初中政治教学的创新

档案局第三季度工作计划

NANNING, March 25 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisor Jia Qinglin called for reinforced efforts to sustain steady and rapid economic development amid global financial turmoil.     He made the remarks during an inspection trip to the southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during March 20 to 25.   Jia Qinglin (C), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, meets with residents at Bashan Village in Laibin City, southwest China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, on March 20, 2009Jia warned 2009 could be "the most difficult year for China's economic development since the beginning of the 21st century."     Jia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), said the most important goal of macroeconomic control was to reverse the downward trend of economic growth. Jia Qinglin (C), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, inspects Liugong Machinery Co., Ltd. in Liuzhou, southwest China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, on March 22, 2009Trying to find ways to better cope with international financial downturn, Jia visited companies, workshops, towns and villages of ethnic Zhuang and Yao during the trip.     The country should expand domestic demand, promote innovation and economic restructuring, as well as deepen its reform and opening up, and improve people's well-being, said Jia, who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee.     He urged the local political advisory body to regard sustaining steady and rapid economic development and safeguarding social harmony and stability as their primary responsibilities.

BEIJING, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- A new entry in government-issued press cards, to be added later this month, might help many Chinese reporters persuade tight-lipped officials to talk.     The entry will say: "The governments at all levels should facilitate the reporting of journalists who hold this card and provide necessary assistance."     "Without a proper reason, government officials must not refuse to be interviewed," said Zhu Weifeng, a senior official with the General Administration of Press and Publication.     Many considered this a positive signal that the authorities welcomed supervision from the media.     The new press card statement followed a regulation on the disclosure of government information, effective last May, which was the first government rule safeguarding citizens' right to be informed.     "Media and public supervision are among the arrangements the country is making to control the power of the state and protect civil rights," said Li Yunlong, a human rights expert at the Institute for International Strategies of the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).     "How to prevent state power from infringing on civil rights is a very important issue in human rights protection," Li said.     This week, the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva conducted its first review of China's human rights record, and it acknowledged the country's efforts in human rights protection.     The country took a long and winding road to acceptance of the concept of "civil rights" but was headed in the right direction, Li said. "I have seen a trend toward increasing supervision of the authorities and more restrictions on their power."     Mo Jihong, a research follow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, saw the same trend in legislation. "The changes in the Constitution were obvious," said Mo.     China's first three Constitutions, issued respectively in 1954,in 1975 and 1978, all had a chapter on the fundamental rights and duties of citizens. But none of those versions defined "citizen," which affected the implementation of these items, he said.     The current Constitution, adopted in 1982, closed this loophole and put the chapter on citizens' rights before that of the structure of the state, he said.     "It showed the country acknowledged that the state derived its legitimacy through protecting citizens' rights, rather than by giving rights to citizens."     In 2004, an amendment to the Constitution added an article stating that the state respects and preserves human rights.     "Through the amendments, the Constitution gave more responsibility to state organs to protect civil rights," Mo said.     The country has also adopted laws to restrict the exercise of state power. In 1990, the law on litigation against the administration provided the first way for the common people to sue government departments.     Further, the law on legislation, adopted in 2000, included an article stating that only laws can limit personal freedom. This had the effect of barring any authority, except the legislature, from issuing regulations or rules to limit personal freedom.     "But the implementation of laws remained a problem," Mo said. "The authorities who enforce the laws should be carefully watched."     Li noted that China's unique culture played a role. Traditionally, Chinese seldom talk about "rights" but instead stress the concept of people's obedience to the society.     "Civil right is a concept borrowed from the West. That's why it will take time to make everyone aware of it, especially those holding power," he said.     "But we should not give up because we don't have such a tradition," he said. "China does not need to make itself a Western nation but can explore its own way based on its own culture and reality," he said.     Last year, in the wake of an increasing number of protests nationwide, the government launched a campaign requiring officials to talk with citizens and consider their requests regularly. The move proved to be an effective way to ease public anger and reduce misunderstanding.     A trial program to invite independent inspectors to detention houses in northeast Jilin Province also received acclaim as an innovation in this field.     The two-year program ended late last year. The 20 independent inspectors, who were teachers, doctors, businessmen and community workers, examined conditions in these detention houses and examined their records so as to ensure that custody procedures were in line with the law and detainees were not treated inhumanely.     "The concept of 'putting people first' raised by the present CPC leadership can be regarded as an effort to respect and protect civil rights," Li said.

