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In the hall of the so-called "Tibetan government in exile" in Dharamsala, India, there is a large map of the supposed "greater Tibet area".The area covers the Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province, one-fifth of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, one-third of Gansu Province, two-thirds of Sichuan Province and one-fourth of Yunnan Province, spanning about 2.4 million sq km and nearly a quarter of China's territory.Holidaymakers take photos with digital cameras near the Potala Palace in Lhasa, the Tibet Autonomous Region. [China Daily] The ** Lama has advocated a "high degree of autonomy" for Tibet in such a geographic scope and made it a preliminary condition for any negotiation with the central government. But such an idea is totally absurd for three major reasons.First, the distribution and the layout of the Tibetan population and the administrative divisions were formed during the long process of historical development; there is no historical basis for an administrative division such as "greater Tibet area".Archaeological excavation and documentation show the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area has long been inhabited and has a diversified culture.In the Sui Dynasty (AD 581-618) and the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907), the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was an area cohabited by different ethnic groups.The regime of Tubo Kingdom (AD 629-840) coexisted with others such as the Tang Dynasty, Uighur and Nanzhao, in a territory cohabited by various ethnic groups and tribes.The headquarters and the main area of jurisdiction of the Tubo Kingdom basically constitutes the Tibet Autonomous Region today while other dependent territory is the region inhabited or cohabited by various ethnic groups.During the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), three chief military commands (three Pacification Commissioner's Offices) were established in areas with Tibetan traditions, namely U-Tsang Ngari, Amdo and Lhams, the divisions of which were carried out in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and laid the base for the administrative division of today's Tibet and other Tibetan administrative divisions.The Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) further defined the boundary between Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan. In 1731 the Qing government divided the border of the areas under the jurisdiction of the grand minister resident of Tibet and the grand minister superintendent of Xining. The administrative division of Tibet has not changed much since.Second, the so-called administrative region of "greater Tibet area" is a historical product of the invasion by imperial powers. From 1913 to 1914, the British-instigated Simla Conference was held, which brought up the concept of the so-called "greater Tibet area" - that the territory of Tibet covers part of Xinjiang to the south of Kunlun Mountains and the Anding Tower, the whole of Qinghai Province, the western areas of Gansu and Sichuan provinces, and Dajianlu and Adunzi in the northwest of Yunnan Province.When this was rejected by the representative of the Chinese government, Britain proposed again to divide the Tibetan-inhabited areas of China into inner Tibet and outer Tibet. The former referred to the small parts in Yunnan, Qinghai and Xikang, where the central government would enjoy dominion; outer Tibet included U-Tsang, Ngari and most of Xikang, which was to be governed by the Tibetans themselves.This shows that from the very beginning, the so-called "greater Tibet area" has been a separatist plot. Even the weak Northern Warlords government of China saw through the imperialist trick to split China and refused to sign the convention. How will Chinese people today allow the government to accept such an imposition?Third, there is no possibility for realization of an administrative region such as "greater Tibet area". Since the New China was founded, the central government, on the one side, has followed historical divisions, and on the other, according to the requirements of the Constitution and the Law of Regional Autonomy for Ethnic Minorities, considered the various factors for the economic, political and cultural development of the Tibetan-inhabited areas to establish eight Tibetan autonomous prefectures, one Mongolian and Tibetan autonomous prefecture, one Tibetan and Qiang autonomous prefecture, two Tibetan autonomous counties and the Tibet Autonomous Region through full discussion of people's representatives from various regions.In the past half-century, as the administrative divisions were well set, the system of regional autonomy for ethnic minorities has been gradually improved and guaranteed the equal rights of Tibetans and other ethnic groups living in the region.It has promoted national unity and social economic development and given full support by