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GENEVA, April 14 (Xinhua) -- Switzerland and China will soon sign a formal agreement on enhancing their cooperation in the field of sustainable water management and hazard prevention, the Swiss government said on Tuesday.     Federal Councilor and Environment Minister Moritz Leuenberger will make his first official visit to China on April 16 to sign this agreement, according to a government statement.     During his five-day visit, Leuenberger will also hold official discussions with Chinese Minister of Water Resources Chen Lei, attend the third Yangtze Forum and visit the Three Gorges Dam, the statement said.     Due to their mountainous regions, Switzerland and China face similar natural hazards, according to the statement.     At the same time, both countries harness their hydropower and are faced with the question of river basin management, which is likely to become more pressing due to climate change, it added.

BEIJING, Feb. 2 (Xinhua) -- About 20 million of China's migrant workers have returned home after losing their jobs as the global financial crisis takes a toll on the economy, said a senior official here on Monday.     Chen Xiwen, director of the office of the central leading group on rural work, said about 15.3 percent of the 130 million migrant workers had returned jobless from cities to the countryside.     The figures were based on a survey by the Ministry of Agriculture in 150 villages in 15 provinces, carried out before the week-long Lunar New Year holiday which began on Jan. 25. Chen Xiwen, director of the Office of the Central Leading Group on Rural Work, speaks at a press conference held by the State Council Information Office, Feb. 2, 2009.     His remarks came a day after the central government issued its first document this year, which warned 2009 will be "possibly the toughest year" since the turn of the century in terms of securing economic development and consolidating the "sound development momentum" in agriculture and rural areas.     The country's economic growth slowed to 6.8 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008, dragging down the annual rate to a seven-year low of 9 percent.     The document urged local and central government departments to adopt measures to create jobs and increase rural incomes.     Companies were asked to take on more social responsibilities and give rural migrant workers more favorable employment treatment. Flexible employment policies and more training chances were also encouraged.     Meanwhile, local government departments should increase investment to provide favorable tax and fee policies to those who lost jobs in cities and expect to find new work in their hometowns.     The government also urged departments to map out basic pension insurance measures suitable for rural conditions and migrant workers to ensure their rights.

BEIJING, April 7 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao on Tuesday sent a message of condolences to his Italian counterpart Giorgio Napolitano over the heavy loss of life and property in a deadly earthquake that struck central Italy.     In the message, Hu expressed condolences to the victims and their families and those affected by the earthquake on behalf of the Chinese government and people as well as in his own name.     Hu believed that, under the leadership of Napolitano and the Italian government, the Italian people will overcome the difficulties arising from the quake and restore the normal life and work in the quake-affected areas at an early date.     A powerful earthquake hit central Italy early Monday, killing 207 people, injuring about 1,500 and leaving around 70,000 homeless, said the latest reports.     China's top legislator Wu Bangguo and Premier Wen Jiabao also sent messages of condolences to Italian Senate Speaker Renato Schifani, Chamber of Deputies Speaker Gianfranco Fini and Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, respectively.

