税收刺激消费和投资的政策选择1

7部门联合下发通知

BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media selected the 10 most popular phrases from the past three decades to mark the official 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, which falls on this month.     When China began to reform and open-up 30 years ago, people began experiencing, seeing and doing new things. In fact things were so new, they needed to create new words to describe what was happening.     In order of popularity, starting with number one:     "Go in for business"     In the 1980s when China was starting to transition from a planned economy to a market economy, it had a two-track pricing system (official and market prices) for industrial raw materials, including steel, non-ferrous metals, timber and coal.     Seeing business opportunities within the pricing system, many people, especially government employees and those from state-run factories or institutes, quit their jobs to open their own businesses.     "Going for business" was often used to refer to the phenomena of people breaking away from the constraints of a planned system to embrace the market economy. 　　"Be laid off and get re-employed"     To adapt to the market economy and improve competitiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the 1990s, China began restructuring.     "Encouraging mergers, standardizing bankruptcy, laying off and reassigning redundant workers, streamlining for higher efficiency" was a guideline in the SOEs reforms.     No official statistics show how many workers were laid off during that period, but experts estimate the number could be tens of millions.     To avoid social unrest and help most of those workers find new jobs, the Chinese central government offered occupational trainings, small loans and preferential tax policies.     "Migrant worker"     China's reform and opening-up drive started in rural areas in 1978 with collectively-owned farmland contracted to individual families. This freed about 100 million peasants from farm work.     However, most of these people were tied to the countryside by a residence-based rationing system for virtually everything, including food. About 63 million of these former farmers were given jobs in village-run enterprises that mushroomed in those days.     A policy change in 1984 allowed them to find jobs in cities but the massive migration of rural laborers didn't start until after China decided to move to a market economy in 1992.     The rapid inflow of investors created many construction, factory and mining jobs, most of which urban dwellers consider too tiring or dirty.     The number of migrants grew from 60 million in 1992 to 120 million in 2003 and 210 million this year, according to central government figures.     The work of the migrant population has generated 21 percent of China's gross domestic product in the past 30 years, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has found. But migrant workers face various problems, including delayed pay schedules, no or low work-place injury compensation, lack of health care and little schooling for their children.     "It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice."     This sentence was used by late leader Deng Xiaoping, chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, on different occasions to clear up doubts as to whether the economic reform was capitalist or socialist.     The sentence helped stop ideological arguments at the early stage of reform and encouraged generations of Chinese to pursue their dreams in the market economy. 　　"Surfing the Internet"     The Internet was introduced in China more than 10 years ago. It quickly gained popularity and impacted society.     While online music, instant communication services, video streaming and online games greatly entertained millions of Chinese, the Internet also became a powerful news medium where information was disclosed, shared and publicized quickly.     Through June, China had 221 million netizens, according to the Data Center of China Internet (DCCI). The netizen population, which had already surpassed that of the United States to become the world's largest, would increase to 263 million by the end of this year, DCCI forecasted.     E-commerce transactions amounted to 2 trillion yuan (about 300 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007 and 25 percent of netizens had bought something online after "surfing the Internet" as of June this year. 　　"Reform and opening-up"     In 1978, a group of villagers from Xiaogang village in eastern Anhui Province decided to adopt a household contract responsibility system, which entrusted the management and production of public owned farmland to individual households through long-term contracts.     Later the system, described by then Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping as "a great invention of Chinese farmers", was widely adopted across the country and triggered economic reform.     Over the past 30 years, the country witnessed significant changes in comprehensive national strength, people's living standards and international influence thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.     China's share of the world's combined gross output rose to 6 percent at the end of 2007, compared with just 1.8 percent in 1978when its reform and opening-up began, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).     Fast economic growth over the past 30 years lifted China's GDP ranking in the world from 10th in 1978 to fourth after the United States, Japan and Germany     According to the NBS, China's per capita income jumped to 2,360U.S. dollars in 2007 from 190 U.S. dollars in 1978.     "Beijing Olympic Games"     Many believe that without opening-up, it would be impossible for China to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics.     The Games, commended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge as "truly exceptional", were seen by the world as China's come-of-age show on the international stage.     China grabbed a total of 100 medals at the Beijing Games -- a coincidence as the country dreamt for 100 years to be the Olympic host -- and overtook the United States to top the gold medal count with 51.     As the most watched Games in history, with an estimated 4.5 billion TV and Internet viewers, the Beijing Olympics attracted the most participants, who were from a record 204 countries and regions.     "Speculate in stocks"     In 1990, China opened its first stock exchange in Shanghai, the country's industrial and financial center. In 1991, it set up its second bourse in Shenzhen, the country's first special economic zone.     China witnessed waves of stock crazes over the years and fluctuations in the stock market touch the nerves of millions of Chinese.     In 2007, the country saw a bull stock market, with the key benchmark Shanghai Composite Index soaring from 2,728 points in January to 5,261 points, or 92.85 percent, on December 28.     In fact, the market has been on a bullish run for 29 months from June 6, 2005 to November 2007, longer than the general bullish market cycle of 17 to 24 months.     But it has dipped since last November.     "Chinese characteristics"     The phrase became well-known as an answer by late leader Deng to the question of how China could improve its productivity and people's lives with its less-developed economy.     Deng's answer was "to build socialism with Chinese characteristics". It means China has its own way of development rather than copying other countries' experiences.     The phrase is frequently quoted by the Chinese and used in China's official documents.     "Rise abruptly"     The phrase, or "Xiong Qi" in Chinese meaning "Go! Go!", is a dialect of southwest China's Sichuan Province. It was originally used by football fans to inspire teams in the 1990s.     The phrase soon became popular among the Chinese public and was used widely outside the sports field to encourage people to keep up their spirits.     After the May 12 earthquake in Sichuan, Chinese used the phrase to show their care and support to the quake-affected areas and people.     The 10 phrases were selected by 15 Chinese media, including the Beijing Evening News, the Shanghai Evening Post, the Tianjin-based Jin Wan Bao, the Guangzhou-based Yangcheng Evening News and the Shanxi Evening News.     Newspapers, which are based in 15 provinces and municipalities, started soliciting catch phrases from the public in October, according to the Beijing Evening News.     The list, voted on by readers and netizens, was publicized in Shanghai on Saturday.