the Tibetan people and other ethnic groups.The ** Lama, however, has been insisting on the establishment of a political entity in Tibetan-inhabited areas to build an "alliance" relationship with China, requiring all other ethnic groups to move out of the so-called "greater Tibet area" and millions of people to give up their ancestral homes.This is not only an attempt to change the current relation between the central and the local government, but also a move to implement ethnic discrimination and ethnic cleansing. We must learn from the slaughters and bloodshed caused by ethnic conflicts and disputes the world over.Then why does the ** Lama insist on this groundless and impossible concept of "greater Tibet area"? There are at least two reasons. One is that many of the Tibetan people exiled with the ** Lama in 1959 are from Tibetan areas outside the Tibet Autonomous Region. The ** Lama needs to set a common illusion of "a united, independent and free Tibet" to buy these people's support. The other reason is that the claim was designed by their foreign bosses and they, as their flunkies, dare not disobey it.The ** Lama and his followers in his "government in exile" have often expressed their recognition of the Simla Conference. Therefore, the so-called "greater Tibet area" in essence is "semi-independent" or in "disguised independence", which aims to serve the open and complete "Tibet Independence" and disunite a quarter of China's territory in future.But the ** Lama and his alike do not really understand that the political claims they make against historical development and reality to please their foreign bosses, no matter under what splendid banners, are only "medieval fantasies" that go against the time and the interests of Tibetan people as well as people of all ethnic groups in China. The Chinese government will not be fooled!

BEIJING -- China will continue to spend more on education next year and spread the free nine-year compulsory education to urban children, said finance minister Xie Xuren.The government would continue to improve the funding system to guarantee free nine-year compulsory education currently enjoyed by 150 million rural children, while spreading it to their urban counterparts next year, Xie told an annual conference of the Ministry of Finance in BeijingStarting from the spring term, China would increase the funding for free textbooks used for the national compulsory courses, and the local governments would provide more money for free textbooks for local compulsory courses, he said. Local governments would also provide scholarships to cover the living costs of boarding students from poor families. The central government would provide half of the education funding for areas in Central and West China, while provincial governments in those areas would cover the rest of the costs.Local governments in East China would provide all education fees with some supplementary funding from the central government.Xie said the government would issue new standards for per capita expenditure of students in primary and middle schools, and put those standards into effect within the next two years.He said the allowance for maintenance and refurbishing of rural schools in Central and West China would also be raised with special financial support to high-altitude and cold areas.In addition, the government would continue free education for students taking courses for teaching careers at normal schools and provide scholarships for poor undergraduates and students at vocational schools.According to Xie, the first 11 months saw  557.8 billion yuan (about 74.3 billion US dollars) of fiscal expenditure used for education, up 32.7 percent compared with the same period last year.As a result of the implementation of scholarships for the poor, about four million college students and 16 million secondary vocational school students had benefited.

The Ministry of Agriculture on Monday confirmed a bird flu outbreak in South China's Guangzhou, which began with the mass deaths of ducks on September 5.The outbreak was confirmed as a sub-type of H5N1 bird flu by the National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory, according to the ministry.It said 36,130 ducks had been culled as of September 17, after farmers in Sixian Village and Xinzao Township in the Panyu district of Guangzhou reported the deaths of their ducks on September 5.The agriculture ministry and the Guangdong provincial government immediately implemented an emergency plan to deal with the outbreak and the ministry said the outbreak has been brought under control.It also said no further deaths of fowl have been reported in the Panyu district or nearby areas.The last reported case of H5N1 bird flu in China occurred on May 19 at Shijiping Village in Yiyang City of Hunan Province, which killed more than 11,000 poultry with another 52,800 birds culled.China has reported a total of 25 human cases of bird flu since 2003, which have resulted in 16 deaths.

