苏联科学家笔下的援华岁月

圣诞节的祝福

BEIJING, Sept. 14 (Xinhua) -- Millions of Chinese have used this year's mid-Autumn Festival, which fell on Sunday, to get together with family and loved ones.     This year the Chinese government made the festival a three-day national holiday for the first time.     Railways and buses from Chengdu, capital in southwest China's Sichuan Province, carried 180,000 people to quake-battered cities in the province on the first day of the holiday on Saturday, according to the transport authority.     "The holiday gave us a break from work to go back home to see my parents in Shifang City, after it was hit by the earthquake in May," said a man surnamed Li, while waiting in a crowded bus terminal in Chengdu.     Radio broadcast at the terminal reported travel was difficult, because of repairs on the road or damage from the earthquake. Home-going passengers, many holding packages of mooncakes, stood waiting.     Li said the passengers shared a common understanding that the festival's tradition of family values made the trip home more meaningful, and people with painful memories of the disasters cherished such chance.     Elsewhere in the country, people preferred to share the holiday feeling at home or on short family trips to tourist spots, instead of going far for travel, according to travel agencies.     Leading Chinese travel services like China Travel Service and CCT Travel reported slack booking for Mid-Autumn travels.     A staffer at the CCT Travel's office in scenic Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southwest China said that travel for the week-long National Day holiday in Oct. was booked up. However, the business in the Mid-Autumn holiday was sluggish. Spectators hold placards that read "Welcome" and "Happy Mid-Autumn Day" during a match at the Beijing Olympic Green Tennis Court Sept. 14, 2008. People from around the world are gathering in Beijing and enjoying the Mid-Autumn Festival, a Chinese traditional festival for family reunions which falls on Sept. 14 this year. Liao Wei, manager of the Chongqing Office of China Travel Service, said that the company had planned in vain to open some new routes featuring the Mid-Autumn activities.     "We thought of something like a full-moon observing tour of scenic spots, but the market reaction to such ideas was bad," he said.     He said that after devastating disasters this year, Chinese people preferred a peaceful and consoling break such as family reunions over long-distance travels.     Folk experts held that the Mid-Autumn Festival is second only to the Spring Festival, or China's Lunar New Year, in conveying the core value of the Chinese nation -- family values. A woman takes pictures as her child looks at chrysanthemum at the Shangzhi Park in Harbin, capital of northeast China's Heilongjiang Province, Sept. 14, 2008This was why some law makers like Fan Yi, rector of the Foreign Languages College of Ningbo University in east China's Zhejiang Province, proposed to turn the festival into a national holiday last year.     "The Mid-Autumn holiday has the power to ease the home-bound travel spree in the Spring Festival, and help revive traditional values in the modern time," he said.     The festival tradition reminds people living far away from their native lands for better education conditions or better-paid jobs to go back to their family roots, he said.     The Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as the Moon Festival, falls on the 15th day of August on the lunar calendar. It is celebrated in many Asian countries.

BEIJING, Sept. 12 (Xinhua) -- A preliminary investigation confirmed the contaminated Sanlu baby milk powder as the cause of kidney stones in infants after a first-phase probe by experts, China's Ministry of Health said here on Friday.    An investigation team jointly organized by departments including the health, public security, agriculture ministries and quality watchdog examined the urine and kidney stones of the infant patients and found the substance melamine therein.     The investigation team, which is in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, where dairy producer Sanlu Group is based, is now coordinating with the local government to investigate the incident.     "Those responsible for the contaminated milk will face severe punishment," said an official with the team.     The team arrived in Hebei on Friday. After listening to the local government's report on its handling of the incident, they collected samples and documents from the Sanlu Group and the local quality testing agency. They also visited the affected babies in local hospitals and gave advice on the treatment.     Sanlu, one of China's leading dairy producers, found during an internal company investigation in August its powdered milk products were contaminated with melamine, according to the team's investigation. Parents of the babies with kidney stones tell the reporter about their kids' drinking state at a military hospital in Lanzhou, capital of northwest China's Gansu Province, Sept. 11, 2008. So far this year, Gansu Provincial Health Department has seen 59 kidney stone cases in infants, and at least one baby died as a result of kidney stones. Most of them live in rural areas of the province. There were no such cases in 2006 or 2007The statement didn't say why the company didn't release the findings until news reports exposed dozens of babies became sick with kidney stones after consuming the Sanlu brand of baby milk powder for a prolonged period.     Health experts said melamine is a chemical raw material. Ingestion can lead to stone formation in the urinary tract.     A thermosetting plastic, melamine has an appearance similar to milk powder. It is widely used in manufacturing fabric, glue, housewares and flame retardants.     "The substance gives the appearance of a high nitrogen level, which is an index to measure the protein content in food," a health expert told Xinhua. He declined to be named.     One baby in the northwest Gansu province died from the stones. At least 59 cases had been reported in Gansu and other provinces.     Sanlu had sealed off 2,176 tons of contaminated milk powder and recalled 8,210 tonnes from the market. There were still 700 tonnes in circulation. All the contaminated formula was produced before Aug. 6.     Supermarkets in some provinces had started to pull the milk powder off shelves.     The Health Ministry said on Friday it had launched a nationwide investigation into the contaminated milk formula. All local health agencies were to report cases of infants with kidney stones immediately. It also issued a treatment plan on its website (www.moh.gov.cn) to help hospitals deal with sick babies.

