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BEIJING, Nov. 9 (Xinhua) -- China will take 10 major steps to stimulate domestic consumption and growth as it turns to an "active" fiscal policy and "moderately easy" monetary policy, an executive meeting of the State Council said on Sunday.     Here are the 10 major steps:     -- Housing: Building more affordable and low-rent housing and speeding the clearing of slums. A pilot program to rebuild rural housing will expand. Nomads will be encouraged to settle down.     -- Rural infrastructure: Speeding up rural infrastructure construction. Roads and power grids in the countryside will be improved, and efforts will be stepped up to spread the use of methane and to ensure drinking water safety. This part of the plan also involves expediting the North-South water diversion project. Risky reservoirs will be reinforced. Water conservation in large-scale irrigation areas will be strengthened. Poverty relief efforts will be increased.     -- Transportation: Accelerating the expansion of the transport network. That includes more dedicated passenger rail links and coal routes. Trunk railways will be extended and more airports will be built in western areas. Urban power grids will be upgraded.     -- Health and education: Beefing up the health and medical service by improving the grass roots medical system. Accelerating the development of the cultural and education sectors and junior high school construction in rural western and central areas. More special education and cultural facilities.     -- Environment: Improving environmental protection by enhancing the construction of sewage and rubbish treatment facilities and preventing water pollution in key areas. Accelerating green belt and natural forest planting programs. Increasing support for energy conservation and pollution-control projects.     -- Industry: Enhancing innovation and industrial restructuring and supporting the development of the high-tech and service industries.     -- Disaster rebuilding: Speeding reconstruction in the areas hit by the May 12 earthquake.     -- Incomes: Raising average incomes in rural and urban areas. Raising next year's minimum grain purchase and farm subsidies. Increasing subsidies for low-income urban residents. Increasing pension funds for enterprise employees and allowances for those receiving special services.     -- Taxes: Extending reforms in value-added tax rules to all industries, which could cut the tax corporate burden by 120 billion yuan (about 17.6 billion U.S. dollars). Technological upgrading will be encouraged.     -- Finance: Enhancing financial support to maintain economic growth. Removing loan quotas on commercial lenders. Appropriately increasing bank credit for priority projects, rural areas, smaller enterprises, technical innovation and industrial rationalization through mergers and acquisitions.     These 10 moves are expected to have positive effects on cement, iron and steel producers amid a boom in infrastructure investment. Commercial lenders will benefit as loan ceilings are abolished, and medium-sized and small companies are likely to benefit from preferential policies.

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BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media selected the 10 most popular phrases from the past three decades to mark the official 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, which falls on this month.     When China began to reform and open-up 30 years ago, people began experiencing, seeing and doing new things. In fact things were so new, they needed to create new words to describe what was happening.     In order of popularity, starting with number one:     "Go in for business"     In the 1980s when China was starting to transition from a planned economy to a market economy, it had a two-track pricing system (official and market prices) for industrial raw materials, including steel, non-ferrous metals, timber and coal.     Seeing business opportunities within the pricing system, many people, especially government employees and those from state-run factories or institutes, quit their jobs to open their own businesses.     "Going for business" was often used to refer to the phenomena of people breaking away from the constraints of a planned system to embrace the market economy.   "Be laid off and get re-employed"     To adapt to the market economy and improve competitiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the 1990s, China began restructuring.     "Encouraging mergers, standardizing bankruptcy, laying off and reassigning redundant workers, streamlining for higher efficiency" was a guideline in the SOEs reforms.     No official statistics show how many workers were laid off during that period, but experts estimate the number could be tens of millions.     To avoid social unrest and help most of those workers find new jobs, the Chinese central government offered occupational trainings, small loans and preferential tax policies.     "Migrant worker"     China's reform and opening-up drive started in rural areas in 1978 with collectively-owned farmland contracted to individual families. This freed about 100 million peasants from farm work.     However, most of these people were tied to the countryside by a residence-based rationing system for virtually everything, including food. About 63 million of these former farmers were given jobs in village-run enterprises that mushroomed in those days.     A policy change in 1984 allowed them to find jobs in cities but the massive migration of rural laborers didn't start until after China decided to move to a market economy in 1992.     The rapid inflow of investors created many construction, factory and mining jobs, most of which urban dwellers consider too tiring or dirty.     The number of migrants grew from 60 million in 1992 to 120 million in 2003 and 210 million this year, according to central government figures.     