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BEIJING -- As the world marked International Human Rights Day on Monday, a Chinese expert in the field has documented his country's work in the area through a new article chronicling achievements that have been made over the past five years.Dong Yunhu, vice president of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, the largest nongovernmental organization in the human rights field in China, listed in his article some major facts outlining the fruits that have been reaped.In the newly-amended constitution of the Communist Party of China (CPC) adopted at October's 17th Party Congress, one of the landmark changes was that in the paragraph of "promoting socialist democracy", it said the Party "respects and safeguards human rights".It was the first time the CPC considered the development of human rights as an important aspect of national development.In November 1991, the Information Office under the State Council published its first-ever white paper entitled "Human Rights in China", stressing that full access of human rights was socialist China's "sublime goal".In March 2004, parliament adopted an amendment to the constitution that inserted the clause declaring "the state respects and safeguards human rights", putting human rights protection under the legal umbrella of the state.In March 2006, China for the first time wrote "human rights protection" in the country's national economic and social development plan as a part of the modernization drive.In his article Dong wrote: "Over the past five years, the most prominent progress in China's human rights protection is the 'mainstreamlization' and entry of human rights into the country's political life."The public's right to know, right to supervise has been constantly expanded. How state organs operate, how legislators work becomes increasingly transparent, Dong said.He pointed out that as a developing country with 1.3 billion population, China was still confined by historic, economic and social conditions. It had met many obstacles in the development of human rights."The economic, social and legal systems in China are far from mature and unbalanced development occurs between the rural and urban areas and among different regions," Dong said. He noted that "thorny issues in such aspects as employment, social security, income distribution, education, medicine, housing and safe production, had all effected public interests.However, he was confident that "human rights conditions in China would gradually improve along with the modernization process" as long as the country "unswervingly implements human rights protection principles and actively promotes democratic and legal construction".

New statistics showing a continuous rise in house prices fly in the face of numerous media reports that domestic property prices have already started to decline in some cities.Policymakers should step up efforts to curb surging house prices now to avoid a later rush for homes in fear of further price hikes.Housing prices in 70 large- and medium-sized cities rose 10.5 percent year-on-year in November. The rise, 1 percentage point higher than that of October, hit a new high, undermining the government's efforts to stabilize house prices.As part of its macroeconomic controls to cool economic growth that is bordering on overheating, the government has introduced a host of tightening measures to rein in soaring house prices.For instance, the banking authorities recently made a strict definition of "second home" according to the property owned by the families of mortgage applicants rather than just the applicant.The rule will deal a heavy blow to speculative homebuyers as they will have to make a higher down payment and cannot enjoy preferential interest rates. In some cities, it was such speculative house purchases that considerably fuelled runaway property price hikes.Besides, the government also decided to adopt a tight monetary policy to check credit growth. In the absence of easy access to bank loans, it is believed that some developers may cut prices to promote sales due to liquidity concerns instead of hoarding houses for fatter profits.Under such circumstances, media reports from across show the country that house sales are shrinking and prices are plunging in cities that once boasted jaw-dropping amounts.It is surely not difficult for these reports to find an audience. Rocketing house prices in recent years have made home ownership a heavier than ever burden for most potential buyers.However, the latest house price data has proved it is only too premature to conclude that the property market has reached a turning point. The November figure indicates that the momentum of property price hikes in major cities remains strong.Only when the government substantially increases the supply of affordable homes for low-income groups and provides more land lots for development can the imbalance of demand and supply in the property market be addressed.

The authorities are considering a central system to award individuals' achievements in various fields to regulate such honors now being given out by local governments and agencies, said officials."The country is forging ahead to study the setting up of a national system of honors and a government framework for awards," said Yin Weimin, minister of personnel.Research on two specific laws to administer awards and confer medals is already being carried out, Yin said in a conference over the weekend.The National People's Congress has discussed laws on systems to give out awards and medals as early as 1993, but no agreement has been reached because of the complexity of such systems, experts said."Effective government awarding methods are positive ways to motivate society to learn from the merits of individuals," said Wang Xiongjun, a researcher with Peking University."And the establishment of core honors in an award system, as national honors and medals for certain fields, will bring China in line with international standards," Wang said.Currently, China has various rules set up by government agencies to award individuals including civil servants and civilians who make contributions in certain fields, but almost all these lack detailed descriptions on awarding procedures and methods, said Wang.There have also been cases where officials were nominated for awards in controversial selection processes - sometimes involving large amount of prize money - that were said to lack transparency.For instance, judge Song Yushui from the Haidian District People' Court was up for an award worth a million yuan (5,600) in 2005 given by the Beijing municipal government for being one of the "outstanding individuals" of the year.But critics said Song should not receive such an award since her "achievements" were expected of her as a judge.To prevent such situations, there should be guidelines and principles set under an awards system, said Hua Xiaochen, an expert on public institutions with a research body under the Ministry of Personnel.The main role of an awards system is to provide examples of merit for the public to learn from and not to focus on large prizes, Hua told the Legal Daily.

