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寒假学作文（一）

LIMA, Nov. 22 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao said here Saturday that the central government would take effective measures to help Hong Kong to ward off the impact of the global financial crisis, safeguard the stability of financial markets and boost economic growth.     Hu made the remarks during a meeting with Donald Tsang, chief executive of the the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) of China.     Hu expressed his belief that as long as the HKSAR government and people from all circles could be united, the region would maintain its long-term prosperity and stability.     Donald Tsang briefed the president on his government's efforts in dealing with the current financial crisis and voiced his appreciation for the central government's support to Hong Kong. Chinese President Hu Jintao (2nd R) and his wife Liu Yongqing (1st R) meet with Donald Tsang Yam-kuen (2nd L), chief executive of China's Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and his wife Selina Tsang in Lima, capital of Peru, Nov. 22, 2008. Hu Jintao and Donald Tsang Yam-kuen are in Lima to attend the Economic Leaders' Informal Meeting of the APEC forum slated for Nov. 22-23.    The HKSAR government would continue to make efforts to safeguard the financial and economic stability in the region, the Hong Kong chief said.     Hu also said China went through a lot of big events and difficulties this year, in which Hong Kong compatriots always stood together and shared weal and woe with the people on the mainland.     Hu spoke highly of the disaster-relief efforts provided by the Hong Kong SAR government and people after the May. 12 earthquake to southwest China's Sichuan Province, saying that they had made contributions to the success of China's quake-relief work.     The president said Hong Kong has also successfully completed the task of co-organizing the equestrian competition event of the 2008 Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games.     The central government would always support Hong Kong and Macao SAR in coping with and overcoming various difficulties, President Hu told the Hong Kong chief.     Both Hu and Tsang are in the Peruvian capital of Lima to attend the 16th Economic Leaders' Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).

BEIJING, Dec. 1 -- Amid the coupling effects of shrinking global demand and rising operating costs, it has been a dramatic upheaval this year for domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) after China started its reforms 30 years ago.    Even as the scene appears a bit scary, there is still a ray of hope if only entrepreneurs note the writing on the wall and go all out to cut costs before they raise the clamor for a bailout.Two women make beds on a production line of the small private firm Nangang Shoemaking Factory in Foshan, Guangdong province.In the first half of 2008, much before the world saw the capital markets going topsy turvy amid the global economic slowdown, over 67,000 SMEs in China went bankrupt, while more than 10,000 labor-intensive textile enterprises downed shutters, according to figures from the Department of SMEs under the National Development and Reform Commission.    In October, 714 companies were closed in Dongguan in Guangdong province, home to over 60,100 private companies and a major manufacturing center in China.     "We will see more companies closing in the coming months, with the figure likely to cross 1,000 after Christmas," says Dongguan Deputy Mayor Jiang Ling.     Most of the international buyers of Chinese products failed to get letters of credit in October leading to significant cancellations of Christmas orders, says Frank FX. Gong, chief China economist at JPMorgan Securities (Asia Pacific) Limited in a recent report. "Indeed, 'things suddenly ceased' was the common comment we heard on the ground lately," he says.     But for some like Luo Chun, sales director of tin box maker Dongguan Tinpak Co, the freeze on Christmas orders has not yet meant closing. Luo says overseas order fell by 10 percent from June to October, normally the peak time for Christmas orders.

Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (C) speaks during the conclusion session of the national conference of economic planners, in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 14, 2008.     BEIJING, Dec. 15 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang stressed the importance of maintaining stable and healthy economic growth through domestic demand expansion and economic restructuring on Sunday.     Addressing a national conference of economic planners concluded here Sunday, Li said China's economy was in face of a grim situation due to the global financial crisis, but the fundamentals and long-term trend of the country's economic development were unchanged.     The economic development was the foundation for solving all problems, Li said, noting that as the central government had pointed out, priority should be given to maintaining stable and relatively fast economic growth next year.     This would be achieved through expanding domestic demand, restructuring the economy and transforming the growth pattern, Li said. All would ultimately target improving people's living standard. The national conference of economic planners concludes in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 14, 2008. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang attended the conclusion session of the conference.     He urged local governments to encourage social investment to sustain economic growth, take measures to maintain stable growth in export and step up studies on the global economy to enhance capacities for prevision.     Economic restructuring was an effective way to deal with current global financial crisis, Li said, adding that efforts should be made to ensure employment, improve people's living conditions and encourage technological innovation.     He emphasized the importance of developing the tertiary industry which could absorb large amounts of workers and energy-saving industries which could sustain the country's growth.     He urged the authorities to let the market play a fundamental role in the allocation of resources and step up innovation in corporate management.

