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电力电子装置在电力系统中的应用

JOHANNESBURG, April 22 (Xinhua) -- South Africa's progress of the fourth democratic elections proceeded smoothly and orderly despite the cold weather.     Cheerful voters braved a cold snap in South Africa's most fluid and unpredictable post-apartheid elections on Wednesday, with KwaZulu-Natal province the only to report major problems.     It had received reports that 19,121 of the 19,726 voting stations opened on time, the South African Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) said.     IEC Chief Electoral Officer Pansy Tlakula said most of those which did not open were temporary stations affected by problems like the weather. She said the elections were characterized by a "peaceful, tranquil and harmonious" atmosphere. "A carnival mood is prevailing across the country."     "It's been calm and peaceful at the polling stations we have visited so far. it seems the youth have turned up in large numbers, which is very encouraging for democracy," said Balefi Tsie, head of the South African Development Community (SADC)'s Electoral Commission Forum (ECF).     "We wanted to be there when the stations opened to make sure the ballot boxes were empty and all was in order," he said.     The observers were at polling stations 20 minutes before South Africans began casting their ballots and inking their fingers at 7:00 a.m. local time (0500 GMT).     South African political party representatives at the IEC's center in Pretoria were mostly happy with the progress of voting.     "We are very happy so far, there have been no incident reports and there are very few stations still unopened," said Beattie Hofmeyr, the ruling party African National Congress (ANC) representative.     The Democratic Alliance councillor Mike Moriarty said: "The vast majority of stations are working properly."     The Congress of the People representative Juli Killian said there was an "absolute commitment to impartiality" in the IEC's top structures.     However she said that at times this commitment did not filter down to the staff on the ground.     "The challenge for them is to get the district voting officials to support that commitment," she said, adding that the party had received reports of ANC branding at some polling stations.     The United Democratic Movement secretary general Humphrey Nobongoza said his party had received reports that "ballot papers were flying all around" in Cala, Eastern Cape.     "The matter is of serious concern. It means there is a lack of control. It sends a bad signal," he said.     The IEC said about 23 million registered voters, including more than 16,000 overseas voters, would vote to elect a new National Assembly and nine Provincial Legislatures in April 22 elections.

BEIJING, May 13 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping on Wednesday called on officials to read more books and take reading and study as "life attitude, responsibility and spiritual pursuit."     Xi told officials attending an opening ceremony of a seminar of the Party School of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, "Books are carrying human knowledge and wisdom and are of vital importance to human advancement."     As president of the Party School, Xi asked officials to read enlightening books so as to build the Party into an academic one.     Xi, also member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau, said officials could gain inspiration, expand their mental outlook and improve their cultural attainment through reading, which could also enrich their working experience.

ROME, May 21 (Xinhua) -- China's top legislator Wu Bangguo met with Italian President Giorgio Napolitano here on Thursday afternoon, and the two leaders exchanged views on how to address the current global financial crisis.     Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), the top Chinese legislature, said China is positive about the results of the London G20 summit and appreciates the efficient efforts that Italy has made in preparation for the dialogue meeting between the leaders of G20 countries and five major developing countries (8+5 dialogue). Wu Bangguo (L), chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China, talks with Italian President Giorgio Napolitano in Rome, May 21, 2009.     Wu emphasized that against the background that the financial crisis continues to spread in the world, the international community should strengthen cooperation by implementing the consensus of the G20 summit, curbing the slide of economy and opposing protectionism. In the meantime, the international community should push forward reform of the international financial system and establish a new order of world economy.     Napolitano agreed with Wu's comment, saying that the global impact of financial crisis proved the increasingly close links among different economies. He said global challenges call for a globalized resolution. Italy is ready to strengthen cooperation with China and other developing countries at the 8+5 dialogue.     Napolitano stressed that Italy will join hands with China to firmly oppose trade protectionism and address the international financial crisis.     On China-EU relations, Wu said a strong Europe and a developing China share broad common interest and can contribute to world peace and development. He said China supports the integration process of the European Union, adding that the EU should play an active role in regional and international affairs.     Wu said China places great importance on developing relations with the EU. He expressed the wish to deepen practical cooperation in all fields and expand trade and investment. He said the two sides should carry out dialogues and communication on major issues on the basis of mutual respect of sovereignty and non-interference in each other's internal affairs.     Napolitano said as an important member of the EU, Italy is ready to play a constructive role in the regional bloc and help push for a healthy, stable development of EU-China relations.     Napolitano said China's development will not only benefit the Chinese people, but also contribute to peace and development of the world.     Wu said that China is still a developing country, with its per capita GDP ranking below 100th place in the world. He said China will continue to focus on development by working on economic restructuring and industry upgrading. China has adopted composite measures to address both current difficulties and long-term need so as to achieve all-round, balanced and sustainable development.     Wu is on an official goodwill visit to Italy.