The work of the migrant population has generated 21 percent of China's gross domestic product in the past 30 years, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has found. But migrant workers face various problems, including delayed pay schedules, no or low work-place injury compensation, lack of health care and little schooling for their children.     "It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice."     This sentence was used by late leader Deng Xiaoping, chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, on different occasions to clear up doubts as to whether the economic reform was capitalist or socialist.     The sentence helped stop ideological arguments at the early stage of reform and encouraged generations of Chinese to pursue their dreams in the market economy.   "Surfing the Internet"     The Internet was introduced in China more than 10 years ago. It quickly gained popularity and impacted society.     While online music, instant communication services, video streaming and online games greatly entertained millions of Chinese, the Internet also became a powerful news medium where information was disclosed, shared and publicized quickly.     Through June, China had 221 million netizens, according to the Data Center of China Internet (DCCI). The netizen population, which had already surpassed that of the United States to become the world's largest, would increase to 263 million by the end of this year, DCCI forecasted.     E-commerce transactions amounted to 2 trillion yuan (about 300 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007 and 25 percent of netizens had bought something online after "surfing the Internet" as of June this year.   "Reform and opening-up"     In 1978, a group of villagers from Xiaogang village in eastern Anhui Province decided to adopt a household contract responsibility system, which entrusted the management and production of public owned farmland to individual households through long-term contracts.     Later the system, described by then Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping as "a great invention of Chinese farmers", was widely adopted across the country and triggered economic reform.     Over the past 30 years, the country witnessed significant changes in comprehensive national strength, people's living standards and international influence thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.     China's share of the world's combined gross output rose to 6 percent at the end of 2007, compared with just 1.8 percent in 1978when its reform and opening-up began, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).     Fast economic growth over the past 30 years lifted China's GDP ranking in the world from 10th in 1978 to fourth after the United States, Japan and Germany     According to the NBS, China's per capita income jumped to 2,360U.S. dollars in 2007 from 190 U.S. dollars in 1978.     "Beijing Olympic Games"     Many believe that without opening-up, it would be impossible for China to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics.     The Games, commended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge as "truly exceptional", were seen by the world as China's come-of-age show on the international stage.     China grabbed a total of 100 medals at the Beijing Games -- a coincidence as the country dreamt for 100 years to be the Olympic host -- and overtook the United States to top the gold medal count with 51.     As the most watched Games in history, with an estimated 4.5 billion TV and Internet viewers, the Beijing Olympics attracted the most participants, who were from a record 204 countries and regions.     "Speculate in stocks"     In 1990, China opened its first stock exchange in Shanghai, the country's industrial and financial center. In 1991, it set up its second bourse in Shenzhen, the country's first special economic zone.     China witnessed waves of stock crazes over the years and fluctuations in the stock market touch the nerves of millions of Chinese.     In 2007, the country saw a bull stock market, with the key benchmark Shanghai Composite Index soaring from 2,728 points in January to 5,261 points, or 92.85 percent, on December 28.     In fact, the market has been on a bullish run for 29 months from June 6, 2005 to November 2007, longer than the general bullish market cycle of 17 to 24 months.     But it has dipped since last November.     "Chinese characteristics"     The phrase became well-known as an answer by late leader Deng to the question of how China could improve its productivity and people's lives with its less-developed economy.     Deng's answer was "to build socialism with Chinese characteristics". It means China has its own way of development rather than copying other countries' experiences.     The phrase is frequently quoted by the Chinese and used in China's official documents.     "Rise abruptly"     The phrase, or "Xiong Qi" in Chinese meaning "Go! Go!", is a dialect of southwest China's Sichuan Province. It was originally used by football fans to inspire teams in the 1990s.     The phrase soon became popular among the Chinese public and was used widely outside the sports field to encourage people to keep up their spirits.     After the May 12 earthquake in Sichuan, Chinese used the phrase to show their care and support to the quake-affected areas and people.     The 10 phrases were selected by 15 Chinese media, including the Beijing Evening News, the Shanghai Evening Post, the Tianjin-based Jin Wan Bao, the Guangzhou-based Yangcheng Evening News and the Shanxi Evening News.     Newspapers, which are based in 15 provinces and municipalities, started soliciting catch phrases from the public in October, according to the Beijing Evening News.     The list, voted on by readers and netizens, was publicized in Shanghai on Saturday.