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BEIJING -- For the first time in its history, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has mentioned the word "religion" in an amendment to its Constitution adopted on Sunday at the closing session of the 17th CPC National Congress.To incorporate into its Constitution the principles and policies the Party has formulated for guiding efforts to strengthen the work related to ethnic and religious affairs, among others, is conducive to their full implementation and getting better results in the Party's work in this area, said a resolution on the amendment to the Constitution.It said the insertion has been made in light of the new circumstances and tasks.The CPC is atheistic but allows freedom of religious beliefs. China is home to 100 million religious faithful, largely Buddhists, Taoists, Christians, Catholics and Islamites"The Party's secret in handling well China's religious issues lies in its principles and policies," said Ye Xiaowen, director of the State Administration of Religious Affairs. "Their insertion in the Party Constitution shows the Party is sincere, and capable, of its implementation of policies on the freedom of religious beliefs. "He said religious problems are reported in many parts of the world. "But in China we enjoy peace and quiet because we have the established policies and principles."With the new elaboration on religious work, Ye said the Party is determined to enhance the active role of the religious circle and faithful in boosting social and economic development."I learned of the amendment on the Internet and was inspired," said Living Buddha Dainzin Qoizha in the Shannan Prefecture of southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region. He's been watching the week-long Party congress on the Internet.Dainzin Qoizha is a government employee in Shannan. More than half of his colleagues are CPC members."I'm on very good terms with them," he said. "As a non- Communist, I'm in charge of ethnic and religious work. The prefecture's Party committee is very supportive."Hao Peng, vice Party chief in Tibet, described the relations between the Party and the religious faithful as "united, cooperative and mutual respectful".Tibet currently has more than 1,700 religious sites, 46,000 monks and nuns and more than 30 living Buddhas whose reincarnation has been recognized by the central or regional governments.At least 600 Tibetan Buddhist faithful are working at local legislatures, political advisory bodies, administrations of religious affairs and state-owned businesses and institutions.The CPC's tenet of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, featuring prosperity, democracy, cultural advancement and harmony, reflect the common aspirations of Tibet's religious faithful, said Zhukang Tubdankezhub, president of the Tibetan branch of the Buddhist Association of China.As the host country of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, China has pledged to offer religious services for foreigners arriving for the Games."A large number of religious faithful will be arriving for the Games," Ye Xiaowen told reporters at a news conference on the sidelines of the 17th Party congress.He said China is working on religious facilities at its Olympic venues with the help of the International Olympic Committee and referring to the practices at previous Games. "Our religious services will be up to previous standards."Ye also dismissed allegations that China restricted the printing and sale of Bibles, which he said receive state subsidies and other preferential policies.China, with 16 million Protestant Christians, has printed 42 million Bibles, he said. 

Land authorities in six Chinese cities including Beijing have illegally charged 1.1 billion yuan (US6.7 million) on enterprises so far this year, adding fuel to the nation's soaring housing prices. This was discovered by the National Development and Reform Commission, China's top planning body, during examinations of charges on businesses in Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Jinan, Guangzhou, Chengdu and Xi'an, the Beijing News said Saturday. The amount was well beyond the total illegal charges collected by eight departments for the whole year of 2006, said Li Lei, head of NDRC's Price Supervision Department. Quoting estimates by the land authorities, which say land costs account for 20 percent to 50 percent of the housing prices, Li said the behavior of these authorities has made the runaway housing prices worse. Despite by rounds after rounds of government curbs including restrictions on housing ownership by foreigners, housing prices have rocketed in China over the last few years, to the agony of ordinary people. Land authorities are not alone in overcharging enterprises. The commission found in May that urban construction departments have overcharged 216 million yuan (US.8 million) from construction firms. "The illegal charges have added fuel to the rising house price, " Li said. The housing prices in 70 large- and medium-sized cities in China went up by 7.1 percent in June over the same period last year, according to official statistics.

