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BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media selected the 10 most popular phrases from the past three decades to mark the official 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, which falls on this month.     When China began to reform and open-up 30 years ago, people began experiencing, seeing and doing new things. In fact things were so new, they needed to create new words to describe what was happening.     In order of popularity, starting with number one:     "Go in for business"     In the 1980s when China was starting to transition from a planned economy to a market economy, it had a two-track pricing system (official and market prices) for industrial raw materials, including steel, non-ferrous metals, timber and coal.     Seeing business opportunities within the pricing system, many people, especially government employees and those from state-run factories or institutes, quit their jobs to open their own businesses.     "Going for business" was often used to refer to the phenomena of people breaking away from the constraints of a planned system to embrace the market economy. 　　"Be laid off and get re-employed"     To adapt to the market economy and improve competitiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the 1990s, China began restructuring.     "Encouraging mergers, standardizing bankruptcy, laying off and reassigning redundant workers, streamlining for higher efficiency" was a guideline in the SOEs reforms.     No official statistics show how many workers were laid off during that period, but experts estimate the number could be tens of millions.     To avoid social unrest and help most of those workers find new jobs, the Chinese central government offered occupational trainings, small loans and preferential tax policies.     "Migrant worker"     China's reform and opening-up drive started in rural areas in 1978 with collectively-owned farmland contracted to individual families. This freed about 100 million peasants from farm work.     However, most of these people were tied to the countryside by a residence-based rationing system for virtually everything, including food. About 63 million of these former farmers were given jobs in village-run enterprises that mushroomed in those days.     A policy change in 1984 allowed them to find jobs in cities but the massive migration of rural laborers didn't start until after China decided to move to a market economy in 1992.     The rapid inflow of investors created many construction, factory and mining jobs, most of which urban dwellers consider too tiring or dirty.     The number of migrants grew from 60 million in 1992 to 120 million in 2003 and 210 million this year, according to central government figures.     The work of the migrant population has generated 21 percent of China's gross domestic product in the past 30 years, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has found. But migrant workers face various problems, including delayed pay schedules, no or low work-place injury compensation, lack of health care and little schooling for their children.     "It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice."     This sentence was used by late leader Deng Xiaoping, chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, on different occasions to clear up doubts as to whether the economic reform was capitalist or socialist.     The sentence helped stop ideological arguments at the early stage of reform and encouraged generations of Chinese to pursue their dreams in the market economy. 　　"Surfing the Internet"     The Internet was introduced in China more than 10 years ago. It quickly gained popularity and impacted society.     While online music, instant communication services, video streaming and online games greatly entertained millions of Chinese, the Internet also became a powerful news medium where information was disclosed, shared and publicized quickly.     Through June, China had 221 million netizens, according to the Data Center of China Internet (DCCI). The netizen population, which had already surpassed that of the United States to become the world's largest, would increase to 263 million by the end of this year, DCCI forecasted.     E-commerce transactions amounted to 2 trillion yuan (about 300 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007 and 25 percent of netizens had bought something online after "surfing the Internet" as of June this year. 　　"Reform and opening-up"     In 1978, a group of villagers from Xiaogang village in eastern Anhui Province decided to adopt a household contract responsibility system, which entrusted the management and production of public owned farmland to individual households through long-term contracts.     Later the system, described by then Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping as "a great invention of Chinese farmers", was widely adopted across the country and triggered economic reform.     Over the past 30 years, the country witnessed significant changes in comprehensive national strength, people's living standards and international influence thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.     China's share of the world's combined gross output rose to 6 percent at the end of 2007, compared with just 1.8 percent in 1978when its reform and opening-up began, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).     Fast economic growth over the past 30 years lifted China's GDP ranking in the world from 10th in 1978 to fourth after the United States, Japan and Germany     According to the NBS, China's per capita income jumped to 2,360U.S. dollars in 2007 from 190 U.S. dollars in 1978.     "Beijing Olympic Games"     Many believe that without opening-up, it would be impossible for China to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics.     The Games, commended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge as "truly exceptional", were seen by the world as China's come-of-age show on the international stage.     China grabbed a total of 100 medals at the Beijing Games -- a coincidence as the country dreamt for 100 years to be the Olympic host -- and overtook the United States to top the gold medal count with 51.     As the most watched Games in history, with an estimated 4.5 billion TV and Internet viewers, the Beijing Olympics attracted the most participants, who were from a record 204 countries and regions.     "Speculate in stocks"     In 1990, China opened its first stock exchange in Shanghai, the country's industrial and financial center. In 1991, it set up its second bourse in Shenzhen, the country's first special economic zone.     China witnessed waves of stock crazes over the years and fluctuations in the stock market touch the nerves of millions of Chinese.     In 2007, the country saw a bull stock market, with the key benchmark Shanghai Composite Index soaring from 2,728 points in January to 5,261 points, or 92.85 percent, on December 28.     In fact, the market has been on a bullish run for 29 months from June 6, 2005 to November 2007, longer than the general bullish market cycle of 17 to 24 months.     But it has dipped since last November.     "Chinese characteristics"     The phrase became well-known as an answer by late leader Deng to the question of how China could improve its productivity and people's lives with its less-developed economy.     Deng's answer was "to build socialism with Chinese characteristics". It means China has its own way of development rather than copying other countries' experiences.     The phrase is frequently quoted by the Chinese and used in China's official documents.     "Rise abruptly"     The phrase, or "Xiong Qi" in Chinese meaning "Go! Go!", is a dialect of southwest China's Sichuan Province. It was originally used by football fans to inspire teams in the 1990s.     The phrase soon became popular among the Chinese public and was used widely outside the sports field to encourage people to keep up their spirits.     After the May 12 earthquake in Sichuan, Chinese used the phrase to show their care and support to the quake-affected areas and people.     The 10 phrases were selected by 15 Chinese media, including the Beijing Evening News, the Shanghai Evening Post, the Tianjin-based Jin Wan Bao, the Guangzhou-based Yangcheng Evening News and the Shanxi Evening News.     Newspapers, which are based in 15 provinces and municipalities, started soliciting catch phrases from the public in October, according to the Beijing Evening News.     The list, voted on by readers and netizens, was publicized in Shanghai on Saturday.