 CAIRO, Dec. 24 (Xinhua) -- At the invitation of Egyptian Prime Minister Ahmed Mahmoud Mohamed Nazef, Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang arrived here on Wednesday afternoon for an official visit to Egypt.     "I believe my visit will promote the China-Egypt strategic partnership of cooperation to a higher level," Li said in a written speech upon arrival at the airport.     He noted that China attaches great importance to developing relations with Egypt and is ready to make joint efforts with the Egyptian side to consolidate the traditional friendship, deepen the strategic partnership of cooperation and enhance coordination in international and regional issues with Egypt. Visiting Chinese Vice-Premier Li Keqiang is greeted by Chinese people on his arrival at an airport in Cairo, capital of Egypt, Dec. 24, 2008.    During his four-day visit, Li is expected to meet Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and hold talks with Nazef on bilateral relations with the Arab world and Africa, and regional, international issues.     Egypt is the second leg of Li's first overseas trip since he took office as vice premier in March. The trip has brought him to Indonesia and will bring him to Kuwait.     Among his entourages are senior foreign affairs, development, commercial and banking officials.

BEIJING, Jan. 1 (Xinhua) -- China Dairy Industry Association (CDIA) on Thursday told Xinhua more information on setting up a medical compensation fund for victim babies in the tainted milk powder scandal.     "The scandal caused great harm to infants and the society, so firms involved in the scandal feel very regretful for this. To be responsible for their wrongdoing and rebuild the dairy industry's reputation, these companies offer to shoulder social responsibilities," said the association.     Sanlu, the dairy producer at the center of the tainted milk powder scandal, and other 21 firms blamed in the scandal had decided to set up a compensation fund for the victim infants.     "The money from these companies for this fund has been in place now. The fund will cover the charge on acute disease medical treatment and the one-time cash payment for victims," said the Beijing-based association.     But no specific amount of the fund or compensation for each victim baby was revealed.     "The fund is big enough to cover all the medical care charge for the victim infants and the compensation work is now underway," according to the association.     "After the acute disease medical treatment, if those infants develop related diseases before they are 18 years old, they can also get full reimbursement for their medical expenses from the fund," the CDIA added.     The fund will be entrusted to China Life Insurance Co., Ltd., the country's leading life insurer, to manage. To make it easier for the victim families to get compensation, they can get the medical charge reimbursement through China Life's outlets nationwide.     China's tainted dairy scandal was exposed in September after babies who had milk powder produced by the northern Hebei Province-based Sanlu Group developed kidney stones.     Other leading dairy firms were also involved. The contamination killed six babies and more than 290,000 infants suffered from urinary problems such as kidney stones.

沧州为什么坚挺时间很短

SHANGHAI, Nov. 13 (Xinhua) -- China's first local financial tribunal opened on Thursday in the People's Court of Shanghai Pudong New Area.     The tribunal, with three judges, will accept both individual and institutional civil cases, with no limit on claims, said a judicial official.     Lin Xiaojun, vice chief judge of the tribunal, said the global financial crisis has triggered an increase in financial disputes.     Financial innovation and opening-up had also seen a wider variety of cases, including finance product and company stock ownership disputes, said Lin.     Ding Shouxing, president of the People's Court of Shanghai Pudong New Area said the tribunal would also provide legal services for financial institutions, release case analyses for market information, and make proposals to prevent and resolve financial risks.     The tribunal would hire financial experts as assessors, and setup a consultative team to guarantee just, efficient, professional and clean hearings.     The Ministry of Justice has announced no plans to extend the tribunals to the other parts of the country.     Since 2006, the People's Court of Pudong New Area has heard 5,603 financial cases, including those relating to bank loans, credit cards, securities and assurance, involving more than 1.6 billion yuan (242 million U.S. dollars).     The Chinese government approved Pudong New Area, situated in eastern Shanghai, as a trial base for opening-up in 1990. Since then, 530 domestic and foreign financial institutions have been established there.