Joseph Li Shan was ordained on Friday as the new Catholic bishop of Beijing, filling the vacancy left by the late Bishop Michael Fu Tieshan who passed away in April.Father Li Shan, the new Catholic bishop of Beijing, walks out of the Southern Catholic Church following the appointment ceremony in Beijing, September 21, 2007. [Reuters]Li, 42, was appointed to the influential post at a ceremony in the city's 400-year-old Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception at Xuanwumen, Xicheng District in Beijing.The ceremony began with a procession of seminarians, nuns, priests and bishops, including ordaining prelate John Fang Xingyao from Linyi Diocese in East China's Shandong Province, and bishops from other major dioceses in China, who were serving as coordinating prelates.During the ceremony, Li took a traditional oath of service to the church, which has 50,000 followers in Beijing.He also promised to "lead all the priests, seminarians and nuns of this diocese in adhering to the nation's Constitution and maintaining national unification and social stability".Representatives from the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association and the Bishops' Conference of the Chinese Catholic Church, as well as more than 70 priests and more than 1,000 worshippers attended the ceremony.Proceedings were broadcast to those outside via loudspeaker and closed-circuit television.Overseas media reported earlier that Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone described Father Li as a "good and qualified" candidate after his election by the Beijing diocese in July."We welcome the attitude of the Vatican. It signals progress in our relationship," Liu Bainian, vice-president of the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association, said.Li was elected bishop-designate by an overwhelming majority over three competitors by priests and nuns of the Beijing diocese and representatives of Church followers on July 16, after his predecessor Michael Fu Tieshan passed away on April 20.Born in 1965, Li, who used to be a priest at Beijing's St Joseph's Church in the capital's Wangfujing commercial area, graduated from the Chinese Catholic Academy of Theology and Philosophy.He was ordained as a priest by Bishop Fu 1989.You Suzhen, a 75-year-old Catholic, said the new bishop was well liked in the diocese, and had rich experience as an administrator, academic and parish priest."I am confident he will be a good successor to Bishop Fu," You said."I'm sure he'll do a great job in uniting and leading us," Sun Xiang'en, a Beijing priest who helped train Li as a seminarian, said.Li was the second bishop ordained this year, after 40-year-old Paul Xiao Zejiang was ordained as coadjutor - the designated successor to the current Bishop Anicetus Wang Chongyi - in Guizhou Diocese earlier this month.Liu said the Catholic body has so far received six applications to fill vacant bishoprics in Guizhou, Guangzhou, Yichang, Beijing, Ningxia and Hohhot. The Chinese mainland has 5 million Catholics under 97 dioceses.

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An investor smiles before an electronic board showing stock information at a securities firm in Xiamen, East China's Fujian Province March 20, 2007. [newsphoto]The net income of the 287 funds launched by 53 fund management firms totaled 124.8 billion yuan, while paper profits reached about 146 billion yuan, according to WIND, a provider of Chinese financial data. The profits were more than 38 times greater than the seven billion yuan earned in 2005 by all 206 funds under 46 fund management firms. The majority of profits came from the 216 stock-leaning funds, which have at least 60 percent of their investments in stocks. They reported total operating profits of 261.4 billion yuan, accounting for 96.53 percent of all fund profits. The country experienced a fund investment boom last year as investors shifted low-interest bank deposits into the bourses, which surged 130 percent last year after a four-year slump. Fifteen million people have invested in funds. The proportion of individual investors in closed-end funds rose to 74.21 percent by the end of 2006, an increase of 18.05 percentage points from the end of the first half, according to WIND. China raised 390 billion yuan in 90 new funds and registered 7.78 million new accounts in 2006. More than 300 mutual funds have sprung up in China since 1992. The funds are valued at around one trillion yuan, accounting for 19 percent of the present stock markets.