江阴哪里治早泄

BEIJING, May 3 (Xinhua) -- Decoupling from the world, and the economic downturn much of it is experiencing, has proven impossible for China. But its resilience is receiving more recognition, with many leading financial institutions upgrading their 2009 growth forecasts since mid-April.     The adjustments for gross domestic product (GDP) growth, ranging from 0.5 to 2.3 percentage points, were based on signs of a turnaround in the first quarter. These indicators included stronger-than-expected real GDP growth, recovering property investment, a pick-up in power consumption and a surge in bank lending.     Merrill Lynch & Co. said it expected China's GDP to grow 7.2 percent in the second quarter and 8 percent this year, while Goldman Sachs raised its projection from 6 percent to 8.3 percent, the most optimistic forecast so far. Other forecasts include UBS, which raised its estimate by 0.5 point to 7 percent and CLSA Asia-Pacific, which lifted its outlook by 1.5 point to 7 percent.     China's policymakers can take heart from these forecasts. Every upward revision, big or small, given the global economic slowdown, might point to a better chance for the nation to achieve its 8-percent growth target. That level of growth is considered necessary to raise living standards while maintaining social stability.     But there's still the question of whether rapid growth is sustainable. Some analysts believe it isn't unless China can rebalance its economy and achieve higher efficiency, lower environmental costs and a more reasonable balance among investment, trade and consumption.     QUANTITY OR QUALITY?     In an interview with Xinhua, Stephen Roach, chairman of Morgan Stanley Asia, urged Chinese authorities to get more serious about stimulating private consumption because the global economy remains "pretty weak" and might only achieve a weak recovery.     "China has responded to the crisis the way it has always responded to global problems. That is, using proactive fiscal stimulus mainly in the infrastructure area to provide temporary support in the downturn until the global economy comes back. It worked in the 1997 Asian financial crisis and the 2000-2001 mild recession. But this is a different sort of problem," said Roach.     "Once the stimulus wears off and if there is no follow-through, the Chinese economy will weaken again. I don't think exports will recover in the weak global economy."     Domestic economists voice similar worries, saying that the speed of growth doesn't matter as much as the quality. Liu Shangxi, deputy dean of the Research Institute for Fiscal Science at the Ministry of Finance, said that the 6.1-percent year-on-year growth in the first quarter had been "fairly good" for China. But, he said, "sometimes, it's worth slowing down a bit to have the economy move more stably."     Wang Xiaoguang, an economist with the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the chief planning agency. said that the government's annual growth target had become mostly symbolic.     For five years in a row, the target was 8 percent, and for five years in a row, the growth rate overshot the target. Wang said the government had faced a dilemma: a cut in the target might undermine public confidence while a rise might tempt local governments to over-invest to meet a high growth target.     The turnaround signs mostly reflected the impact of the 4-trillion-yuan (586 billion U.S. dollars) stimulus package. Meanwhile, retail sales still trailed investment in contributing to growth. Local economists warned that the economy remained unbalanced and vulnerable.     "Historical records show that adjustments in the Chinese economy would take two to three years, on average. Seven months have passed since the impact of the global financial crisis began to tell on the local economy.     "With a turnaround in sight, recovery might come earlier than expected but there are still risks of a further slowdown," Chen Dongqi, deputy chief of the Macro-Economic Research Institute under the NDRC, told a business development forum in Guangdong in late April.     BUYING CURE     It's widely accepted among economists that China should boost domestic private consumption by leading individuals to buy more and save less. The key question is: how?     "Two big programs" Roach advocates call for doubling the investment in social security immediately to 150 billion U.S. dollars and establishing a goal of raising consumption as a share of the economy from 36 percent to 50 percent within five years.     "What I think is missing here is the social safety net, social security pension and unemployment insurance. Because of the absence of the safety net, China has seen a high level of precautionary saving," he said.     Roach suggested that China develop a private pension system in particular so total employee compensation could rise in tandem with productivity. "Chinese companies need to partner with their workers and provide medical care [and] retirement investing for their workforce. Chinese workers' total pay package should have both wages and benefits," he said.     Liu agreed that the primary task in expanding consumption was to raise incomes. "Securing the legitimate interests of workers is particularly significant when the economy slumps. It would be like drinking poison to quench one's thirst if businesses sought to expand corporate earnings at the cost of workers' pay and benefits," he said.     Low labor costs and massive capacity have propped up China's prosperity over the past decades. But the proportion of wages to national income has been on a long decline since the 1990s.     Between 2002 and 2006 alone, economists estimate the figure dropped from 62.1 percent to 57.1 percent. Meanwhile, the contribution of consumption to GDP growth fell from 43.6 percent to 38.9 percent.     "A more meaningful index to judge the sustainability of China's economic growth would be the proportion of wages to national income," Liu said. "If this ratio did not rise, people would remain poor, and thus expanding consumption would be empty talk."     Chinese are far from wealthy. Only 4 percent of the workforce, and just 10 percent of the urban workforce, earn more than 2,000 yuan a month, the threshold for individual income tax.     As Chinese residents hold 2.43 trillion yuan in aggregate deposits, economists say one immediate way to boost consumption would be to stabilize spending on staple property -- including housing and automobiles -- and support tourism and cultural activities.     "People spend much of their money on housing and food. The government should encourage people to entertain themselves more," Wang said.     CHINA 'NO LOCOMOTIVE'     Although China might be the first major economy to recover from the downturn, economists disagree on when China will return to sustained high growth.     Morgan Stanley, for example, has forecast a firm recovery by mid-year, but said sustainable growth through 2010 would still hinge on what happens in other countries.     "China will be stronger. But will that strength be enough to allow others to follow in its footsteps? I don't think so," said Roach.     "Most of China's resilience comes from infrastructure building, roads, property consumption ... [this] won't have an impact on the United States and Europe. This resilience is only temporary while its stimulus is local rather than global."     Central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan also warned in late April during World Bank-IMF meetings in Washington that the rebound in China's economy had to be consolidated. He said conditions in China would permit rapid economic development again, once macroeconomic policies such as the stimulus plan took effect.     Challenging internal and external conditions, he said, included continuously shrinking external demand, a relatively large decline in exports, overcapacity in some industries, falling government revenue and lingering employment pressure.     As China emerges from the shadow of the downturn, together with many of its Western partners, the world is closely watching the socialist market economy that it is still trying to develop.     It was interesting to see that there was much "the ideologically-constrained West" could learn from China, just as there was much China could learn from the West, said Roach.     "China has gone slow in many areas, especially in the opening up of its financial market. But China made the right choice," he said.     "Focusing on stability is a huge plus for China. But the nation must be vigilant in its financial policies, especially monetary and regulatory policies, and not allow asset bubbles and financial innovations it doesn't understand," said Roach.