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BEIJING, Oct. 22 (Xinhua) -- China called on Vietnam for cooperation in the South China Sea to discover ways to address bilateral disputes over the region.     In a meeting here with visiting Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung on Wednesday, Chinese President Hu Jintao proposed the two neighboring countries always keep the overall situation of the bilateral relations in mind and make efforts to strengthen bilateral efforts and properly settle the issues concerning the South China Sea.     "We should make it (South China Sea) a place of peace, cooperation and friendship," Hu said.     Nguyen said Vietnam would insist on the negotiation for the peaceful and lasting resolution of the issue and reduce the differences based on mutual trust, respect and understanding. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) meets with visiting Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Oct. 22, 2008. Nguyen Tan Dung was here for an official visit and to attend the Seventh Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM7) scheduled for Oct. 24-25    Vietnam was willing to resolve disputes with China concerning the issue in a spirit of cooperation and brotherhood and to cement the bilateral ties in the South China Sea in fields such as oil and natural gas exploration, environmental protection, marine rescue mission and in combating against piracy, he noted.     Nguyen arrived in China on October 20 at the invitation of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao. He will attend the Seventh Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM7) here on Oct. 24-25.

LUANDA, Jan. 19 (Xinhua) -- China's eight-measure policy designed to strengthen economic and trade cooperation with Africa has been effectively carried out with remarkable achievements in the past two years, Chinese Minister of Commerce Chen Deming said Monday.     In an exclusive interview with Xinhua, Chen said remarkable achievements have been scored in the two-way economic relations and trade cooperation between China and African since Chinese President Hu Jintao announced the eight-measure African policy at the Beijing Summit of the China-African Cooperation Forum in 2006 in Beijing.     The policy covers China's assistance to Africa, preferential loans and credits, the building of a conference center for the African Union, the canceling of debts, further opening-up of China's markets to Africa, the establishment of trade and economic cooperation zones in Africa, and the training of African professionals.     Since 2007, China has signed bilateral aid accords with 48 African countries and loan agreements with favorable terms with 22African countries, Chen said.     The year 2009 will witness a 200-percent increase in aid accords with African countries in value terms as compared to 2006,the minister said.     Meanwhile, the Chinese government will exempt 168 debts that should be paid by the end of 2005 by 33 African countries, he noted.     To encourage Chinese enterprises to invest in Africa, the Chinese government has established the China-Africa Fund with an initial allocation of 1 billion dollars, Chen said.     By the end of 2008, the China-Africa Fund had invested about 400 million dollars in 20 projects, which brought the total investment in Africa by Chinese enterprises to about 2 billion dollars.     The Chinese side plans to gradually expand the fund to 5 billion dollars, Chen said.     In addition, the construction of economic and trade zones or duty free trade zones in Africa is progressing smoothly, including the Zambia-China Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone, the Guangdong Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone in Nigeria and the Lekky Duty Free Trade Zone in Lagos, Nigeria, the Egypt-Suez Economic and Trade Zone and Ethiopian Orient Industrial Park, the minister said.     The Zambia-China Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone, as China's first trade cooperation zone in Africa, has been initially completed and put into operation, Chen said.     Ten Chinese enterprises with a combined investment of more than700 million dollars have set up plants in the zone located in the Zambian capital of Lusaka, offering some 3,500 jobs for local people, he noted.     Zambian President Rupiah Banda spoke highly of the establishment of the Zambia-China Economic and Trade Zone, as well as China's eight-measure economic policy on Africa. Like the Tanzania-Zambia Railway, the Zambian president said, the zone is a key measure symbolizing the Sino-African friendship in a new era.     To expand imports from the most underdeveloped African countries, China has exempted import tariffs from 31 African countries on farm products, stone materials, minerals, leather and hide, textiles, clothing, electric appliances and machinery and equipment, Chen said.     The African countries have gained a total of 680 million dollars in tariff exemptions during the period from 2006 to October 2008.     China has also cooperated in training African scientists and technical personnel in sectors including agriculture, medical care, social development and education.     Since 2007, China has offered training programs for 10,916 people from 49 African countries. By the end of 2009 China will send 100 advanced-level agrotechnicians to 35 African countries, Chen said.     China plans to establish 14 agricultural technology demonstration centers, all of which will begin construction by the end of this year.     Meanwhile, about half of the hospitals that China pledged to help build in Africa have already finished construction bidding, Chen noted.     The construction of the African Union Conference Center, also a Chinese aid project, began last December and is scheduled to be completed in 2011, he said.     Chen was scheduled to leave Angola for China on Monday, wrapping up a three-nation African trip that also took him to Kenya and Zambia.