China is tightening its grip once more on foreign investors in Chinese real estate, banning them from borrowing offshore in the latest effort to tame property prices and cool the economy. The new rule, set out in a circular from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange , could squeeze foreign investors who take advantage of lower interest rates outside China. Some may find it especially difficult to fund projects as Beijing has told its banks to cut back on loans for the construction industry. The central bank ordered Chinese banks to stop lending for land purchases as far back as 2003. "The only alternative is to fund the entire equity," said Andrew McGinty, a partner at the law firm Lovells in Shanghai. "But that's not a very favoured method, because your internal return on investment goes down dramatically." Property funds operating in China tend to borrow to fund at least 50 percent of a project's value. The circular, which the currency regulator sent to its local branches in early July but has not yet published on its Web site, also increases red-tape for foreign property investors. Investors seeking to bring capital into China to set up a real estate company must now lodge documents with the Ministry of Commerce in Beijing -- not just with local branches of the ministry, according to the new circular with de facto effect from June 1. That process could take a month or more, said an official at the Ministry of Commerce, declining to be identified. "What we mean is very clear: First we are targeting foreign real estate firms that are illegally approved by local governments," a SAFE official said. McGinty said the new rule would reduce foreign investment in the real estate sector, but the real impact would depend on how it is enforced. UNCERTAIN IMPACT China has applied a raft of measures to rein in property investment, including interest rate rises and rules to discourage construction of luxury homes. Some steps have specifically targeted foreign investors, who account for less than 5 percent of total investment in the property sector. Foreign investors must now secure land purchases before setting up joint ventures or wholly owned foreign enterprises in China. However, funds such as those run by ING Real Estate, Morgan Stanley , Hong Kong's Sun Hung Kai Properties , Henderson Land Development and Singapore's CapitaLand Ltd. are pouring more money than ever into China to tap a middle class hunger for new homes and rising capital values. China's urban property inflation rose to 7.1 percent in June, compared with a year earlier, from 6.4 percent in May. McGinty said some foreign investors may eventually quit China for more interesting markets if an inability to employ leverage reduces their internal rate of return. However, others said they would stay on. "We are not too worried about it. Cooling measures won't stay forever," said Robert Lie, Asia chief executive for ING Real Estate, which has raised a 0 million fund to build housing in China. ING Real Estate borrows locally, partly to hedge its currency risk. Most other foreign investors in China do the same. Some foreign property firms that have been in China for many years have strong connections with local lenders -- Chinese banks as well as international banks incorporated in China. "There is still strong interest in China, although there will be some form of slowdown in the number of transactions," said Grey Hyland, head of investment at Jones Lang LaSalle in Shanghai. He said the new approval rules would further dampen the ability of foreigners to compete with local rivals. "It's still early to say how, because these rules are still very new and being tested," Hyland said. One consequence, he added, could be to drive foreign property investors inland to second- and third-tier cities that the authorities are eager to develop and where approval is therefore easier to obtain.

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NANCHANG - He Guoqiang, a senior leader of the Commuinst Party of China, said the needs of the people must come first during a visit to the snow-hit eastern Jiangxi Province.He Guoqiang visits Miaozhi Village in Jiujiang where technicians have been repairing an electricity transmission line for eight days and nights, January 31, 2008. [Xinhua] "The disaster in Jiangxi is still developing. We are facing a tough task," said He, a member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee's Political Bureau. "It is our most urgent task to fight the disaster and carry out relief work."He, the eighth top leader of the CPC to venture into the field to join the relief efforts, has been in Jiangxi since Wednesday. He has been entrusted by Chinese President Hu Jintao to direct disaster relief work and condole local residents."Party and government leaders of all levels shall be on the spot of the most-affected regions," He said. "They shall put the people's needs first."In the past two weeks, unusual freezing weather, icy rain and heavy snow have hit most of Jiangxi, affecting traffic, power supply and people's daily lives.A new round of heavy snow has fallen in northern Jiangxi since Thursday evening. By Saturday morning, 66 provincial counties were blanketed by at least two centimeters