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BEIJING - Zhang Bing grew up in remote Inner Mongolia, where his family herded sheep and raised chickens. Today he's a manager in a glittering karaoke club 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) away in a booming eastern Chinese city. Zhang, 26, is part of a huge wave of rural workers streaming into China's cities in search of work and opportunity. A UN report released Wednesday said more than half of China's population - now 1.3 billion people - will be living in urban areas within 10 years. Government officials say an estimated 150 million people moved to China's cities between 1999 and 2005, providing labor to fuel the country's breakneck economic growth. "From 1980 to 2030, the population of China will go from being 20 percent urban to almost two-thirds urban. We're in the middle of that transformation. Within the next 10 years we'll cross that halfway mark," said William Ryan, the United Nations Population Fund's information adviser for Asia and the Pacific region. The agency's State of World Population 2007 report says more than half the world's population will live in cities and towns in 2008, with the number expected to grow to 60 percent, or 5 billion people, by 2030. Asia is at the forefront of this demographic shift, expected to nearly double its urban population between 2000 and 2030, from 1.4 billion to 2.6 billion. Zhang moved to Tianjin after high school and earns about US0 (euro370) a month at the Oriental Pearl karaoke club. He saves two-thirds, and is thinking of opening a store to sell knockoff purses. He said he expects to have a wife, house and car - "an Audi, definitely" - within 10 years. Like 80 percent of migrant workers in China, Zhang is under 35 and works in the service industry, which along with construction and manufacturing employs most migrant workers. But his story, told in the UNFPA's youth supplement, is atypical. Although most workers have only a middle school education, Zhang finished high school and attended business school in Tianjin. His salary is much higher than the average worker's 500 to 800 yuan (US to 5; euro48 to euro78) a month, according to Duan Chengrong, a demographics professor at Renmin University. In comparison, a typical Beijing urbanite makes about 2,000 yuan (US0; euro193) a month. Migrant workers generally cram themselves into rented housing on the outskirts of town, with an average of five square meters (50 square feet) of living space per person and no heat, running water or sanitation facilities, Duan said. At many construction sites, the workers lodge in ramshackle dormitories, or even in tents pitched on a nearby sidewalk. China's government has taken measures to "avoid the emergence of urban slums and the transformation of rural poor to urban poor," said Hou Yan, deputy director of the social development department in China's Development and Reform Commission. She mentioned programs such as establishing a minimum living standard, providing medical and educational assistance, and supplying affordable housing and basic public services. Hou did not give details of the programs. China's urbanization is unique in that it stems largely from migration instead of natural population growth. The Communist government that took control in 1949 imposed residency rules as part of strict controls on where people could live, work or even whom they could marry. It was not until recent years that rising wealth and greater personal freedoms eroded the system, allowing farmers to move to cities. The UNFPA estimates that, in less than a decade, China will have 83 cities of more than 750,000 people. Zhang, who spoke at the news conference where the UNFPA report was released, believes cities are the future of China. Before taking the job at the karaoke club, he made money teaching Chinese to foreign students, selling phone cards and running a copy shop. "In order to get employed, what is most important is to be diligent," he said. "Only when you work hard can you get good results."

SHENYANG, March 6 (Xinhua) -- A total of nine descendants of the Chinese painter Qi Baishi have made agreements with one of 19 publishers and received books worth 100,000 yuan (14,051 U.S. dollars) as compensation over copyright infringement, a local court said on Thursday.     The Chinese Drama Publishing House contacted Qi's descendants and decided to give them books worth 200,000 yuan with a 50 percent discount as compensation after the court handed down the petition paper on Feb. 26, according to Shenyang Municipal Intermediate People's Court on Thursday.     Qi's offspring will have 90 percent copyright of the pirated book "Wu Changshuo and Qi Baishi's Seal Cutting" during the next 49 years and the publishing house has the remaining ten percent, according to their agreement.     Qi's descendants sued 24 publishers for 10 million yuan (1.3 million U.S. dollars) in damages for copyright infringement in December 2007. The court accepted 19 of them.     The claims were made against publishers based in Shanghai, Chongqing and other places, according to documents from the court.     Qi Bingyi, the painter's grandson said all the art works of his grandfather should enjoy the protection of copyright for 50 years after his death in 1957, but the publishers printed, published and sold the copies of the works without permission and also failed to pay contribution fees.     The largest damages claim ranged from 100,000 yuan to more than three million yuan.     The evidence that the plaintiffs collected included more than 100 items, including books, gold coins, paintings and seals.     The court began hearing four of the suits on Feb. 25 and a decision is yet to be handed down.