LIMA, Nov. 21 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao on Friday gave a brief outline of the country's future development to the business community of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).     Addressing the APEC Chief Executive Officers (CEO) Summit, Hu said China will continue to follow the Scientific Outlook on Development by putting people first and making development comprehensive, balanced and sustainable.     "We will unswervingly pursue reform, improve the socialist market economy and build systems and institutions that are dynamic, efficient, more open and conducive to scientific development," Hu said.     China will follow a new path of industrialization with Chinese characteristics and transform the mode of economic growth, he said. Chinese President Hu Jintao addresses Peruvian Congress in Lima, capital of Peru, Nov. 20, 2008. Hu said here Thursday that China is willing to make concerted efforts with Latin American countries to establish a comprehensive cooperative partnership of equality, mutual benefit and common development    Instead of relying heavily on higher consumption of resources, China will achieve development by making scientific and technological progress, improving the quality of the workforce and developing innovative management, he added.     Since the beginning of this year, China has taken robust measures to address the complex changes in the international economic environment and the severe challenges of major natural disasters.     "We have strengthened macroeconomic regulation in a timely way," Hu said, adding "The fundamentals of the Chinese economy have not changed."     "The steady and relatively faster economic development in China is in itself a major contribution to upholding international financial stability and promoting world economic development," he emphasized.     Between January and September this year, China's gross domestic product grew by 9.9 percent and the three major demands of investment, consumption and export all grew by over 20 percent.     However, since September, with the spread and development of the financial crisis, difficulties confronting China's economic development have become more and more obvious, Hu said.     The growth rate of China's export has begun to decline and industrial production and corporate profits have been adversely affected to varying degrees, he added.     "In view of this and in order to boost economic development, the Chinese government has strengthened macroeconomic regulation in a timely way and decided to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy," the president said.     China has lowered the required reserve ratio, cut the deposit and lending rates and eased the corporate tax burdens, he added.     China has recently adopted even stronger measures to generate greater domestic demand, Hu said.     He said the central government has decided to invest an additional 100 billion yuan (14.6 billion U.S. dollars) this year to accelerate projects related to people's livelihood, infrastructure, the eco-environment and post-disaster reconstruction.     This is expected to generate a total of 400 billion yuan (58.4 billion dollars) of investment nationwide, he pointed out, adding between the fourth quarter this year and the end of 2010, investment in these projects alone will reach nearly 4 trillion yuan (584 billion dollars).     Implementation of these measures will give a strong impetus to China's economic development, Hu said.     Hu arrived here on Wednesday for a state visit to Peru and the Economic Leaders' Informal Meeting of APEC scheduled for Nov. 22-23.