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BEIJING, Feb. 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao jumped in his first ever online chat on Saturday afternoon, facing questions from nearly 300,000 netizens and mobile phone users ranging from unemployment, wealth gap, social justice to democracy.     "I don't expect myself to answer every question well, but I am here with a sincere heart and speak honestly," Wen said during the two-hour-long chat jointly run by the central government web site www.gov.cn and the Xinhua News Agency web site www.xinhuanet.com . Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao(R2) speaks while visiting staff members of the Xinhua News Agency website, after his chat with Internet surfers in Beijing, China, Feb. 28, 2009. Wen Jiabao held an online chat with netizens jointly hosted by the central government website (www.gov.cn) and the Xinhua News Agency website (www.xinhuanet.com) on Saturday. The chat, second of its kind for a high-ranking Chinese official, came several days before the Premier is to deliver his annual work report at a meeting of the national legislature on March 5.     President Hu Jintao had a brief Q&A with netizens at the web site of People's Daily last June.     It seems Wen, who surfs the Internet almost every day and sometimes spends as long as one hour on the Internet, is aware of the toughness of the chat. He started the chat speaking of the approximately half million questions directed to him on local Internet forums, lately opened for the public to utter their advice ahead of the legislature meeting.     "I am deeply aware of the raft of issues that need to be addressed in a country as vast as China and I am deeply aware of the difficulty and heavy responsibility a Chinese Premier has to face," he said. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao holds an online chat with netizens jointly hosted by the central government website and Xinhua website in Beijing, China, Feb. 28, 2009.    ECONOMIC HARDSHIP     The first heavy barrage came from the concern over lingering economic slowdown which has already caused more than 20 million rural migrant workers jobless and terminated the superiority complex previously prevalent among the country's millions of college graduates on the job market.     In an obvious effort to elevate public confidence without giving false hope, Premier Wen used careful wording to evaluate the effect of the four-trillion-yuan stimulus package he endorsed last November.     "Signs in certain areas and fields pointed to a turnaround. Some key indicators showed the economic situation has somewhat turned better. But those were just temporary indices and couldn't be fully compared with the past figures," he said.     "We must fully realize we are facing a long-term and arduous task and strengthen confidence in the face of the crisis and be ready to take firmer and stronger actions when necessary."     Wen gave his personal appreciation to the "brothers" of rural migrant workers for their contribution to China's prosperity and their understanding in times of difficulty.     "You have born the first brunt of the financial crisis, but you didn't hold much grudge against the government but instead showed your understanding, with some going back home silently for farming and others dashing around for jobs," Wen said. "I thank you!"     The government would offer vocational training and tax privileges for rural migrant workers to start their own business, he said.     Wen didn't use the occasion for a national consumption pitch, although many economists agreed that raising consumption would be the only way to rebalance and sustain the economy.     "Of course we wish the wealthy could spend money boldly, but what we think essential is to increase the income of people from all walks of life. In that case, consumption would have a much more solid founding," he said.     Hand-picking a complaint over financing difficulty from netizen Shen Yuefang who ran a small-scale business in Zhejiang, Wen harshly blamed commercial banks, urging them to step up the implementation of state policies and lend more to small and medium-sized companies, especially private ones.     "I always said that economists, entrepreneurs and bankers must have moral blood. That is to say whenever the country is in trouble, we should help smaller companies and optimize the system. This is real action to share in the woes of the nation. Every banker should do this," he said.     GOOD SYSTEM MATTERS MORE     Affectionately named "Baobao" (the Chinese for baby) by his fans, the 67-year-old has become one of the nation's most popular figures after making swift appearance at disaster sites when a devastating earthquake shocked the country last May.     During his visit to Tianjin on Feb. 16 this year, Wen came cross weeping mother Wang Zhihua who couldn't afford the treatment for his seriously ill son. Wen personally donated 10,000 yuan and arranged for the two-year-old suffering leukaemia from the rural area in Zhangjiakou of Hebei Province to get hospitalized in the Beijing Children's Hospital.     This philanthropic act however triggered public sighs over the country's inadequate medical system.     "I noticed the harsh criticism which says good system matters more than good Premier," Wen said, responding to a question on the treatment of seriously ill children.     "Being the Premier, I need to think about how to optimize our medical system and have seriously ill children treated....We have already started to work in this direction. But our efforts is far from enough."     China currently has more than four million leukemic children. Treatment for each would cost more than 100,000 yuan. But no medical insurance in China would allow reimbursement for such large medical bills, Wen acknowledged.     He mentioned five steps the government will take, including expanding the coverage of insurance and establishing a basic medicine system with price ceilings.     The State Council, or the Cabinet, has lately passed a medical reform plan involving a government input of 850 billion yuan (123 billion U.S. dollars) by 2011 to provide universal medical service to the country's 1.3 billion population.     "Health care reform is not easy. Our determination to push forward the reform shows that the government cares about the health of the public," Wen said.     "Let me assure you that a good Premier would push forward the establishment of a good system," he said.     HEARTY TALK     Bombarded by questions over the widening income gap and government corruption, Wen said that in a society where fairness and justice prevail, the public should be able to share the fruits of reform.     Citing the Theory of Moral Sentiments by philosopher Adam Smith, Wen said that society would be unstable if the wealth was long concentrated in the hands of a small number of people while the majority was stuck in poverty.     "However, the needy would have no way to shake off poverty when the society was static. So only through development and progress can we tackle such difficulty from the root," he said.     "To uphold democracy and have the people truly in charge, we must rely on no individuals but a sound system to secure top-to-bottom communications for the government to listen to the voices of the masses," he said.     Asked why he didn't dodge when German student Martin Jahnke blew a whistle and hurled a sports shoe at him at the concert hall of Cambridge University on Feb. 2 during his speech, Wen admitted his eyes had been blinded by the spotlight.     "I didn't know indeed what has come to me. But I have a conviction even it was a dangerous article, I wouldn't move a bit because the first thing that came cross my mind was to safeguard the national dignity," he said.     Wen asked the moderator to prolong the chat more than once and addressed 29 more questions.