BEIJING, June 22 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisor called Monday for more resources and support for alternative fuel vehicles to boost the car industry and spur the economy.     Jia Qinglin, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a political advisory body, made the call during a visit to Beijing-based FOTON, Asia's largest commercial vehicle manufacturer. Jia Qinglin (C), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, talks with a worker about new energy automobiles, in Beijing, China, June 22, 2009. Jia Qinglin did researches on new energy automobiles in Beijing on Monday. "Alternative fuel vehicles represent the future of the car industry," he said. Such vehicles would improve the environment, reduce the impact of the financial crisis and trigger new technologies, he said during a research tour.     Jia, who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, urged using innovation as a priority to develop the industry, and improve research and development abilities.     He also called for more "backbone companies" with their own property rights, brands and market competitiveness.     Automakers "need to improve production abilities and services. They also need to develop more products and functions to meet market demand," he said.

HELSINKI, June 26 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang on Friday outlined guidelines for boosting Sino-Finnish relations in political, economic and social fields.     Politically, top leaders and senior officials of China and Finland should continue to frequently visit each other to improve the mechanism for bilateral cooperation, said Li while meeting with Finnish President Tarja Halonen. Economically, the two countries should make good use of their respective competitive advantages which compliment each other to deepen their pragmatic cooperation in business, environment, energy and other fields, he said.     Socially, China and Finland should promote exchanges in culture, education, health, tourism and other fields to build a stronger social base for their bilateral relations, he added. Finnish President Tarja Halonen (R Front) meets with Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (L Front) in Helsinki, June 25, 2009    Li also called for enhanced communications and consultations between the two countries in international affairs.     On China-EU relations, Li said that China has always been committed to developing a comprehensive strategic partnership with EU and Sino-EU relationship was of strategic importance in China's foreign policy.     Both China and EU should cherish the hard-earned good relationship between the two sides, make dialogue and cooperation as its cornerstone, base it on mutual respect and equality, and maintain the principle of seeking common ground while reserving differences.     Li said China appreciates the efforts Finland has made to promote the healthy development in China-EU relations and hopes Finland will continue to play a constructive role in enhancing the political mutual trust between China and EU and pushing for closer China-EU cooperation.     For her part, Halonen said that both Finland and China value their relationship, adding that communication and cooperation in political, economic, cultural, educational and social fields have been going on smoothly, which has a positive impact on bilateral relations.     Finland has attached great importance to its relations with China and is willing to be a positive force in shaping EU-China relationship, she told Li.     She also said that the Finnish government and companies would actively participate in the 2010 World Expo to be held in Shanghai, China.     The Finnish president extended an invitation through Li to her Chinese counterpart Hu Jintao for visiting Finland when the Chinese top leader feels convenient.     Li arrived in Helsinki on Thursday for a three-day official visit to the northern European nation.

靖江市韩式包皮

BEIJING, May 6 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank said Wednesday the economy is doing "better than expected" in the first quarter, and pledged to maintain "ample" liquidity in the financial system for economic recovery.     China would stick to its moderately easy monetary policy and ensure "ample" liquidity at banks, the People's Bank of China (PBoC) said in its quarterly monetary policy report posted on its website.     The country has pumped 4.58 trillion yuan (670 billion U.S. dollars) of new loans into the economy in the first quarter to stimulate growth.     The figure is already nearing 5 trillion yuan of new loans targeted for the whole year. In March alone, new loans increased by a record 1.89 trillion yuan.     The country's financial institutions and enterprises would digest the huge amount of new loans in the following months, the report said.     Industry insiders have said credit extended by China's banks in April may have dropped to above 600 billion yuan after staying at above 1 trillion yuan for three straight months.     The central bank said new lending from commercial banks focused on government-backed projects. It encourages more bank loans to be channeled to small and medium-sized enterprises as they play an important role in the national economy and in increasing employment.     The central bank said in the first-quarter monetary policy report it would continue to instruct financial institutions to extend new loans, despite the earlier surge.     The pick-up in bank lending is conducive to stabilize the financial market and boosting market confidence, PBoC said. Meanwhile, the bank urged lenders to improve credit quality to avoid a possible rebound in bad loans.     There have been "positive changes" in the economy in the first quarter, the bank said, echoing remarks made by Premier Wen Jiabao last month.     The quarter-on-quarter growth is improving, compared to the fourth quarter of last year, it said, without giving specific figures.     China's economy expanded 6.1 percent in the first quarter, the lowest pace in 10 years and down from 9 percent in the fourth quarter last year.     The central bank also said foundations for the recovery are not solid, as uncertainties in external economies still exist and private investment is yet to become active with new lending concentrated on government projects.     In listing uncertainties ahead, the bank said the country still has to battle against the financial crisis that is unfolding and a collapse in external demand that is hurting exports.     The country is also under great pressure to create enough jobs and from a slower growth in residents' income, which would suppress future consumption, it said.     The bank also warned overcapacity and insufficient demand may drive prices lower in the country with the world economy in a downturn.     But it also said continued falls in prices may become less likely along with the world recovery, a turnaround in the national economy and fast credit growth.     "Prices of primary products and assets may rebound quickly once investor confidence is restored, as the global credit is relatively loose thanks to injection of liquidity and stimulus packages across the world," the bank said.     The central bank also said it was concerned that the extraordinary monetary policy adopted by other major economies would result in inflation risks.     It referred to the quantitative easing policy adopted by the U.S., Japan, Britain and Switzerland to pump cash into their economies.     The quantitative easing policy meant increasing currency supply through purchasing mid- and long-term treasury bonds after central banks cut interests rates to near zero.     The extraordinary monetary policy harbored huge risks for international financial markets and the global economy, said the central bank.     It would increase the risk of global inflation, said the central bank, suggesting it would create new assets bubbles and inflation if central banks of major economies failed to mop up thehuge liquidity when the global economy recovered.     "A policy mistake made by some major central banks would put the whole world in risk of inflation," it said.     The quantitative easing policy would also make exchange rates of major currencies more volatile, according to the report.     The central bank cited the U.S. move to purchase treasury bond in March as an example, saying although the dollar had appreciated against other major currencies, it fell after the purchase.     PBoC said the policy would leave the bond markets subject to fluctuations.     It said massive purchase of mid- and long-term treasury bonds may keep yield at a low level. But in the long run, as the financial markets returned to stability and the economy recovered, inflation expectations would grow, interest rates would rise, and bond prices would adjust sharply, according to the report.