GENEVA, Jan. 23 (Xinhua) -- The World Economic Forum (WEF) is "very proud" that it has managed to maintain "very positive" ties with China, a senior WEF official has said.     "We all know that China is an important factor in the future evolution and development of worldwide economy. So we are all very interested in what China will be doing," said Andre Schneider, managing director and chief operating officer of the Geneva-based organization.     In a recent interview with Xinhua before next week's opening of the 2009 WEF annual meeting, also known as the Davos Forum, in the Swiss Alpine skiing resort Davos.     More than 40 heads of state or government, including Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, and some 1,400 business leaders, have confirmed their participation at the five-day meeting scheduled to deal with the ongoing financial crisis and other global challenges.     Premier Wen's participation will certainly be "a unique opportunity" for the world to better understand what are the plans of the Chinese leadership to deal with the crisis, Schneider said.     Schneider noted the first two WEF annual meetings of the new champions, dubbed "Summer Davos Forum," were both held in China, in Dalian in 2007 and Tianjin a year later.     The success of the "Summer Davos Forum," a gathering of new multinational companies from China and across the world to explore the mechanisms of continued and sustainable growth, indicated the strong collaboration between the two sides, he said.     The WEF's choice of China as the host of the "Summer Davos Forum" was "an absolutely right one," he said.     Schneider noted that cooperation between the WEF and China started in 1979, when China first sent a delegation to the Davos Forum.     China and its economic growth has been a topic of interest for participants at the Davos Forum in recent years.     In June 2006, the organization opened a representative office in Beijing, which aims to deal with all interactions with China. "It's a clear sign of our deepened collaboration," he said.