BEIJING, April 13 (Xinhua) -- House prices in 70 major Chinese cities fell 1.3 percent in March from a year earlier, the National Bureau of Statistics said Monday.     The month-on-month figure, however, rose 0.2 percent in March.     In the first quarter, the area of commercial houses sold rose 8.2 percent to 113 million square meters and sales jumped 23.1 percent to 505.9 billion yuan (74 billion U.S. dollars), the NBS said.     Prices of new houses fell 1.9 percent year-on-year last month but rose 0.1 percent from February. Prices for second-hand houses rose 0.3 percent month-on-month despite of a decline of 0.4 percent from a year earlier.     Analysts warned it was still too early to say the property market had revived, as sales were mainly driven by surging credit and by stimulus policies, such as tax cuts. Other indicators, such as land purchases by developers, had shown no signs of recovery.     Floor areas of newly built houses in the first quarter tumbled 16.2 percent to 201 million sq m. The decline was 1.4 percentage points more than the January-February figure.     Land purchased for homebuilding fell more than 40 percent in the first quarter to 47.42 million sq m, and the actual area developed shrank 11.3 percent to 52.2 million sq m.     China Vanke, the country's biggest property developer by market value, reported on April 11 its first-quarter sales rose 21 percent to 12.22 billion yuan. Those of Poly Real Estate Group, the second-biggest, doubled to 6.48 billion yuan.

BEIJING, April 8 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao has stressed that "supervision" is one of the key missions in 2009 for government organizations to tackle corruption amid the economic crisis, according to Wen's speech script released Wednesday by the State Council.     "The impact of the global economic crisis was still amplifying. Companies' profits shrinking, financial income reducing, job situation worsening... Under such circumstances, it's of great importance for government organizations to reform and tackle any kind of corruption," Wen said.     Wen said this year supervision would be focused on whether government officials' work was quick and effective, policies and regulations practised properly, projects carried out scientifically, funds used reasonably among others.     He said any kind of fund misappropriation, unqualified buildings and other problems which closely affected people's livelihood should be strictly prevented.     Also, Wen stressed supervision in food and drug industry to avoid any safety issues involving unapproved food additives and fake and unqualified medicines.     Wen initially made those remarks at a conference on clean governance here on March 24. The highlights for his speech on that day were released Wednesday by the State Council.     Wen ordered at the conference that Party and government organizations at all levels should reduce reception expenditures this year by 10 percent over 2008, cut car purchase and maintenance fees by 15 percent on the basis of the average amount in the recent three years, and reduce expenditure for business trips abroad by 20 percent based on the average amount over the past three years.     Wen said, this year efforts will be focused on investigation and handling of corruption cases involving government organs and officials, and hard strikes will be made in cases of "collusion between officials and businesses, power-for-money deals and commercial bribery cases."     He urged tougher scrutiny over funds and projects that were closely related to people's livelihoods, such as medical insurance in rural areas, pensions, payment in arrears for migrant workers, water conservation, railroads and other forms of transportation, and urban construction.     Individuals or groups should be severely punished for making defective or harmful farm products or imposing unreasonable charges on farmers, students and patients, he said.     Wen praised the anti-corruption progress made by various government officials last year, especially in supervising and managing relief funds for the May 12 earthquake and the post-quake construction.     "Only by building a clean and efficient government can we unite everyone as an entire force to cope with the crisis and get over it," he added.     Last year, China investigated 2,687 government officials for graft, malfeasance and infringement of people's rights. Those included four people at the province or ministry level, according to a report delivered by Prosecutor-General Cao Jianming in earlier March.     Also, the government investigated 10,315 cases of commercial bribery cases committed by government workers, involving a total sum of more than 2.1 billion yuan (309 million U.S. dollars).