Joseph Li Shan was ordained on Friday as the new Catholic bishop of Beijing, filling the vacancy left by the late Bishop Michael Fu Tieshan who passed away in April.Father Li Shan, the new Catholic bishop of Beijing, walks out of the Southern Catholic Church following the appointment ceremony in Beijing, September 21, 2007. [Reuters]Li, 42, was appointed to the influential post at a ceremony in the city's 400-year-old Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception at Xuanwumen, Xicheng District in Beijing.The ceremony began with a procession of seminarians, nuns, priests and bishops, including ordaining prelate John Fang Xingyao from Linyi Diocese in East China's Shandong Province, and bishops from other major dioceses in China, who were serving as coordinating prelates.During the ceremony, Li took a traditional oath of service to the church, which has 50,000 followers in Beijing.He also promised to "lead all the priests, seminarians and nuns of this diocese in adhering to the nation's Constitution and maintaining national unification and social stability".Representatives from the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association and the Bishops' Conference of the Chinese Catholic Church, as well as more than 70 priests and more than 1,000 worshippers attended the ceremony.Proceedings were broadcast to those outside via loudspeaker and closed-circuit television.Overseas media reported earlier that Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone described Father Li as a "good and qualified" candidate after his election by the Beijing diocese in July."We welcome the attitude of the Vatican. It signals progress in our relationship," Liu Bainian, vice-president of the Chinese Catholic Patriotic Association, said.Li was elected bishop-designate by an overwhelming majority over three competitors by priests and nuns of the Beijing diocese and representatives of Church followers on July 16, after his predecessor Michael Fu Tieshan passed away on April 20.Born in 1965, Li, who used to be a priest at Beijing's St Joseph's Church in the capital's Wangfujing commercial area, graduated from the Chinese Catholic Academy of Theology and Philosophy.He was ordained as a priest by Bishop Fu 1989.You Suzhen, a 75-year-old Catholic, said the new bishop was well liked in the diocese, and had rich experience as an administrator, academic and parish priest."I am confident he will be a good successor to Bishop Fu," You said."I'm sure he'll do a great job in uniting and leading us," Sun Xiang'en, a Beijing priest who helped train Li as a seminarian, said.Li was the second bishop ordained this year, after 40-year-old Paul Xiao Zejiang was ordained as coadjutor - the designated successor to the current Bishop Anicetus Wang Chongyi - in Guizhou Diocese earlier this month.Liu said the Catholic body has so far received six applications to fill vacant bishoprics in Guizhou, Guangzhou, Yichang, Beijing, Ningxia and Hohhot. The Chinese mainland has 5 million Catholics under 97 dioceses.