BRUSSELS, Jan. 29 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao arrived in Brussels on Thursday evening for an official visit to the European Union (EU) headquarters.     The premier was welcomed at the Brussels international airport by European Commission officials, Belgian Foreign Ministry officials, officials of the Chinese mission to the EU and the Chinese embassy in Belgium, as well as Chinese students studying in Belgium.     In a written statement distributed to the press upon his arrival, Wen said the world is undergoing profound changes with a volatile international situation, more regional conflicts and a spreading financial crisis.     In this context, to enhance dialogue, promote consultations and deepen cooperation is in the interests of both China and the EU, and in line with the trend of the times, which is for peace, stability and development, he said.     Wen said he is looking forward to having frank and in-depth exchange of views with EU leaders on China-EU relations, on how to jointly deal with the global financial crisis, and on other international and regional issues of common concern.     "I hope and believe that this visit, as an important trip of confidence, will enhance the confidence of China and the EU in their future relations and in practical and mutually beneficial cooperation. I also hope and believe that this visit will enhance the confidence of the international community in the all-round strategic partnership between China and the EU," he said.     During his two-day visit in Brussels, Wen is scheduled to hold talks with European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso. He will also meet EU foreign and security policy chief Javier Solana.     Brussels is the third leg of Wen's European tour after Switzerland, where he attended the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos, and Germany. The trip will also take him to Spain and Britain.

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BEIJING, Oct. 19 (Xinhua) -- China will adopt a flexible and prudent macro-control policy to keep a stable and rapid economic development in the current fourth quarter, according to the State Council here on Sunday.     Related financial, credit and foreign trade measures will be carried out in the near future in response to the slowing trend of the country's economic growth and the continuous fluctuation in the domestic capital market amid the ongoing global financial crisis, according to a State Council meeting presided over by Premier Wen Jiabao on Sunday.     Agriculture continued to be a priority, with multiple support policies to come following the Communist Party of China Central Committee's decision to strengthen rural development this week.     To boost development of small- and medium-sized enterprises, the government planned to widen their investment channels by further encouraging financial institutions to give out more loans. Companies would also get more fiscal support for technology innovation.     In addition, the country would reinforce national investment in areas such as the southwest quake-zone reconstruction, infrastructure development and social welfare system, among others.     With regard to the foreign trade sector, the State Council, China's Cabinet, decided to increase imports of goods of domestic need and support the country's exports so as to realize the balance of international payments.     "We will further raise the export rebate of labour-intensive products such as garments and textiles, as well as mechanical and electrical products with high-added value," the council said.     In addition, the country's top administrative body would still keep a cautious eye on price increases with a focus on agricultural and energy related goods.     The advent of September's tainted milk scandal had also prompted the central government to pay closer attention to food safety in the fourth quarter. Regulations on dairy product quality and safety, which took effect earlier this month, would be further reinforced, according to the council decision.     While acknowledging the affect of the worldwide economic slowdown on the domestic economy, the Cabinet still expressed confidence for the nation to continue a healthy development.     "Our economy remains vigorous and has the capability to defend itself against international risks," Premier Wen Jiabao said at a State Council meeting on Friday.

LIBREVILLE, Nov. 6 (Xinhua) -- Chinese top legislator Wu Bangguo on Thursday afternoon began an official visit to Gabon on the second leg of his five-nation Africa tour.     In a written statement released at the airport upon his arrival, Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, highlighted the rapid growth of the China-Gabon relations in the past 34 years since the two nations forged the diplomatic relations, noting that the purpose of his visit is to promote the bilateral ties to a higher level. Wu Bangguo (L, Front), Chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, is welcomed by President of Gabon's National Assembly Guy Nzouba Ndama as he arrives at Libreville, capital of Gabon, Nov. 6, 2008    Wu is scheduled to meet with Gabonese President El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba, Prime Minister and Chief of Government Jean Eyeghe Ndong, Speaker of Senate Rene Radembino Coniquet and hold talks with the President of Gabonese Parliament Guy Nzouba Ndama to exchange views on bilateral relations and other regional and international issues of common concern.     The two sides are also expected to sign a series of economic and trade agreements.     Wu arrived here after he concluded his official visit to Algeria. After Gabon, he will also visit Ethiopia, Madagascar and Seychelles.