BEIJING, Jan. 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese exporters face an increased risk of not being paid for their goods as foreign banks run out of cash and some overseas importers evade paying debts, China's Ministry of Commerce (MOC) warned Monday.     "The cases of malicious debt evasion and breach of contracts by importers in certain countries or regions are on the rise," said the ministry in a notice. It attributed the phenomenon to the impact of the deepening global financial crisis.     The MOC urged local governments, guilds and overseas Chinese businesses to more closely monitor the credit of foreign importers.     Priority should be placed on tracking the credit ratings of foreign lenders, it said.     The ministry also called on local governments to support the development of export credit insurance and encourage exporters to carry such insurance by reducing premiums.     From January to November last year, China Export & Credit Insurance Corporation (SINOSURE) provided 56.5 billion U.S. dollars of guarantee for exporters against credit risks such as payment default. That is 63.6 percent higher than the same period a year earlier. The reason for the increase is that more exporters sought insurance, company figures show.     SINOSURE is China's only policy insurance company undertaking export credit insurance.     In that period, SINOSURE paid 210 million U.S. dollars of indemnities, up 174.5 percent from the same period of 2007.     In December, the insurer reduced credit ratings for a record 48countries, including the United States. A total of 191 countries were reappraised in December.

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ANKARA, Nov. 26 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisor Jia Qinglin arrived here Wednesday, starting an official goodwill visit to Turkey as guest of Koksal Toptan, speaker of the Turkish Grand National Assembly.     In a written statement delivered upon arrival at the airport, Jia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), said both China and Turkey have a long history and splendid culture, and friendly exchanges between the two peoples date back to ancient times. Jia Qinglin (Front,L), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), is welcomed upon his arrival at the airport in Ankara, capital of Turkey, Nov. 26, 2008. Jia started an official goodwill visit to Turkey on Wednesday    "We are satisfied with the ever-expanding cooperation between China and Turkey in the political, economic and other fields since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1971," said Jia.     He said he is convinced that with efforts from both sides, China-Turkey friendship and cooperation will register new and even bigger development.     During his visit, Jia will have an in-depth exchange of views with Turkish leaders on how to further consolidate and strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation.     "I sincerely hope that my visit will further enhance the friendship between the two peoples and our bilateral cooperation in all fields so as to the benefit our two countries and peoples," said Jia.     Turkey is the second leg of Jia's four-nation visit which has taken him to Jordan and will also take him to Laos and Cambodia.

BEIJING, Oct. 16 (Xinhua) -- China on Thursday extended sympathy over a Japanese consumer's sickness caused by eating China-made frozen green beans.     "We hope she will recover soon," Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang told a regular press conference when asked to comment on this case.     The Chinese government valued product quality and food safety, and attached great importance to this case, he noted.     According to Japanese media, a woman fell ill after eating the beans produced by a company in Yantai, a coastal city of east China's Shandong Province. The woman experienced numbness in her mouth after eating the beans on Sunday.     Japanese health authorities reportedly said they had detected 6,900 parts per million of organophosphate pesticide dichlorvos in the beans, or 34,500 times the maximum level the government allows for imports. No dichlorvos were found in other packaged beans.     Informed of this case, China immediately contacted with the Japanese embassy to China to size up situation, China's quality inspection authorities immediately went to Yantai to conduct investigation in the company, and local governments also set up a special group to assist the investigation, according to Qin.     Now the investigation is well under way, he noted.     According to the current result of the tests, the company's production facilities were normal, all production records were in order, and no hidden trouble was found in quality or safety, Qin said.     The management of the company conformed to the standards, he noted.     Moreover, this batch of products exported to Japan had passed tests before exportation and no pesticide residue, such as the dichlorvos or methamidophos, was detected.     Qin said the Chinese quality inspection department Wednesday once again tested the retention samples of the exported beans and found no pesticide residues.     He said the Chinese side has reported the initial investigation results to the Japanese side and made arrangement for the officials with the Japanese embassy to visit Yantai on Thursday tofind out relevant situation.     Qin also disclosed some information provided by the Japanese side which said relevant Japanese organization only found residue of dichlorvos in one bag of beans but found no such pesticide residues in other products of the same batch.     He said he has noted that the Japanese police and media recently both believed there is little possibility that the beans were polluted during the producing process, and that the case might not be a food safety incident but a man-made poisoning case.     The Japanese police has placed the case on file for investigation, he added.     He stressed that the Chinese government is ready to keep close contacts and cooperation with the Japanese side to find out the truth as soon as possible.