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A special assistance center was set up in Beijing Prison recently where policewomen, who are also qualified counselors, provide help for special "clients", male prisoners who are serving long sentences, Beijing Youth News reported on July 5. A policewoman counselor chats online with an inmate at a counseling and education center in Beijing Prison. [ynet.com] The police use computers with Internet access and chat through web cameras with lifers to help ease their psychological problems especially with those who have difficulty communicating. A short message service is also available for them to contact their families. The newly-established center is composed of policewomen. Due to regulations in prisons, the policewomen are not allowed to communicate with prisoners face-to-face, according to Lu Yanyan, the director of the center for counseling and correctional education in the Beijing Bureau of Prison Administration. "The work of counseling used to be the responsibility of policemen," explains Lu. "But because they are also officials who enforce correctional education on the prisoners, those who have psychological problems are reluctant to open their hearts to share their troubles. That's why policewomen fill this need." Wearing civilian clothes, not uniforms, the five policewomen appear much closer to the people they counsel. Though not face-to-face, the prisoners encounter a friendly and kind smile and feel more relaxed to talk openly about their feelings and emotions. A prisoner who was sentenced to life imprisonment seldom talked as he was abandoned by his family. But when a counselor surnamed Ren started to make appointments with him, he "became happier than before," as Ren put it. The special short message service is free for lifers. They can send as many messages as they want, but every message is checked by the officers. The quantity of messages sent and received currently is about 1,500 a day. Another prisoner told the reporter, even though he was concerned about his child's education and could not solve the problem himself, he felt more comfortable after he poured out his troubles to the counselor. As the counseling and correctional education director explains, it is important to provide counseling for those with long sentences, Lu says crimes are always the result of psychological problems and the prisoners are also disturbed by depression and anxiety in confinement.

BEIJING - China welcomed Sudan's acceptance of a joint African Union- United Nations peacekeeping force for the country's troubled Darfur region. A Sudanese diplomat in Ethiopia confirmed on Wednesday that Sudan has accepted the mission after receiving assurances that a "hybrid" AU-UN force of 17,000 to 19,000 troops will not be open-ended and Sudan will remain in control of its borders. "China welcomes the deployment of a hybrid AU-UN force in Darfur and the joint statement," Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said in a statement posted on the ministry's Web site late Wednesday. "The facts have shown that dialogue and equal negotiation is an effective approach to political solution of the Darfur issue, and the consultation between AU, UN and Sudan is an effective mechanism," Qin said. China recently appointed a special representative for Africa to focus on Darfur, and has publicly urged Khartoum to give the UN a greater role in trying to resolve the conflict. The Darfur conflict began in 2003 when local rebels took up arms against the Sudanese government, accusing it of decades of neglect. Sudanese leaders are accused of unleashing the pro-government Arab militia, the janjaweed, to fight them - a charge they deny.

BEIJING -- The Chinese government on Sunday promulgated a revised decree to strike the activities of driving up prices through hoarding or cheating.The revision was made on the basis of regulations passed in 1999 and amended in February 2006 by the State Council.The new decree, effective as of Sunday, raises the maximum fine to 1 million yuan(US,000), which almost triples the sum in the old regulations, for those who manipulate market prices and ignore the prices advised by the government under emergencies.Commercial associations which deliberately spread rumors on price information can be fined at a maximum of 500,000 yuan. Those who severely violate the decree may have their legal certificates revoked.The State Council and local governments can set profit ratios or price ceilings for key items of goods and services when prices rise too sharp, according to the decree.

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The government will get tough on those involved in illegal activities and speculation to cool the country's booming property market, a leading construction official said Thursday."We are in the middle of a campaign to regulate the property market and will crack down hard on anyone engaged in illegitimate activities such as stockpiling land and bidding up prices," Qi Ji, vice-minister of construction said at a press conference."We will expose and punish unscrupulous developers and do everything we can to prevent price hikes driven by non-market factors," he said.Qi said the government will also introduce differentiated tax and credit policies to deter people from buying property for investment purposes and control the demand for large apartments.Citing Beijing as an example, Qi said one of the key factors behind the skyrocketing prices was the influx of buyers from outside the city."Figures show more than a third of the commodity houses in Beijing were bought by people from outside the city," he said.And the figure is more than 50 percent for high-end properties in central areas, he said.The situation has led to an imbalance between supply and demand in these areas and prices are soaring, Qi said.House prices in the capital showed a year-on-year increase of 11.6 percent last month, the highest this year.Qi said governments must put greater emphasis on the development of low and middle-priced housing and small to medium-sized apartments to stabilize housing prices.In an effort to help ease the housing problems of low-income families in urban areas, the State Council recently rolled out a series of policies including the establishment of a low-rent system, the construction of more affordable homes and a large-scale program to renovate shantytowns.Qi said 10 million low-income families nationwide have housing problems, most concerning a lack of living space of less than 10 sq m per person."They cannot afford houses on the open market, which is why governments must help them," he said.