ADDIS ABABA, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- At the invitation of Ethiopian Federal Council Speaker Degefi Bula, Chinese top legislator Wu Bangguo on Saturday afternoon arrived here to begin an official visit to Ethiopia on the third leg of his five-nation Africa tour.     In a written statement released at the airport upon his arrival, Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, highlighted the rapid growth of the China-Ethiopia relations in the past 38 years since the two nations forged diplomatic relations, noting that the bilateral cooperation between the two nations have yielded remarkable achievements in fields such as economy and trade, culture, public health and tourism. Wu Bangguo (R), chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, the country's top legislature, hugs the girl presenting flowers to him at the airport in Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, Nov. 8, 2008. Wu Bangguo arrived in Addis Ababa for an official goodwill visit to Ethiopia on Nov. 8. "We have witnessed the best ever relations and I hope my visit would help promote traditional friendship and cement cooperation with mutual benefit in an effort to bring the China-Ethiopia all-round and cooperative partnership to a higher level," Wu said in the written statement.     In addition to Degefi, Wu is scheduled to meet with Ethiopian President Girma Wolde Giorgis, Prime Minister Meles Zenawi, Speaker of Council of People's Representatives Teshome Toga to exchange views on bilateral relations and other regional and international issues of common concern.     Wu is also expected to visit the African Union (AU) headquarters in Ethiopia's capital. It is the first visit to the AU headquarters by a Chinese top legislator.     Wu arrived here after he concluded his official visit to Algeria and Gabon. After Ethiopia, he will travel to Madagascar and Seychelles.

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BEIJING, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) -- Railway stations across China expect to handle a record of 188 million passengers heading home to family for the Lunar New Year holidays. That's up 8 percent year-on-year, the Ministry of Railways (MOR) said here on Thursda y.     "With 150 more trains in operation, trains can carry 4.48 million travelers every day, up 180,000 compared with the same period of 2008," MOR spokesman Wang Yongping told Xinhua.     The 40-day travel period, built around the Spring Festival, lasts from Jan. 11 to Feb. 19.     Wang said railways across the country will face a great amount of pressure as the Lunar New Year, which usually arrives in February, falls on Jan. 26.     "Students and employees nationwide are heading for home for an early holiday, while migrant workers are also returning home earlier this year as many manufacturers they work for have cut or ceased production amid weak market demand," said Wang.     "When most people will be moving around at the same time, an earlier-than-usual travel rush is around corner."     Transport safety is MOR's top concern. Railway departments nationwide are examining maintenance and transport facilities to ensure a smooth operation, according to the ministry.     At the same time, MOR released an emergency mechanism on Monday in preparation for possible severe weather such as snow storms and fog.     Hundreds of thousands of passengers were stranded at railway stations in southern China before this year's Spring Festival as blizzards paralyzed transportation.