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BERLIN, Feb. 25 (Xinhua) -- A Chinese business delegation, led by Commerce Minister Chen Deming, signed here on Wednesday a total of 37 procurement deals worth around 11 billion euros (14 billion U.S. dollars) with German companies.     According to Chen, the 37 deals are composed of two parts -- purchasing contracts, and cooperation agreements which need further negotiations.     The deals focus on engineering equipment, electronics and auto vehicles like Mercedes and BMW, Chen told a press conference.     A draft deal obtained by Xinhua showed that the Chinese side agreed to buy around 37,000 BMW cars and Mini worth 2.2 billion U.S. dollars, as well as 27,000 units of Mercedes cars.     Chen revealed that apart from the current 200-member delegation, China would send more entrepreneurs to Germany to discuss further investment in both countries.     Germany is one of China's important trading partners within the European Union (EU). In 2008, the Sino-German trade hit 115 billion U.S. dollars. Despite the world economic crisis, China and Germany have vowed to maintain the trade volume unchanged this year.     Prior to the deal-signing ceremony, more than 450 Chinese and German business representatives attended a forum on exploring cooperation opportunities.     Chen and German Economic Minister Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg condemned trade protectionism that has cropped out amid the global economic crisis.     Chen said the procurement deals reflect China's sincere objection to trade protectionism, adding that opening the market is the proper approach to address the global economic recession.     Guttenberg lauded China's procurement, and joined Chen to slap trade protectionism.     The 37-year-old minister said Germany and China are top two exporters in the world, noting that trade protectionism is a "wrong answer" to the current global financial crisis.     Germany and China should join hands to facilitate the Doha round talks, he added.     Later on Wednesday, the Chinese delegation, composed of over 200 business representatives, flew to Zurich of Switzerland to continue their procurement tour.

BEIJING, Feb. 8 (Xinhua) -- China's state assets watchdog will closely watch over projects implemented by state-owned enterprises(SOEs) in the country's massive stimulus package to prevent corruption, an official said here Sunday.     The State-owned Assets Supervision and Management Commission (SASAC) will strictly look into the progress and fund use of projects by SOEs directly under the central government, said the SASAC director Li Rongrong.     Many projects are estimated to see over tens of millions of yuan put in, making it a more important task to fend off corruption, he said at an SOE meeting on disciplinary inspection work.     China unveiled a stimulus package with a total investment of 4 trillion yuan (586 billion U.S. dollars) in November to boost domestic demand and offset the world economic slowdown.     Of the total, 100 billion yuan had been allocated by the central government by the end of last year.     Li said inspectors will particularly focus on projects in such sectors as power grids, telecommunications, transportation, equipment, construction and metallurgy.     The SASAC will also check whether the projects cause environmental hazards, consume too much energy and resources or result in excessive capacity, said Li.     A total of 4,960 Chinese officials above the county level were punished in a year ending November 2008, data show. They were involved in corruption and commercial bribes, hurting people's interests.