BEIJING, Dec. 1 -- Amid the coupling effects of shrinking global demand and rising operating costs, it has been a dramatic upheaval this year for domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) after China started its reforms 30 years ago.    Even as the scene appears a bit scary, there is still a ray of hope if only entrepreneurs note the writing on the wall and go all out to cut costs before they raise the clamor for a bailout.Two women make beds on a production line of the small private firm Nangang Shoemaking Factory in Foshan, Guangdong province.In the first half of 2008, much before the world saw the capital markets going topsy turvy amid the global economic slowdown, over 67,000 SMEs in China went bankrupt, while more than 10,000 labor-intensive textile enterprises downed shutters, according to figures from the Department of SMEs under the National Development and Reform Commission.    In October, 714 companies were closed in Dongguan in Guangdong province, home to over 60,100 private companies and a major manufacturing center in China.     "We will see more companies closing in the coming months, with the figure likely to cross 1,000 after Christmas," says Dongguan Deputy Mayor Jiang Ling.     Most of the international buyers of Chinese products failed to get letters of credit in October leading to significant cancellations of Christmas orders, says Frank FX. Gong, chief China economist at JPMorgan Securities (Asia Pacific) Limited in a recent report. "Indeed, 'things suddenly ceased' was the common comment we heard on the ground lately," he says.     But for some like Luo Chun, sales director of tin box maker Dongguan Tinpak Co, the freeze on Christmas orders has not yet meant closing. Luo says overseas order fell by 10 percent from June to October, normally the peak time for Christmas orders.

沧州男科治疗中心

BEIJING, Nov. 19 (Xinhua) -- Chinese shares staged a broad-based rebound on Wednesday, making up the previous day's losses after an overnight rally on Wall Street.     The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index finished at 2,017 points, a gain of 6.05 percent. The Shenzhen Component Index rose 6.14 percent to 6,679 points.     Combined turnover shrank to 120.81 billion yuan (17.26 billion U.S. dollars) from the previous day's 145 billion yuan.     Gains outnumbered losses by 865 to eight in Shanghai and 743 to two in Shenzhen. Almost all sectors rose, with more than 200 stocks up by the daily limit of 10 percent. An investor looks at the electronic board in a stock exchange in Shanghai, east China, Nov. 19, 2008. The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index finished at 2,017 points, a gain of 6.05 percent    The Shanghai index fell more than 6 percent on Tuesday over fears of a spreading global slowdown, exacerbated by profit-taking.     Shares rebounded sharply in the afternoon on Wednesday as investors bought up energy and bank stocks, which had fallen heavily on Tuesday.     Oil, telecom and banking sectors led the rise. Sinopec rose by 10 percent to 8.37 yuan. PetroChina was up 7.49 percent, closing at 11.91 yuan. China Citic Bank gained 6.51 percent to 4.42 yuan.     Telecom shares surged on reports of an imminent approval of 3G licenses. China United Telecommunications rose 10 percent to 6.03 yuan.     A Guangfa Securities note said the rebound showed investor confidence had risen after Tuesday's decline. The sharp rises of energy and banking stocks showed institutional investors were optimistic over market prospects. 