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nturns that a retreat to narrow, short-term protectionism policies would only serve to deepen the global recession and we must not and will not allow that to happen again," said Brown.     Brown said that Britain and China supported the reform of international institutions and the creation of an early-warning system for the global economy.     The two countries would push these and other proposals at the London Summit of G20 nations in April, he added.     Wen arrived in London on Saturday for a three-day official visit. Britain is the last leg of his week-long European tour, which began on Tuesday and has already taken him to Switzerland, Germany, the European Union headquarters in Brussels and Spain.     During the visit, Wen met with people from political, business and financial circles. He also delivered a speech at the University of Cambridge.     The premier is also paying a return visit for Prime Minister Gordon Brown's China tour early last year, as part of a regular high-level meeting mechanism between the two countries.

BEIJING, Feb. 3 (Xinhua) -- Different levels of governments should collect strength to combat drought, which has crippled China's agriculture, said Vice Premier Hui Liangyu Tuesday.     He urged efforts to give drought-relief work top priority.     Hui said the people should build up their confidence and make every effort to overcome difficulties despite severe challenges.     He also asked local governments to strengthen management, adopt effective measures and enhance agricultural technology services sothat farmers could get timely help and guidance.     Financial and material support should be ensured, he added.     Lack of rainfall has led to severe drought in northern China, leaving more than 140 million mu (9.3 million hectares) wheat affected, said the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) head on Tuesday.     As of Monday, 141 million mu wheat in six major grain production provinces, including Henan, Anhui, Shandong, Shanxi, Gansu and Shaanxi, were hit by drought, MOA minister Sun Zhengcai said in an anti-drought video conference.     About 145 million mu crops have been affected by the drought nationwide, or 40 million mu more than the same period last winter, according to the Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters.     The figure indicated that almost 43 percent of the country's wheat was affected.     Sun said little rain fall since last October was the main reason for the prolonged drought in most of the northern areas, and frequent cold snaps this winter made the situation worse.     According to Monday's weather report by China Meteorological Administration, severe drought in north China was expected to continue as no rain has been forecasted for the next ten days.     The MOA warned that more wheat fields could perish if drought continues to linger.     To cope with the problem, the MOA asked agricultural departments of every level to collect all of their strength to channel water, enhance irrigation and fertilization.     MOA has sent 12 working teams of experts to the drought-hit provinces, to instruct farmers on drought relief work. The Ministry of Water Resources also said it would enhance supervision and launch emergency plan when necessary.     In Anhui Province, where drought has affected about 1.74 million hectares of area and caused an economic loss of 1.6 billion yuan (234 million U.S. dollars), the provincial government allocated 10 million yuan of reserve funds for drought relief and seedling protection, 15 million yuan of special subsidies for anti-drought equipment and another 300 million yuan for farmers to buy relief materials. roll of irrigating plastic pipe is seen on an arid wheat field in Shuanglong Village, Lixin County of east China's Anhui Province, Jan. 22, 2009    Agricultural technicians have been sent to instruct farmers on drought relief work. The provincial government also plans to carryout artificial precipitation when weather permits.     As of Monday, The Ministry of Finance has allocated 100 million yuan (14.6 million U.S. dollars) in emergency funding nationwide to help farmers combat weather difficulties.