of snow. The snow was thicker than 10 cm in 21 of the counties.He visited the airport and the Nanchang railway station in the provincial capital upon arrival and inquired into the operation of flights and trains.Noticing a newborn baby carried by his mother waiting to board a train, He talked with the woman, Tan Xiaohui, and helped her with the child's woolen cap.He told Tan to take care of the child and herself and the other passengers to keep warm while wishing them a safe journey home.His second stop was the bridge across the Yangtze River in Jiujiang, a major juncture of a trunk road.He shook hands with soldiers and police who were de-icing the road and keeping traffic order. He also talked with drivers and passengers who were waiting to pass the bridge and handed out food.A relief camp has been set up beside the bridge, providing food, drinking water and medical service for stranded drivers and passengers.He was glad to learn the camp is running around the clock."I hope, through your work, passengers will not suffer cold, hunger, thirst and illness," he said.Disastrous weather has cut off several sections of the provincial power grid. On Thursday, He visited Miaozhi Village in Jiujiang where technicians had been repairing an electricity transmission line for eight days and nights."You have made great contribution to restoring power supply to the people. Take care of yourself," he said while holding the hands of a technician.At Lianhua and Jiangxiang townships, He dropped in on several rural families whose business had suffered from the storms.He asked Yin Zhongming, a strawberry farmer, and Liu Chunjiang, who raised ducks, about their damage. He encouraged them to restore production as soon as possible with assistance from the local government.The local government shall try its best to guarantee supply of power, gas, water and daily necessities, he said."We shall also start planning rehabilitation as early as possible and offer people preferential policies, and financial and technical assistance."

Chinese photographers said the South China tiger on digital pictures, released by forestry authorities and widely discussed on the Internet, is a fake.A preparatory digital picture appraisal center under the China Photographers Society, released the results on Sunday after a team of photographic experts assessed the 40 digital pictures provided by NetEase, a Chinese Internet company.The State Forestry Administration, however, on Tuesday refused to comment on the authenticity of these pictures, saying its responsibility is to protect the wildlife.Cao Qingyao, SFA spokesman, did cite previous investigation resultsat a press conference in Beijing, saying the investigators found some traces of South China tigers in Shaanxi, and said a new investigation in the area is under way, and the results will be announced as soon as possible. The center said technological analysis from last Tuesday through Sunday showed the South China tiger on the 40 pictures was not real and could not serve as evidence for the existence of the wild animal.The pictures must have been taken by people with photographic experience or under guidance and could not be done independently by a person without any photographic experience, claimed experts.The digital picture, purporting to be a wild South China tiger crouching in the midst of green bushes, was released by the Forestry Department of northwest China's Shaanxi Province at a news conference on October12.Zhou Zhenglong, 52, a farmer and former hunter in Chengguan Township of Shaanxi's Zhenping County, photographed the tiger with a digital camera and on film on the afternoon of October 3, a department spokesman said.The Shaanxi forestry department said it had confirmed the 40 digital pictures and 31 film photographs were genuine.But the pictures released were not the original ones and they underwent modifications, such as time and signal, according to experts.Bao Kun, an expert who participated in the appraisal by the center, told Xinhua they announced the results out of "a citizen's sense of social responsibility."A detailed report concerning the appraisal would be announced in about a week, Bao added.In response to the appraisal results, the Shaanxi provincial forestry department said in a written statement to media that they had already "showed their attitude toward the South China tiger issue and would continue to pay attention to the matter.""We thank netizens and media for your care of the South China tiger and of the wildlife protection cause," the statement said, offering no direct comment on the appraisal results."In a statement on November 23 the department said: "We firmly believe this basic fact: That wild South China tigers exist in Zhenping county of Shaanxi Province."The South China tiger, from which other sub-species such as the Siberian tiger evolved, is listed as one of the world's ten most endangered animals.It is the only tiger subspecies native to China's central and southern areas. In the early 1950s, its population was 4,000 across the country. Since 1964, no sightings of wild tigers have been reported in Shaanxi.Its former habitats were in Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the central provinces of Hunan and Jiangxi.