BEIJING, March 14 (Xinhua) -- China will foster a number of globally competitive logistics companies by 2011, said a stimulus plan of the country's logistics industry released on the government website on Friday.     All departments and local governments are urged to make efforts to achieve the goal, according to the plan, issued by the State Council, or the cabinet.     It said local authorities should help logistics companies solve problems in their development, realize a 10-percent annual growth in their output and lower the proportion of logistics expenses in the country's GDP.     The cabinet said in a notice that the country's logistics industry was affected by the unfolding global financial crisis. The stimulus plan was designated not only to promote its industrial upgrade but support development of other industries, expand consumption and increase employment.     As a composite service industry, logistics, comprising transport, storage, information industries and freight agencies, is an important part of national economy, said the plan.     The cabinet has rolled out support plans for ten industries including steel, auto and textile, targeting industrial growth, as well as restructuring and upgrading.

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BEIJING, April 16 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao and his Kazakh counterpart Nursultan Nazarbayev held talks in Beijing Thursday afternoon.     The heads of states agreed to deepen bilateral cooperation in all fields and join hands to tackle the challenge of international financial crisis. After the talks, Hu and Nazarbayev signed a joint declaration and witnessed the signing of 10 agreements on cooperation in the fields of transport, education, agriculture and telecommunications. Chinese President Hu Jintao(R) shakes hands with Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev in Beijing, China, April 16, 2009.    President Hu said the strategic partnership between China and Kazakhstan had maintained a fast growth in recent years. The two countries have maintained frequent high-level contacts, political mutual trust, expansion of practical cooperation and good collaboration within the multilateral frameworks. Chinese President Hu Jintao(L) and Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev review honor guards at the welcoming ceremony in honor of Kazakhstan's President in Beijing, China, April 16, 2009. Hu expressed gratitude to Kazakhstan for supporting China on such major issues as Taiwan, Tibet and the holding of Beijing Olympics and Paralympics.     Nazarbayev said Kazakhstan values the development of friendly and cooperative relations with China. He said China has raised its status in the international community by successfully holding the Olympic Games and launching the Shenzhou-7 spacecraft.     He said the effective measures taken by the Chinese government to cope with the global financial crisis have benefited not only the Chinese economy, but also the world economic growth.     Hu said the Chinese government always gives priority to developing the strategic partnership with Kazakhstan. Hu suggested that the two countries should work on four areas.     Firstly, Hu said the two countries should continue to enhance high-level contact, improve cooperative mechanism and deepen political links. The leaders of the two countries should maintain close contact. The governments of the two countries should give full play to the role of China-Kazakhstan Cooperation Committee to increase communication and coordination. The parliaments and political parties of the two countries should carry out exchanges in various forms on the experience of governing their respective countries.     Secondly, the two countries should utilize the complementarity of their economies to deepen cooperation in such fields as economy, trade, energy, resources and finance to achieve common development. The two sides should further optimize trade structure, expand the scale of bilateral trade, work together to build major energy and resources projects and non-resources projects, and accelerate infrastructure construction at border areas.     Thirdly, the two countries should promote cultural exchanges and cooperation. China is ready to deepen cooperation with Kazakhstan in culture, education, health, tourism and sports. He said the two countries should encourage non-governmental organizations, media and youth organizations to expand contact and enhance friendship.     Fourthly, the two countries should deepen security cooperation and join hands to tackle various challenges. He said China will continue to strengthen coordination and cooperation with Kazakhstan within such multilateral frameworks as the United Nations, Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia. He said the two countries should join effort to strike trans-border organized crimes and the evil forces of separatism, terrorism and extremism so as to safeguard peace, stability and security of the two countries and the whole region.     Nazarbayev fully agreed with Hu's suggestion, saying under the current situation, Kazakhstan is ready to strengthen its strategic partnership with China. He expressed the willingness to expand bilateral cooperation in trade, energy, transport, agriculture, finance and telecommunications.     He said the two countries should continue to step up cooperation in multilateral arena, especially within the frameworks of the United Nations, Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia.     He said the two countries will work together to fight against the three evil forces of separatism, terrorism and extremism to maintain peace and stability in the region and the world over.     Nazarbayev reiterated that Kazakhstan supports China's stance on the issues of Taiwan and Tibet. It supports China to safeguard sovereignty and territorial integrity.     Before the talks, President Hu hold a welcome ceremony for President Nazarbayev at the Great Hall of the People.