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BEIJING, March 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao Thursday called on the nation to strengthen "conviction for victory" as he unveiled an unprecedented stimulus package to shore up economic growth amid global downturn.     In a work report to the National People's Congress (NPC), the country's parliament, Wen said China is facing "unprecedented difficulties and challenges" as economic growth slows, employment pressure mounts and social uncertainties increase in 2009, the most difficult year since the new millennium.     PREMIER'S ECONOMICS     China's economy cooled to a seven-year low of 9 percent last year, and broke a five-year streak of double-digit expansion, as the global financial crisis took its toll on the world's fastest growing economy.     The country, however, is "able to achieve" an economic growth at about 8 percent as long as right policies and appropriate measures are adopted and implemented, Wen said. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao delivers a government work report during the opening meeting of the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2009In his report, Wen outlined an aggressive stimulus package, including huge government investment, tax reform, industrial restructuring, scientific innovation, social welfare and promoting employment.     In addition to a 4-trillion yuan (585.5 billion U.S. dollars) stimulus package that was announced in November, the premier also proposed a budgeted fiscal deficit of 950 billion yuan (139 billion U.S. dollars) for 2009, a record high in six decades and nearly three times over the last record of 319.8 billion yuan set in 2003.     The deficit accounted for less than 3 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP), nearly surpassing an internationally accepted risky line.     Wen said increasing government spending is the most active, direct and efficient way to expand domestic demand, while economists believe China's 2-trillion U.S. dollar foreign reserves, current-account surplus and budget surplus offers the government lots of room to do so.     Other key economic and social targets included creating more than 9 million jobs in the city, controlling urban registered unemployment rate under 4.6 percent and keeping the rise of Consumer Price Index (CPI) at about 4 percent.     EXPECTATIONS OF A MIGRANT WORKER AND MORE     While nearly 3,000 lawmakers convened at the Great Hall of the People in the center of Beijing, Zhang You, a migrant worker from central Anhui Province who was waiting in his rented room for a job opportunity in the outskirts of the capital, also watched Wen's nationally televised speech, though the Premier's economics might be beyond his imagination.     "I didn't quite understand what those figures meant," he said. "But I was impressed by Premier Wen's vow to expand social security for migrant workers and help us find jobs," the 30-year-old man said. "I am happy about that."     Zhang, a painter, said he has had no work to do for months. "I guess it's because fewer people are buying houses," he said. China's real estate sector was also hit by the international financial crisis with fewer people buying houses.     But Zhang said he believes he will soon be able to find a job. "I feel the government is trying hard to overcome the difficulties. This kind of situation won't last long."     "I hope the economy will get better. My whole family is depending on me," said Zhang, one of the 20 million migrant workers who have lost jobs following the financial crisis.     In addition to millions of migrant workers seeking jobs in the cities, another 6.1 million college students are due to graduate this year, worsening the country's unemployment woes.     Announcing a 42-billion-yuan central government investment to boost job opportunities, Wen said in his report "the government will do everything in its power to stimulate employment."     He said the government will make full use of the role of the service sector, labor-intensive industries, small and medium-sized enterprises, and the non-public sector of the economy in creating jobs, he said.     Hao Ruyu, vice president of the Capital University of Economics and Business, said to maintain an 8 percent growth rate is "vital" to the Chinese economy and the country's stability.     "One percentage point growth could create 800,000 to 1 million jobs," said Hao, vice chairman of the NPC Financial and Economic Affairs Committee.     Despite worsening world economy, economists are optimistic about China's economic growth as previous stimulus measures have started to show initial effects.     Economist Li Yining told Xinhua that he believes China's economic growth this year could reach 8 percent, or even higher.     The Chinese economy is also very likely to recover before other major economies, even though the world economy is still shrouded in uncertainty, said Li, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the nation's top political advisory body.     "The economic slowdown is beginning to bottom out, and the economy is bound to rebound on huge government investment," he said.     According to a survey of factories issued Monday by the brokerage CLSA, China's manufacturing activity contracted for a seventh consecutive month in February, but at a slower rate than previous months.     INVESTMENT FOR A HARMONIOUS SOCIETY     While explaining the stimulus plan, Wen said the government will "give top priority to ensuring people's wellbeing and promote social harmony."     