BEIJING -- Timothy Keating, US Pacific Command commander-in-chief, will visit China from January 13 to 16, the Chinese Ministry of National Defence (MND) said on Tuesday.During Keating's China stay, senior Chinese generals and officials from the Central Military Commission, the General Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Guangzhou Military Area Command and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will meet him separately, the foreign affairs office of the MND said in a press release.The Chinese officials were expected to widely exchange views with Keating on Sino-US military ties, the Taiwan issue, and international and regional affairs of common concern, according to the press release.The four-day tour would also take Keating to the country's financial hub of Shanghai, and Guangzhou, capital of the southern Guangdong Province. There, he was scheduled to visit the PLA military institutions and bases and hold a seminar with Chinese military officials."China takes positive attitude toward developing military relations with the United States, and hopes Keating's visit could further enhance understanding, expand consensus and boost cooperation, so as to promote the bilateral military ties to grow steadily in the new year," the release said.The MND was consulting with the US side on detailing arrangements of the visit.Keating was visiting China for the second time since being appointed to the post in March. He was last here in May.

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XINTAI, Shandong -- Fifty million yuan (US.6 million) has been donated for miners from the two flooded collieries and their families in east China's Shandong Province by Sunday noon, according to local sources.The money shall be used for rescue work, consolation for relatives of the trapped miners, and subsidy for other miners as operation of the mines is suspended.Among the donators, the China National Coal Group Corp. was the first to offer a large amount -- one million yuan (US1,578.9). Following suit was the the adjacent Xinwen Coal mine that donated 3.2 million yuan (US1,052.6).After the accident, governments of Jinan and Qingdao, two big cities in Shandong, each donated three million yuan (US4,736.8); Jining and Laiwu, the neighboring cities of Xintai, provided two million yuan (US3,157.9) and one million yuan respectively.Individuals were also involved in the nationwide effort, among whom was Gao Runze, who donated 20,000 yuan and 10 tons of disinfectors worth about 30,000 yuan. Gao had been trapped in a flooded coal mine 58 years ago and was rescued with 30 fellows.A garbage collector Li Quan who lives in the Huanyuan residential quarter donated 200 yuan. "Many miners and their relatives helped me a lot in the past," he said, "I don't have much money but this is what I can do."Flood water swept through a 65-meter wide breach in the Wenhe River levee on August 17, inundating the Huayuan and Minggong mines, leaving 181 people trapped underground.Chinese water resources specialists have blamed the disaster largely on heavy rain and inadequate flood prevention facilities.Local government publicized a donation phone number +86 539 7837050, and old miners of Huayuan called on for donations to help miners and their families tide over the disaster.Eight pumps are busy working in the mines, piping out 4,129 cubic meters of water per hour.By 6 pm Sunday, water level in the shaft of Huayuan coal mine has dropped to 61.54 meters, 30.46 meters down from the highest level. But rescuers have to lower the water level by another 91.54 meters to reach the 172 trapped miners.In the nearby Minggong coal mine, water level has lowered to 61.92 meters.Apart from the rescue work, consolation work was also underway for the families of the trapped workers. The tragedy had a heavy blow on the company's community, and one out of every 50 families has someone trapped down the pit.Sixty family members had been hospitalized with high blood pressure or heart problems, said Huangpu Tinghua, deputy general manager of Huayuan Mining Co. Ltd.Earlier at this weekend, the families of 172 miners trapped in it had each received 2,000 yuan (US6). And officials said China would not give up on the 181 trapped miners.

Beijing is bulging as its population has exceeded 17 million, only 1 million to go to reach the ceiling the city government has set for 2020.The figure breaks down into 12.04 million holders of Beijing "hukou", or household registration certificates, and 5.1 million floating population, sources with the Ministry of Public Security said at Monday's workshop on the country's management of migrants.Beijing municipal government announced last year it would limit its population to 18 million by 2020.Overpopulation is putting considerable pressure on the city's natural resources and environment. And experts have warned the current population, 17 million calculated at the end of June, is already 3 million more than Beijing's resources can feed.Given this year's baby boom, triggered by the superstitious belief that babies born in the Chinese year of the pig are lucky, analysts say there is little hope for an immediate slowdown in Beijing's population growth, even with the post-Beijing Olympics lull and soaring housing prices that have driven some Beijingers to boom towns in the neighboring Hebei Province and Tianjin Municipality.Migrants, especially surplus rural laborers who have taken up non-agricultural jobs in the city, have forcefully contributed to the population explosion in recent years.About 200 million migrants are working in cities across China.Last year, Ministry of Public Security proposed police authorities in the migrants' home province should send "resident police officers" to cities to help maintain public security at major migrant communities, many of which are slums that are prone to violence, robberies, drugs and gambling.Resident policemen are currently at work in three cities: Dongguan, a manufacturing center in Guangdong Province, Binzhou of the central Hunan Province and Guigang of the southern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The ministry has also demanded all cities to complete a management information system of migrants' data by the end of 2009.