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BEIJING, March 22 -- When outsiders try to put a lens on the lives of Shanghai's migrants - a group receiving more attention these days - they may well encounter problems of access and privacy. After all, they're on the outside looking in.     In the "My Shanghai" project, however, around 50 children of migrant workers were taught basic photography, armed with cameras, given a roll of film and told to tell their own stories.     The exhibit opens today at TwoCities Gallery at 50 Moganshan Road. Proceeds from sales of some photos will be donated to the Jin Hu Primary School in Minhang District.     On two recent Saturdays, around 35 Chinese and expat volunteers visited the school to glimpse a world quite unlike their own - and to help kids share that world.     Together they taught basic photography to four classes of sixth-graders at the school for migrants' kids. Four expats were the instructors; Chinese volunteers translated.     Film cameras, mainly provided by individuals and schools in the United States, were given to the students to capture their own lives.     The 11 most evocative winning photos have been enlarged and exhibited with around 100 smaller pictures.     "My Shanghai" was launched with a screening of the Academy Award-winning documentary "Born into Brothels," attended by most volunteers. It's about a similar photography project in the red-light district of Kolcata (Calcutta), India.     Eva Ting, director of TwoCities Gallery, wanted to undertake a similar project in Shanghai where little is known about migrant workers and their families. The group is receiving more attention nationwide as many complained of job discrimination and other problems.     "(The film) struck me as a powerful way to bridge the distance between peoples who perhaps don't fully understand each other," says Ting. The 29-year-old Chinese American hopes to hold a summer art camp for the migrant workers' children.     Ting is among an increasing number of artists in Shanghai stepping out of their studios to help migrant students. "My Shanghai" aims to empower the children and give them confidence to express themselves creatively through photography and art. It also aims to increase awareness of the situation and problems of migrant workers and their families.     "Having a foreigner and a Chinese working together and teaching migrant children about photography is really important in showing them they are important individuals," says Grayson Stallings, 23, one of the American teachers. "We want to let them know that we find real importance in what the children see and we can't see what they do except through them."     The photographs have a raw and authentic quality: free from formal aesthetic considerations, they give an insight into the little-seen world of migrant families.     The top prize went to a simple picture of a birdcage against a blank white wall. The message of the cage, of course, is that migrant children are restricted and confined; the blank wall suggests a lack of opportunities. It was taken from a position below the cage and distant, suggesting the young photographer was looking on.     Another photo presents a leafless tree in winter, its branches reaching high into the sky, as if seeking freedom and opportunities. The young photographer shoots upward, but the sky is empty. This image, along with nine other "picks," will be sold in postcard size for 15 yuan (US.10)     Other pictures take an unflinching look at shabby furnishings, wistful siblings hugging toys for sale, and simply happy play with friends in the street.     "I want to show everyone my family," says 15-year-old He Chuanqi.         Other students feel the same. Most used half the shots on their 36-roll film to take pictures of their families.     The project is also important to the volunteers as it brings together expats and Chinese.     "It was great finally getting to know a small but nevertheless real part of Shanghai rather than just hanging out in a separate world of our own," says Daniel Allegri,22,an American assistant in the photography class.    

Finance Minister Xie Xuren and his Japanese counterpart Fukushiro Nukaga have agreed to work jointly to end the controversy created by allegedly contaminated China-made dumplings.Chinese Finance Minister Xie Xuren (L) shakes hands with Japan's Finance Minister Fukushiro Nukaga at the latter's office in Tokyo, February 10, 2008. [Xinhua]At the first-ever ministerial-level meeting since the food scare in Japan, the two ministers vowed to "keep searching for the real cause" that made 10 people fall ill after eating the dumplings."We must cooperate in the investigation to get to the root of the problem and to prevent such an incident so that it doesn't become an obstacle to our friendship," Nukaga told reporters in Tokyo yesterday. "And he (Xie) said he completely agreed (with the idea)."The two also agreed to hold another dialogue next month in Tokyo. Xie was in Japan to attend expanded discussions and meetings of the Group of Seven financial ministers. Representatives of Russia, South Korea and Indonesia were also invited to the deliberations.The ministerial-level meeting came four days after Lunar New Year's Eve, when Chinese and Japanese officials met in Tokyo and said they were ready to cooperate in the investigation.China is willing to fully cooperate and share information with Japan, Li Chunfeng, head of the five-member Chinese delegation, told reporters after the third round of talks at the Japanese Cabinet Office on February 6.The country had set up a joint investigation team with Japan to get to the truth as soon as possible, Li said, calling for an objective attitude and scientific measures to solve the problem.A joint investigation team that on Tuesday inspected the plant of Tianyang Food, which made the dumplings, did not find any "abnormality" with the production process."The plant (in Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei) is very clean and well managed, and no abnormality was detected," Japanese delegation chief Harashima Taiji said on Wednesday.Chinese and Japanese journalists, too, visited the plant, where production was suspended on January 30. The plant employs about 800 people.Also on Wednesday, Japanese Health Minister Yoichi Masuzoe said someone could have deliberately tried to contaminate the dumplings."Judging from circumstantial evidence, we'd have to think that it's highly likely to be a crime," Masuzoe said in Tokyo.Chinese police and law enforcers in Japan's Hyogo prefecture, where the 10 people fell ill, have already set up a joint task force to probe the case.In a joint announcement, Hyogo police said that after finding large amounts of the pesticide methamidophos on and small holes in some of the dumpling packages they suspected someone deliberately tried to poison the product.Tianyang reiterated it has never used methamidophos and that the dumplings were always packed immediately after coming off the production line.China Daily - Agencies