He said a total of 908 billion yuan of the central government investment this year will go to projects aiming at improving people's life.     Those projects covered low-income housing, education, health care, culture, environmental protection, and reconstruction in regions affected by the May 12 earthquake in Sichuan Province.     As part of the efforts to shore up domestic demand, Wen said China will increase investment to improve China's social security network, whose low coverage has long been blamed for the country's high saving rate.     He said the central government plans to spend 293 billion yuan on the social safety net this year, up 17.6 percent or 43.9 billion yuan over the estimated figure for last year.     The money will be used to fund social welfare programs, including pension, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and living allowances to low-income groups.     Wen also promised that his government will improve efficiency and continue to combat corruption.     "We must discharge our duties with great diligence and, through our actions and achievements, build a government that is for the people and is pragmatic, clean, efficient to satisfy people's needs and win their trust," he said.     CHINA IMPETUS LIMITED?     As the world's fastest expanding economy, China's policy making has captured international attention since the world was hit by the financial turmoil. Before Wen delivered his report, U.S. stocks broke a five-day losing streak with the Dow Jones industrial average rising 149.82, or 2.2 percent, to 6,875.84 on Wednesday.     Some analysts said expectations on China's economic stimulus package might have contributed to the stock jump.     But Wang Xiaoguang, a Beijing-based economist, said such an influence is very "limited."     Wang said China's stimulus package might help store up some investors' confidence in world economy, but the recovery of the world depends on both China and the United States.     China's economic growth could help cushion the blows of world economic downturn, Wang said. "But if the U.S. economy continued to worsen, China alone could not revive the world," he said.

BEIJING, March 7 (Xinhua) -- China should speed up reforming its financial system to make the yuan an international currency, said political advisors Saturday.     "A significant inspiration to draw from the global financial crisis is that we must play an active role in the reconstruction of the international financial order," said Peter Kwong Ching Woo, chairman of the Hong Kong-based Wharf (Holdings) Limited.     The key to financial reform is to make the yuan an international currency, said Woo in a speech to the Second Session of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the country's top political advisory body.     That means using the Chinese currency to settle international trade payments, allowing the yuan freely convertible on the capital account and making it an international reserve currency, he said.     China's yuan, or Renminbi, can be freely convertible on the current account but not on the capital account, preventing it from being a reserve currency or a choice in international trade settlement.     China has announced trial programs to settle trade in the yuan, a move analysts say will facilitate foreign trade as Chinese exporters might face losses if they continue to be paid in the U.S. dollar. The dollar's exchange rate has become more volatile since the global financial crisis.     Economists say the move will increase the acceptance of the currency in Asia, which will help it become an international currency in the long run.     The status of the yuan as an international currency will benefit China by giving it a bigger say in world financial issues and reducing the reliance of its huge foreign reserves on the U.S. dollar, some analysts say.     Other analysts argue a fully convertible yuan will hurt China as it would allow massive capital outflow during a financial crisis.     Meanwhile, Chinese authorities remain cautious.     It's possible that the global financial crisis will facilitate the process of making the yuan internationally accepted, but there's no need to push for that, Yi Gang, vice central bank governor, told Xinhua earlier this month.     That process should be conducive to all sides, he said.     Xu Shanda, former vice director of the State Administration of Taxation and a CPPCC National Committee member, urged for faster paces in making the yuan an international currency as a way of increasing national wealth.     He said the United States and the European Union have obtained hefty royalties from the international use of their currencies while China has become the biggest source of that income.     A royalty, or seignior age, results from the difference between the cost of printing currency and the face value of the money.     "China's loss due to royalty payment has far exceeded the benefit of not making the yuan an international currency," he said in a speech to the annual session of the CPPCC National Committee, without elaborating.     China's State Council, or Cabinet, said last December it would allow the yuan to be used for settlement between the country's two economic powerhouses -- Guangdong Province and the Yangtze River Delta -- and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao.     Meanwhile, exporters in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province will be allowed to use Renminbi to settle trade payments with ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) members.