BEIJING, Jan. 11 (Xinhua) -- Four U.S. ambassadors in Beijing on Sunday eyed a continued China policy under the Obama administration.     "I am optimistic that U.S-China ties will continue to improve and remain steady in the years ahead. In fact, they are getting better," former U.S. ambassador to China James Sasser told reporters on the sidelines of a reception marking the 30th anniversary of China-U.S. diplomatic relations.     Sasser was one of about 200 personages from the two countries attending Sunday's reception, held in the U.S. new embassy in Beijing.     Sasser, who served as ambassador from 1996 to 1999, said he didn't see "significant tensions" in current bilateral relations and believed there would be more improvements in the years ahead.     Echoing Sasser's view, another former U.S. ambassador to Beijing Winston Lord said, "Overall, the American policy with China will remain essentially the same under the Obama administration."     "If you look at what Obama has been saying about U.S.-China relations, look at what type of people he has been appointing to key foreign policy positions, these suggest great continuity," said Lord, who was one-time aide to Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and part of the U.S. delegation during Richard Nixon's ground-breaking visit to China in 1972.     "We had 7 presidents since President Nixon, both democratics and republicans. All of them have pursued essentially the same policy with respect to China," said Lord, who served as ambassador to China between 1985and 1989.     "It doesn't mean we won't have problems. But I think interests are much bigger than our problems," he said.     Stapleton Roy, who served as ambassador in Beijing from 1991 to 1996, said the Obama administration would continue to cooperate with China. "There are so many issues the two countries have to deal with in the world. The have to work together."     Looking to the future, Roy said the most serious issue the two countries have to deal with is the economic crisis. He called for the two countries to work more closely and take concerted actions.     "In 1979, who among us would have thought that 30 years later the United States and China would be meeting regularly on regional hot spots in third countries or they would be working together to deal with the world financial crisis," current U.S. Ambassador in Beijing Clark Randt told the reception.     As a metric of the development of bilateral relations, Randt said there were 36 Americans working in the U.S. embassy in Beijing in 1979.     "In October 2008, when we moved to this new building, we had a staff of 1,100, the second biggest U.S. embassy in the world," Randt said.     "The new embassy itself was a tangible expression to the importance of the development of U.S.-China relations, the most important bilateral relationship in the world."     As the world gets more complicated, Randt said interdependence and complementariness between the two countries would become even more important and the relationship would continue to get better.

Jia Qinglin (L), member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China Central Committee Political Bureau and chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), meets with Chairman of Chinese Taiwan's ruling Kuomintang party Wu Poh-hsiung in Shanghai, east China, on Dec. 19, 2008.     SHANGHAI, Dec. 19 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisor Jia Qinglin met with visiting Kuomintang (KMT) chairman Wu Poh-hsiung and honorary chairman Lien Chan respectively here Friday.     Wu and Lien were here to attend the 4th Cross-Straits Economic, Trade and Cultural Forum, scheduled for December 20 to 21.     The relations across the Taiwan Strait has realized positive interactions with efforts by both sides, by the Communist Party of China (CPC) and KMT, under a principle of building mutual trust, laying aside dispute, seeking consensus and shelving difference, and creating a win-win situation, said Jia.     "We truly hope compatriots from the two sides will join hands and the CPC and KMT will work together to create a new stage of peaceful development across the Strait."     When the international financial crisis affected both sides of the Strait, the mainland and Taiwan should cooperate to face it and find a way out, he said. "We could feel the difficulties Taiwan people are facing now." Jia Qinglin (R), member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China Central Committee Political Bureau and chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), meets with Chairman of Chinese Taiwan's ruling Kuomintang party Wu Poh-hsiung in Shanghai, east China, on Dec. 19, 2008.     The Cross-Straits Economic, Trade and Cultural Forum will be a favorable platform of dialogue for the two sides, he added.     "We are very pleased to see that the cross-Strait dialogue was resumed after a ten-year standstill and direct links of transport, trade and mail services were realized. These achievements are hard won," Wu said.     The meeting between CPC Central Committee General Secretary Hu Jintao and then KMT Chairman Lien was of far reaching significance, he said.     "Once we decided to head for a peaceful development, we will move on instead of backing up," he said. "KMT has the courage to overcome difficulties and persistently push forward the peaceful development of the cross-Strait relations." Jia Qinglin (R), member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China Central Committee Political Bureau and chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), meets with Lien Chan, honorary chairman of Chinese Taiwan's ruling Kuomintang party, in Shanghai, east China, on Dec. 19, 2008.     Lien said he was excited to see the new situation of the cross-Strait relations this year.     The previous three Cross-Straits Economic, Trade and Cultural Forums created a favorable and close environment of dialogue, he said. "At the coming forum, representatives of various walks of life from both sides shall exchange ideas and reach common understanding. This is what people on the both sides expect."