BRUSSELS - Javier Solana, European Union top diplomat, expressed here on Thursday his concern over Taiwanese leaders' comments on the Chinese province's application for UN membership."I have noted with concern the comments made by Taiwan's leadership on October 24 concerning Taiwan's application for UN membership under the name of Taiwan," Solana said in a statement."The EU has a substantial interest in peace and stability in East Asia. It has a particular interest in the continued prosperity and security of Taiwan and in the maintenance of peaceful relations across the Taiwan Strait," he said.    The fundamental position of the EU is that the Taiwan question must be solved peacefully through cross-Strait negotiations between all concerned parties."We have concerns about the current policy of Taiwan's authorities to pursue a referendum on the question of UN membership in the name of Taiwan," Solana said, adding "This concern flows from the EU's conviction that both sides of the Strait should refrain from statements or actions which might raise tension across the Strait and which might be perceived as a unilateral change in the status quo."The proposed referendum would risk making it harder for Taiwan to enjoy the pragmatic participation in the activities of specialized multilateral fora, "when there are clear public interests for this and when statehood is not required." he said"I therefore want to encourage both sides to take further initiatives aimed at promoting dialogue, practical cooperation and confidence-building," he concluded.

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XI'AN -- Lawmakers in Northwest China's Shaanxi Province enacted a law on Saturday that is intended to improve protection of the Qinling Mountains, a habitat of endangered giant pandas.The law, which will take effect on March 1, is aimed at preserving biodiversity, preventing soil erosion (which averages 84 million tons a year) and promoting harmony between man and nature in the mountain range, which is a divide between China's north and south.It requires all future development projects in the Qinling Mountains to be assessed for their possible impact on the ecology and bans real estate projects and polluting industries in nature reserves, where the ecology is more vulnerable.The law also bans mining and resource exploration in nature reserves and forest parks.Local governments must ensure immediate demolition of existing projects that are potentially harmful to the ecology, it says.The Qinling range, which largely spans Shaanxi Province, covers more than 50,000 square kilometers.The range is home to approximately 300 Qinling pandas, a sub-species of giant pandas on the verge of extinction, and many other rare animals under state protection, such as golden monkeys, the red ibis and antelopes.

WASHINGTON -- The special US envoy on Sudan affairs said Wednesday that important progress has been made toward peace talks on Darfur and China plays a "constructive" role in facilitating such progress."I am very happy with the role the Chinese are playing," Andrew Natsios said in a speech at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Washington-based think tank."It is a constructive role," Natsios said. "I think the Chinese are like a locomotive that is speeding up."With mediation by China, he said, the Sudanese government has accepted a UN Security Council resolution adopted in July to authorize a hybrid UN-African Union peacekeeping force for the Darfur region.He said the major obstacles to the peace talks now come from the rebel groups rather than the Sudanese government.In a related development, China's Special Representative on African Affairs Liu Guijin said in Beijing on Tuesday that China will send a military liaison officer to Sudan's Darfur.Liu, who has just wrapped up a seven-day visit to the United States and the United Nations, said China has informed the UN of its decision.China also pledged to send a 315-member multi-functional engineering unit to Darfur in early October, which would be the first batch of UN-AU peacekeepers in place, and China will stick to its commitment, Liu said.Liu reiterated China's constructive and unique role in finding a solution to the Darfur issue, saying China has provided much aid and help with regard to the reconstruction and development of Darfur."The US and UN both hold positive views on China's role in resolving the Darfur issue, and hope China will play a bigger role in this regard," said Liu.