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BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- Accountability became a vogue word in Chinese politics in 2008, highlighted by the resignation of the chief quality supervisor.     Li Changjiang, former director of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, stepped down in September in the tainted milk scandal, days after the resignation of Shanxi Governor Meng Xuenong following a deadly landslide triggered by the collapse of an illegal mining dump.     Many junior officials also swallowed the bitter pills of penalties and resignations. In early December, the director of the construction bureau of Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei Province, was removed from his post after six bureau officials were found gambling during work time.     Officials were even punished for dozing in meetings, such as 12local officials in Shaanxi Province, who were reprimanded in June.     "The accountability system has been taken to a new high, which reflects the method of administration as stipulated in the keynote report of the 17th Party congress," said Wu Zhongmin of the Party School of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee.     "The party underlines the idea of people first, so it is not unusual that officials are punished after public interests are infringed," Wu said.     Chinese media have used the word "storm" to describe the wave of cases in which officials were punished over accountability -- often indirect -- in accidents and scandals this year. Such events were rare in the past decade.     In southwestern Yunnan Province, 864 officials have been punished so far this year, while at least 279 in the northeastern Jilin Province have been punished since last November.     "A storm is powerful, and the accountability storm shows the country's determination to run the party and government properly," said Han Yu, professor in the Party School of the CPC Hebei Provincial Committee.     The storm also shows the power of public opinion, Han added. "There should be someone held responsible for serious infringement of public interests."     China activated the official accountability system during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crisis in 2003. More than1,000 officials, including then Health Minister Zhang Wenkang and Beijing Mayor Meng Xuenong, were ousted for attempts to cover up the epidemic or incompetence in SARS prevention and control.     The system was later introduced at all levels of government, and more officials lost their jobs over major accidents or administrative errors.     Just days before Li's resignation, President Hu Jintao, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, reprimanded "some officials" over work and food safety accidents this year.     These accidents indicated that some cadres lacked a sense of responsibility and had loose governance, and some paid no attention to people's complaints and were even insensitive to life-threatening problems, Hu said.     As early as in May, a father complained about tainted milk powder after his 13-year-old daughter developed kidney stones, and the Department of Health of Gansu Province in July received a report implying problematic milk powder produced by the Sanlu Group headquartered in Shijiazhuang city.     However, the scandal was covered up until September. The Ministry of Health has said it was likely the contamination killed six babies. Another 294,000 infants suffered from urinary problems such as kidney stones.     Premier Wen Jiabao said development of enterprises and the economy should not be achieved at the cost of lives and public health, and he vowed to punish officials for major incidents.     Conditions could be tougher for officials in the future, as the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection said in late December that authorities are drafting rules to intensify the accountability system.

BEIJING, Nov. 28 (Xinhua) -- The Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee convened a meeting here on Friday, analyzing and studying the economic work of next year and setting out major tasks.     The meeting said that this year has been eventful and the country has risen to many daunting challenges, including the global financial crisis and domestic natural disasters. The economy has maintained a stable and relatively fast growth and society has been stable, which are hard-won achievements, it said.     The meeting, chaired by CPC Central Committee General Secretary Hu Jintao, warned that the worsening global financial crisis would have more impact on China's economic development, urging the country to take more precautionary measures to meet the challenges.     The meeting said that next year, which marks the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China, the nation should boost domestic demand for a stable and relatively fast economic growth, accelerate the transformation of development patterns and structure adjustment for sustainable development, deepen the reform and opening-up drive and solve problems that concern the people's interests for a healthy and rapid economic and social development.     Maintaining a stable and relatively fast economic development should be the foremost task for next year's economic work, it said, urging a better combination of ensuring growth, boosting domestic demand and adjusting structure.     An "active" fiscal policy and "moderately loose" monetary policy should be continued, and measures including tax reduction and increasing central government investment should be taken to safeguard the people's livelihood, stimulate domestic demand and transform development patterns, it said.     Consumption, rural consumption in particular, should be actively boosted and a set of major projects on livelihood, infrastructure and environment protection should be launched.     The position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy should be strengthened and agriculture production be boosted, it said.     The stable growth of foreign trade should also be maintained.     Structural adjustment should be accelerated, including developing the high-tech industry, small and medium-sized enterprises, the service sector and coordinating regional development.     More progress should be made on energy saving and emissions reduction and pollution treatment be stepped up, the meeting urged.     Rural reform and financial reform should be deepened, and people's livelihood should be improved and more jobs be created, it said.     The meeting also agreed in principle suggestions on judicial reform by the CPC Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission.     The reform should meet the judiciary needs of the people and aim at promoting social harmony, beef up measures to tighten the restraint on and supervision over the use of power, and remove barriers that hamper justice, it said.