靖江什么治疗早泻

BEIJING, June 2 (Xinhua) -- The China Investment Corporation (CIC), the country's sovereign wealth fund, announced Tuesday that it decided to buy 1.2 billion U.S. dollar common stocks in Morgan Stanley's 2.2-billion-U.S.-dollar common stock offering.     Morgan Stanley announced Tuesday it had priced a public offering of common equity of 2.2 billion U.S. dollars. The proceeds are intended to fully redeem the preferred capital of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) before the end of June.     The TARP is a program of the United States government to purchase assets and equity from financial institutions in order to strengthen its financial sector. It is the largest component of the U.S. government's measures in 2008 to address the subprime mortgage crisis.     Morgan Stanley notified the CIC of the offering in light of its healthy business relationship with CIC and the preemptive rights CIC holds. CIC plans to participate in this offering, according toa notice on its Web site.     CIC was optimistic in Morgan Stanley's future development as "Morgan Stanley is widely expected to be able to leverage on its strengthened financial position and will be on the road of resuming its successful trajectory amid the dramatic restructuring of the international financial services industry".     On December 19, 2007, CIC purchased 5.6 billion U.S. dollars mandatory convertible securities into Morgan Stanley common stock, representing approximately 9.86 percent equity ownership in Morgan Stanley.     However, after Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc.'s investment in Morgan Stanley in October 2008, CIC's equity ownership was diluted to approximately 7.68 percent.     This new purchase would bring CIC's equity ownership in Morgan Stanley back to approximately 9.86 percent, effectively reducing CIC's overall cost basis and increasing the returns potential, said CIC.     According to a statement posted on Morgan Stanley Web site Tuesday, it has priced a public offering of approximately 80.2 million shares of common stock to the public at 27.44 dollars per share.     CIC has agreed to purchase 44.7 million shares of common stock at the public offering price while the Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. has agreed to buy 16 million shares, the Morgan Stanley statement said.

BEIJING, July 1 (Xinhua) -- The Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) of China's manufacturing sector stood at 53.2 percent in June, the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing (CFLP) said Wednesday.     The figure was up 0.1 percentage points from May, when the index fell 0.4 percentage points from the previous month.     A reading of above 50 suggests expansion, while below 50 indicates contraction.     The PMI includes a package of indices that measure economic performance. The survey, conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics, covers purchasing and supply managers at more than 700 firms across China.     The output index was 57.1 percent, up 0.2 percentage points from a month ago. The new order index fell to 55.5 percent from 56.2 percent in May and 56.6 percent in April.     The purchasing price index climbed 4.7 percentage points to 57.8 percent, the seventh monthly increase since December.