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WASHINGTON -- At high-level economic talks that wrap up Wednesday, China is urging frustrated US officials to be patient as the two powers work to manage a delicate trade relationship. The United States, by contrast, is pushing for quick action. The talks began Tuesday and could yield some results, including increased US airline flights to China and a lowering of barriers to sales of American energy technology products in China. Senior US officials have tamped down expectations of major breakthroughs, however, as they described the meetings as strategic discussions, not negotiating sessions. US Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez said the twice-a-year talks are "all about the long-term; developing a common understanding of the future." Still, the US side made a point of noting simmering frustration. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson said Americans are by nature impatient people; Gutierrez described the "need to make progress in all areas as soon as possible." The urgency is reflected in an increasingly restive US Congress, where lawmakers are considering a spate of bills that would impose economic sanctions on China. Many blame America's soaring trade deficits and the loss of one in six manufacturing jobs since 2000 in part on claims of Chinese currency manipulation and copyright piracy. In blunt words, Chinese Vice Premier Wu Yi cautioned the United States against making accusations. "We should not easily blame the other side for our own domestic problems," Wu said through an interpreter. "Confrontation does no good at all to problem-solving." Wu, known as a tough negotiator, said that both countries should "firmly oppose trade protectionism." She warned that any effort to "politicize" the economic relationship between the two nations would be "absolutely unacceptable." Wu and her delegation were scheduled to meet privately this week with major congressional leaders. The US delegation raised the issue of food safety highlighted by such incidents as the deaths of pets who had eaten pet food made with tainted wheat gluten imported from China. US Labor Secretary Elaine Chao, briefing reporters at the end of the first day of talks, said Agriculture Secretary Mike Johanns had made a forceful presentation to the Chinese about the concerns Americans have about food safety. In response, she said, Chinese officials sought to assure the Americans that they would fully investigate any problems discovered. Democratic Sen. Edward M. Kennedy and four other senators urged the Bush administration in a letter to get Chinese commitments to cooperate in investigations into food safety, saying that the way China currently handles the issue is unacceptable. Paulson created the talks last year as a way to get the countries' top policy makers together twice a year to work toward reduced trade tensions. The first meeting was in Beijing last December.

NEW YORK - The overheating of the Chinese stock market is a structural problem that will be resolved by developing more financial products and cracking down on illegal activities, a Chinese securities regulatory official said Thursday. Hu Bing, deputy director-general of the market supervision department at the China Securities Regulatory Commission, said at a conference in New York that authorities are seeking to roll out more products to broaden investors' options, such as real estate investment trusts, or REITs, as well as listed infrastructure funds. Other eventual offerings will include derivatives products such as stock-index futures and warrants. These products will be launched "when conditions are ready," Hu said at a China Investment Forum sponsored by Merrill Lynch and Institutional Investor. He said he couldn't provide a clearer timeline for when those products would be ready. Hu acknowledged a "liquidity surplus problem" that is contributing to the overheating of the Chinese stock market and noted that hot-money inflows coming in through illegal channels are exacerbating the problem. Tackling the liquidity issue is a long-term project that "cannot be resolved just by (raising) the interest rate," Hu said. "So the structural problem has to be resolved using structural measures." Earlier this week, the Chinese government tripled its stamp tax on stock trades in an effort to rein in the equity market. The Shanghai Composite Index more than doubled in 2006 and is still up around 50 percent so far in 2007. Hu said China's capital markets are still young and face a "golden opportunity" to develop their depth and breadth. The majority of individual investors rely on rumors or inside information to make their decisions, leading to speculative gains in stocks, he said. Hu said authorities are stepping up efforts to crack down on insider trading, "but because this is a transitioning society in an emerging market, it will take a long time."