasting networks must be normalized as quickly as possible.The State Council also made detailed plans for restoring industrial and agricultural production in the affected areas, including the providing of crop seeds and food to affected farmers and in increasing coal, power and oil shipments to affected areas.According to the latest official statistics, snow-caused catastrophes have killed 107 and caused 111.1 billion yuan (US.4 billion) in direct financial loss.Altogether, 21 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have been affected. About 1.5 million people have been evacuated, and 1.93 million stranded passengers have been transported out.The extreme weather affected nearly 24.4 million hectares of farmland and 18.6 million hectares of forests.The State Forestry Administration has allocated a total of 34.3 million yuan (US.7 million) for subsidy to the worst-hit six provinces.The forestry administration also made plans to cut back relative taxes to relieve farmers and encourage production after the snow storms.The Ministry of Science and Technology has proposed to provide technology support for the snow stricken areas, to help with restoring industrial and agricultural production.Wan Gang, Minister of Science and Technology, said on a work conference here on Wednesday the ministry would closely monitor secondary disasters that might come along with the snow storm, send technicians to snow-hit areas to facilitate power grid reconstruction and agricultural production.He also said the ministry will strengthen the country's alarm system against natural disasters by granting more funds into research in related areas.The science ministry has already allocated 20 million yuan (US.73 million) to help with disaster relief, and have distributed science brochures compiled by the ministry to snow stricken areas.It also ordered relevant departments to monitor possible secondary disasters coming along with the low temperature, snow and freezing rain.In addition, the ministries of civil affairs and finance have allocated a total of 535 million yuan (US.79 million) in emergency funding to regions affected by the disaster.The two ministries have so far earmarked another 710 million yuan for needy urban and rural residents in seven of the worst-hit provinces and regions as temporary subsidies.