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  BEIJING, Dec. 26 (Xinhua) -- The three warships forming the small fleet that set sail from Sanya in south China's Hainan Province for escort mission off Somali are among the most sophisticated vessels of the Chinese navy.     The flagship of the fleet, DDG-169 Wuhan, is a multi-purpose missile destroyer of Type 052B of the People's Liberation Army Navy. It was built by Jiangnan Shipyard of Shanghai in 2002. A ceremony is held before a Chinese naval fleet sets sail from a port in Sanya city of China's southernmost island province of Hainan on Dec. 26, 2008. The Chinese naval fleet including two destroyers and a supply ship from the South China Sea Fleet set off on Friday for waters off Somalia for an escort mission against piracy.    With a displacement of 7,000 tonnes, DDG-169 Wuhan is equipped with 16 anti-ship missiles, 48 surface-to-air missiles, close-in weapons system and a helicopter.     DDG-171 Haikou, the Navy's latest destroyer model, is one of the two Type 052C destroyers. It was built by Jiangnan Shipyard in2003. Photo taken on Dec. 25, 2008 shows the Chinese Navy's supply ship Weishanhu in Sanya, capital of South China's Hainan Province. The Chinese Navy's three-ship fleet awaiting sail to waters off Somalia has finished its preparations for the overseas deployment, the fleet commander said Thursday.     DDG-171 Haikou is equipped with China's first generation of phased-array radar and a vertically launched long-range air defence missile system. It will provide air defense the fleet. The ship displaces nearly 7,000 tonnes.     Type 052C destroyers provide the Navy with China's first true aerial defense capability. Both the Wuhan and Haikou have a maximum speed of 30 knots.     The supply ship, Weishanhu (pennant number 887) of the Navy's Qiandaohu class, was launched by Huangpu Shipyard in Guangzhou in 2003. It was commissioned in 2004. Weishanhu is the Navy's first model designed to have round-the-clock supply capacity.     Having a displacement of 23,000 tonnes and maximum speed of 19 knots, Weishanhu is the biggest homemade multi-product replenishment ship. Although its primary role is supply, it can also defend itself and take part in offensive operations using its eight 37mm guns.     All three warships belong to the South China Sea Fleet, headquartered in Zhanjiang of Guangdong Province.     The task force commander is Real-Admiral Du Jingchen, who serves as chief of staff of the South China Sea Fleet.     En route to the Gulf of Aden and waters off Somalia, the commander told Xinhua that the expedition has not been given any landing plans and Chinese warships will not accept assignment from other countries or regional organizations.     "But we will exchange information with other country's escort ships and provide humanitarian help in our power to foreign vessels in danger," Du said. Specification source

BEIJING, Dec. 25 (Xinhua) -- The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislature, studied the implementation of the Law on Labor Contract and the Law on Compulsory Education Thursday at a plenary session.     The legislative session was attended by Wu Bangguo, chairman of the NPC National Committee, and presided over by Chen Zhili, vice chairwoman of the NPC Standing Committee. The third plenary session of the sixth session of the 11th Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress(NPC) is held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, on Dec. 25, 2008. Wu Bangguo, chairman of the Standing Committee of the NPC, attended the session.    Lu Yongxiang, vice chairman of the top legislature, read a report at the session on the practice of the Law on Compulsory Education, which was put into force in 1986 with an overall revision in 2006.     The top legislature checked the implementation of the law in 2007 and 2008, respectively.     Over the past two years, Lu said, the law has entered the stage of an overall popularization throughout the country as it has been fully supported by the state finance and the policy of free compulsory education has been achieved.     But there have been difficulties for the implementation of the law in rural areas, including the lack of funds and quality teachers and the existence of safety problems for school buildings and management in the countryside.     Hua Jianmin, vice chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, made a report on the implementation of the Law on Labor Contract, which went into effect on Jan. 1, 2008. The top legislature checked the practice of the law from mid-September to mid-October, he said.     According to Hua, the implementation of the new law is good in general as the number of labor contracts signed has witnessed a remarkable rise this year and the rights of transient workers from rural areas have been better protected.     However, the practice of the law has met new problems since October, when the impacts of the current global financial crisis spread and the growth of world economy slowed down, he said.     Hua urged that more efforts should be made to publicize the law, so as to better implement it and give greater attention to the protection of laborers' rights.     At the session, the lawmakers also heard reports on the handling of 462proposals and 6,279 pieces of suggestions, comments and criticisms from NPC deputies during the First Session of the Eleventh NPC in March 2008.     Meanwhile, the meeting heard reports on the amendments of the Law on Earthquake Relief and the Patent Law. The NPC Law Committee suggested that the top legislature approve the two amended laws.     It also heard a report on Wu's recent visit to five African nations and the Commission of the African Union.

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