TAIPEI, Jan. 2 (Xinhua) -- The United Daily News, one of the biggest newspapers in Taiwan, said in an editorial on Friday that the six proposals put forward by Hu Jintao on the cross-Straits relationship are "positive" and "explicit".     The editorial said that people in Taiwan mostly hold positive opinions about the six proposals, made by General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee Hu Jintao on New Year's Eve, and see goodwill and understanding in them.     It noted that in Hu's address, he shows understanding that "Taiwan consciousness" does not equal to "Taiwan independence consciousness". In addition, Hu also said the mainland is willing to discuss with Taiwan "proper and reasonable arrangements" for Taiwan's participation in activities of international organizations as long as such activity does not create a scenario of "two Chinas" or "one China and one Taiwan." Chinese President Hu Jintao addresses a ceremony commemorating the 30th anniversary of the announcement of Message to Compatriots in Taiwan, held in Beijing, capital of China, on Dec. 31, 2008. The Chinese mainland commemorated the 30th anniversary of the announcement of Message to Compatriots in Taiwan here Wednesday with a ceremony.     Hu made the six proposals on promoting the peaceful development of the cross-Straits relationship in his speech to commemorate the30th anniversary of the mainland's "Message to Compatriots in Taiwan."     He called for increased communication and exchange in all areas and said the mainland would actively respond to any constructive proposals that would boost the peaceful development of the cross-Straits relationship.     Hu said the two sides could step up contacts and exchanges on military issues "at an appropriate time" and discuss establishing a mechanism to boost mutual trust on military security.

沧州那家医院做包皮手术做得好

BEIJING, Nov. 2 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao and Tongan King Taufa'ahau Tupou V exchanged congratulatory messages on Sunday to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the establishment of bilateral diplomatic relations.     Hu said in the message that the establishment of diplomatic ties between the two countries on Nov. 2, 1998 opened a new chapter in bilateral relations.     Over the past 10 years, the bilateral ties have been continuously solidified and strengthened, he added.     Hu said the establishment and development of bilateral ties have brought real benefits to the two peoples and promoted the stability and development of the Pacific Islands Region.     China is willing to make joint efforts with Tonga, on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, to further strengthen bilateral exchanges and cooperation, boost the two peoples' friendship and understanding and lift China-Tonga friendly and cooperative ties to a higher level, thus making new contribution to the stability, development and progress of the two countries and the region as a whole, he said.     Tupou V said it was farsighted for former King Taufa'ahau TupouIV to make the decision to build diplomatic ties with China 10 years ago.     The development of the ties has benefited the two peoples greatly, he said, adding the Tongan government will continue to abide by the one-China policy.

JOHANNESBURG, Jan. 17 (Xinhua) -- Strengthening friendly relations and cooperation with Africa is an important foundation of China's foreign policy, and remarkable development has been achieved in China-Africa ties in the past year, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said here Saturday.     Yang, who was wrapping up a visit to Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi and South Africa, said China and Africa maintained high-level exchanges, and deepened their strategic mutual trust in 2008.     Last year, many African leaders paid official visits to China, or traveled to China to attend the Beijing Olympics and the Beijing Paralympics, he told Xinhua.     African countries continued to offer their valuable support for China on issues concerning China's core interests, he added.     Africa and China are facing new opportunities for developing their ties this year, Yang said.     Chinese leaders will continue to make the development of China-Africa ties a top priority in China's external relations, he said.     In recent years, top Chinese leaders have paid visits to Africa every year, he said, adding that more such trips are likely to be scheduled for this year.     Moreover, the fourth ministerial meeting of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) is scheduled to take place in Egypt in the fourth quarter of this year, with the aim of making a comprehensive assessment of the implementation of the consensus reached at the Beijing Summit of FOCAC in 2006.     In 2009, China, on the principles of sincerity and friendship, equality, mutual benefit and common development, will continue to strive to promote unity and cooperation with Africa, with emphasis on seeking ways to deepen pragmatic cooperation between the two sides, the minister said.     China will expand cooperation with African countries in infrastructure building, agriculture, telecommunications and human resources development, he said.     Yang said China attaches great importance to Africa's important role in such issues as Darfur, Zimbabwe, Somali pirates and UN Security Council reforms.     China will continue to keep close communication and coordination with Africa, strive to promote mutual understanding and mutual support, push for the peaceful settlement of relevant issues, and safeguard the common interests of developing countries, he added.