CHANGSHA, March 30 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang on Monday called for faster construction of affordable housing.     "In the affordable housing projects lie the immediate interests of the people, especially low-income families," said Li at a working conference on the issue in Changsha, capital of the central Hunan Province.     He said affordable homes could increase investment and stimulate consumption, and were an important measure to deal with the global financial crisis and to maintain economic growth.     The government has pledged that 7.5 million affordable homes will be provided in cities, and 2.4 million in forest districts, reclamation areas, and coal-mining regions by the end of 2011. This year, 2.6 million urban and 800,000 rural homes would be built. Another 800,000 rural homes in poor condition will be renovated.

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MOSCOW, March 22 (Xinhua) -- Top think tanks from Russia and China discussed a wide range of security issues of common concern at a two-day seminar that ended here Sunday.     participants at the seminar exchanged ideas on world economic and political trend, the situation in Central Asia, and prospects for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) under the global security framework.     The seminar, "Russia and China in a new era," was co-chaired by China Institute for International Strategic Studies (CIISS) and Russian Council for Foreign and Defense Policy (CFDP).     Xiong Guangkai, chairman of the CIISS, and Sergei Karaganov, head of the CFDP, attended the meeting.     Participants in the meeting agreed that the current world is ata stage of profound change and major readjustment. The ongoing financial crisis has led to greater instability in global and regional situation. Yet, the world will continue to move towards multi-polarization despite emerging complexities in global situation.     Both sides believed that safeguarding security and stability in Central Asia serves the common strategic interests of China and Russia, and is also a necessity for deepening the two countries' strategic cooperation.     They also agreed the SCO, as a new organization of regional security cooperation, not only accords with fundamental interests of all the SCO members, but also contributes to regional and global peace and security. China and Russia shall strengthen understanding, trust and cooperation to ensure the sound development of the SCO.     As a national, nongovernmental institute on global issues, the CIISS keeps in touch with about 100 institutions from over 50 countries and regions across the world. The CFDP is Russia's famed think tank closely associated with several departments of Russian government and legislature.

HAIKOU, April 5 (Xinhua) -- Traffic had been resumed on Sunday on the highway that had been flooded by collapse of a small reservoir on March 27, in south China's Hainan Province, local authorities said.     The Wanning section of the province's eastern expressway had been resumed in both directions at 8:00 p.m. after nine days of reconstruction work, said an official with the provincial Communication Department.     The Bofeng reservoir, with a designed water storage capacity of1.02 million cubic meters, collapsed at about 10 p.m. in Xinglong Town, Wanning City.     The ensuing floods washed out a slip road to the province's eastern expressway and swept away two cars, injuring three people in the vehicles.     The water also inundated 20 hectares of farmland and caused slight damage to three riverside houses.     The municipal water conservancy administration had claimed that only 100,000 cubic meters of water burst from the reservoir. However, Chen Xingzhang, secretary of the CPC municipal committee of Wanning, doubted its credibility.     Vehicles had to detour around the flooded road over the past days.     The reservoir was being reinforced at the time of the accident. An investigation showed that workers of a company in charge of the project exploded part of the cofferdam before the water dropped to the safety level, which led to the collapse. The scheme had no approval from authorities at the time.     The construction contractor, Hongda Water Conservancy Projects Co, Ltd., based in Henan Province, and the project supervising company, Hainan Institute of Water Conservancy and Power Construction Survey and Design, were banned from carrying out further business in the city.     Police have detained four project workers in connection with alleged safety violations that led to the collapse in the province, the local Communist Party of China (CPC) committee said Monday.     Chen Ruchuan, former head of the water conservancy administration of Wanning City, and two deputy heads, were also sacked from their posts Monday, according to the Wanning municipal committee of the CPC.     The local government has been working on a plan to compensate people affected in the accident.