GENEVA, Jan. 23 (Xinhua) -- The World Economic Forum (WEF) is "very proud" that it has managed to maintain "very positive" ties with China, a senior WEF official has said.     "We all know that China is an important factor in the future evolution and development of worldwide economy. So we are all very interested in what China will be doing," said Andre Schneider, managing director and chief operating officer of the Geneva-based organization.     In a recent interview with Xinhua before next week's opening of the 2009 WEF annual meeting, also known as the Davos Forum, in the Swiss Alpine skiing resort Davos.     More than 40 heads of state or government, including Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, and some 1,400 business leaders, have confirmed their participation at the five-day meeting scheduled to deal with the ongoing financial crisis and other global challenges.     Premier Wen's participation will certainly be "a unique opportunity" for the world to better understand what are the plans of the Chinese leadership to deal with the crisis, Schneider said.     Schneider noted the first two WEF annual meetings of the new champions, dubbed "Summer Davos Forum," were both held in China, in Dalian in 2007 and Tianjin a year later.     The success of the "Summer Davos Forum," a gathering of new multinational companies from China and across the world to explore the mechanisms of continued and sustainable growth, indicated the strong collaboration between the two sides, he said.     The WEF's choice of China as the host of the "Summer Davos Forum" was "an absolutely right one," he said.     Schneider noted that cooperation between the WEF and China started in 1979, when China first sent a delegation to the Davos Forum.     China and its economic growth has been a topic of interest for participants at the Davos Forum in recent years.     In June 2006, the organization opened a representative office in Beijing, which aims to deal with all interactions with China. "It's a clear sign of our deepened collaboration," he said.

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BEIJING, Oct. 27 (Xinhua) -- General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Hu Jintao has urged Party schools at all levels to play more important roles in the Party and country's development.     Hu, also Chinese President and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remark when he gave a keynote speech to a meeting attended by delegates of the Party schools across the country in Beijing on Monday. General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Hu Jintao (C), also Chinese President and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, gives a keynote speech to a meeting attended by delegates of the Party schools across the country in Beijing, capital of China, Oct. 27, 2008. Xi Jinping (2nd L), president of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee and also member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, chaired the meeting. Senior leaders Li Changchun (2nd R), He Guoqiang (1st R) and Zhou Yongkang (1st L) also attended the meetingIn his speech, Hu stressed that to deal with various challenges and problems foreign and domestic, the Party and the government need a large number of officials who are capable, clean-handed and whom the people could trust.     "Party schools at all levels have an important responsibility in training and improving official's capabilities," Hu said in his speech. "Party committees at all levels should regard the Party school construction as one of the fundamental works."     Hu urged Party schools to adopt reforms and innovative policies in improving their qualities of education.     Party schools should act as a main channel for the Party to train officials on a large scale and increase their abilities to take both foreign and domestic situations into policy making, Hu said.     Party schools should also help the officials improve their abilities to govern the Party itself and resolve its internal problems, he added.     He said that Party schools should act as an important theoretical academy of the Communist Party.     Party schools are expected to provide theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics and make the theories understandable, acceptable and adoptable for the officials.     Innovation in socialism theories should be an essential job for the Party schools, Hu said in the speech, adding that the schools should also unite theories with practice and serve the Party and governments at all levels in decision making.     Another important role that the Party schools should play is imparting modern scientific knowledge, Hu said.     Party schools should cultivate officials with more loyalty to the Party, he said.     Xi Jinping, president of the Party School of the CPC Central Committee and also member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, chaired the meeting. Senior leaders Li Changchun, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang also attended the meeting.

BEIJING, Nov. 21 (Xinhua) -- The Communist Party of China's (CPC) top anti-corruption official on Friday urged tighter supervision and inspection to ensure the implementation of the central government's economic policies.     He Guoqiang, secretary of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), made these comments at a conference held before inspection groups headed for local governments.     The central government has announced steps to spur domestic demand and boost economic development in the face of the global economic slowdown.     A supervision work leading group, composed of the CCDI, the Ministry of Supervision, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the National Audit Office, has been set up to supervise the projects invested in by the central government and the implementation of economic policies.     Twenty-four groups will go to 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions to carry out inspections.     He asked inspectors to examine project plans, as well as approval and construction procedures, to ensure they were in compliance with laws and regulations.     Supervision over the management and use of money, as well as project quality, should be tightened, He said.     He, who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau, added that officials found taking bribes or embezzling funds should be severely punished.

天津seo关键词排名

BEIJING, Oct. 21 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao said the country's trade unions should play an active role in promoting coordinated labor relations on Tuesday.     Addressing a symposium attended by the newly-elected leaders of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) and representatives of the 15th national congress of the ACFTU, Hu said trade unions should listen to the employees and voice their opinions.     He called on trade unions to earnestly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of employees and coordinate labor relations to promote social stability.     He added that trade unions need reform and should explore new solutions to deal with problems. Chinese President Hu Jintao (2nd R) and Vice President Xi Jinping (1st R) talk with representatives of the 15th national congress of the All China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) in Beijing, capital of China, on Oct. 21, 2008    Hu said the country should give more resources to trade unions to facilitate innovation, in which the working class should be the driving force.     ACFTU's president Wang Zhaoguo also attended the meeting. He was elected president during the first session of the 15th ACFTU Executive Committee on Monday. It will be his third tenure.     China has the largest number of trade union members in the world, with membership increasing from 123 million in 2003 to 209 million this year.     "China's trade unions should unswervingly stick to building trade unions with Chinese characteristics," Vice President Xi Jinping said at the opening ceremony.     The congress is held every four years. The previous session convened in Beijing in September 2003, with more than 1,600 deputies present.

BRUSSELS, Jan. 30 (Xinhua) -- China and the European Union (EU) on Friday agreed to strengthen practical cooperation in jointly addressing the current global financial crisis.     The agreement came after talks between visiting Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, who arrived here on Thursday for a visit to the EU headquarters, and European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso.     Wen told Barroso that China, in its foreign relations, lays a strategic emphasis on developing the comprehensive strategic partnership with the EU, and promoting cooperation to jointly tide over the current difficulties should be a key task for both sides under current circumstances.     To this end, both sides need to trust and respect each other, treat each other equally and aim for mutual benefit, Wen said. In particular, China and the EU should address each other's major concerns and try to stave off disputes, he added.     Barroso said the EU and China have seen close, deep and fruitful relations, and, as two major forces in the world, many global issues cannot be solved without EU-China cooperation.     The EU is ready to promote dialogue and cooperation with China to elevate the comprehensive strategic partnership to a higher level, he said.     To jointly tackle the global financial crisis, China and the EU agreed to expand information exchanges between financial institutions, the central banks and financial supervisory and regulatory bodies.     Both sides pledged to promote trade and investment. China will continue to steadily expand market access and increase import from the EU, while the EU recognized China's achievement in promoting market economy.     Both sides agreed to support cooperation between small- and medium-sized businesses and to deepen cooperation in technological innovation in such areas as energy conservation, greenhouse gas emission reduction and health care.     China and the EU vowed to work together in mitigating and adapting to climate change, agreeing to boost cooperation in developing new energies, new energy conservation technology and a low-carbon economy.     The two sides also reached consensus on close coordination in macroeconomic policies and opposition to trade protectionism.     China and the EU on Friday signed cooperation agreements on aviation, work safety, clean energy and intellectual property rights protection.