PYONGYANG, June 17 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping on Tuesday made a five-point proposal to strengthen bilateral ties and cooperation with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK).     Xi, who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, made the proposal while meeting with Yang Hyong Sop, vice president of the Presidium of DPRK's Supreme People's Assembly.     Firstly, Xi proposed maintaining the trend of mutual exchange of visits by high ranking officials, and strengthening political communication and close relations between the Chinese Communist Party and the Worker's Party of Korea.     China will continue to exchange views on governance and party construction with the DPRK, maintaining communication on important issues, he said. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping(4th L) talks with Yang Hyong Sop (3rd R), vice president of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) during a meeting in Pyongyang, capital of the DPRK, on June 17, 2008.    Second, he proposed the observance of "China-DPRK Friendship Year" in 2009 -- the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between the two countries.     The third point of his proposal is that both sides should strive to deepen cooperation in agriculture, light industry, information industry, technology, transportation and infrastructure construction in the border areas.     It should be a win-win cooperation, resulting in mutual benefits, the Chinese vice president said.     China will encourage large and creditable enterprises to invest in the DPRK, he said, adding that the two sides could upgrade a number of ports to enhance their loading and unloading capacity.     Fourth, Xi proposed the promotion of bilateral cultural exchanges.     China will welcome artists' groups from the DPRK to the 10th Asian Art Festival in September and will continue to send high-level art groups to the International Spring Art Festival held in Pyongyang each April, he said.     Finally, the Chinese vice president also proposed to strengthen bilateral coordination and cooperation in the six-party talks on the DPRK nuclear issue, and within the framework of the United Nations, to protect the interests of both countries.

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BEIJING, Oct. 8 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank on Wednesday announced cuts in both the interest rate and reserve-requirement ratio in the latest effort to boost the domestic economy amid worries over the deepening global financial crisis.     The deposit and lending rates would be lowered by 0.27 percentage points from Thursday and the reserve-requirement ratio would be down by 0.5 percentage points from Oct. 15, the People's Bank of China (PBOC) said.     "This was mainly out of concerns over an economic slowdown," said Ba Shusong, deputy chief of the Finance Research Institute under the Development Research Center of the State Council.     "The rate cut was expected as the world was faced with a cycle of interest rate cuts," he told Xinhua.     OUT OF SLOWDOWN CONCERNS     The loosening in monetary policy, the second such move in less than a month, highlighted the government's rising concern over the slowing economy and slumping capital market.     The PBOC cut the benchmark one-year lending rate by 0.27 percentage points on Sept. 16, the first rate cut in six years. It also lowered the reserve requirement at medium- and small-sized lenders by 1 percentage point as of Sept. 25.     Tang Min, China Development Research Foundation deputy secretary, echoed Ba's viewpoint.     Tang said the government made the move mainly out of concerns over domestic problems. "The deepening U.S.-originated credit crisis has impacted the psychology of Chinese and also the real economy," he told Xinhua.     Investors, gripped by lingering fears of global economic downturn, dumped equities to drive the stock market down 66 percent from its peak last October.     China's gross domestic product (GDP) expanded 10.1 percent in the second quarter of the year, marking a deceleration for four consecutive quarters.     Its exports, a major driver behind the economy, reported slowing growth this year as the credit crisis reduced overseas demand for its goods. This has led to the closures of tens of thousands of local exporters and also job losses.     Local businesses bore the brunt of higher borrowing costs and were even finding it difficult to get credit after last year's tightening measures aimed at curbing inflation and averting economic overheating.     The easing in inflation has given room for the authorities to loosen monetary policy. The consumer price index rose 4.9 percent in August, off from the 12-year-high of 8.7 percent in February.     "Inflation is no longer a threat with the declining commodities prices," Tang said.     The monetary policy has been starting to loosen and the trend would not change in the short term, said Zhuang Jian, an Asian Development Bank (ADB) economist. "The whole world doesn't have strong confidence in the economic outlook."     TAX CUT TO BOOST DEMAND     In another move to boost domestic demand, the State Council, China's Cabinet, said it would scrap the 5 percent individual income tax on savings interest earnings starting on Thursday.     China began levying a 20 percent individual income tax on interest earnings in 1999 to narrow the income gap and encourage consumption and investment. The tax rate was slashed to 5 percent on Aug. 15, 2007.     The income tax cut was a must as it would help alleviate the erosion on personal income by high prices, especially given the cut in the deposit rate, Li Yang, head of the Finance Research Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.     The tax cut, together with lower borrowing costs, would boost domestic demand, an increasingly more important driver of economy in the global credit crisis, Zuo Xiaolei, China Galaxy Securities chief economist, said.     GLOBAL COORDINATED RESPONSE     The move was also a timely response to the rate cuts by other major central banks and part of a coordinated effort to stem the global crisis, Tang said.     Six other major central banks, including the U.S. Federal Reserve, slashed interest rates on the same day to cope with the current financial crisis.     The U.S. Federal Reserve lowered its target for the federal funds rate by 0.5 percentage points to 1.5 percent. The Bank of England cut its rate by half a point to 4.5 percent and the European Central Bank cut by the same margin to 3.75 percent.     Central banks of Canada, Sweden and Switzerland took similar actions. The Bank of Japan said it strongly supported these policy actions.     Australia's central bank on Tuesday slashed the interest rate by 1 percentage point, the largest cut since 1992.

BEIJING, April 7 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said here on Monday the free trade agreement signed between China and New Zealand was of importance and profound significance.     Wen told New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark in their talks that the signing of the free trade accord "explored broad prospects for deepening mutually beneficial cooperation between the two countries". He added the China-New Zealand ties were faced with important new development opportunity.     The two reached consensus to push the China-New Zealand comprehensive, friendly and cooperative relations to a new high.     Wen hailed the vigorous development of China-New Zealand relations in recent years, saying the practical cooperation in every area had made constant breakthroughs, bringing real benefits to the two peoples. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao meets New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark in Beijing on April 7, 2008. The two attended the signing ceremony of the free trade agreement and respectively delivered speeches    He noted the two nations shared broad common interests in promoting peace, stability and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region. Wen pledged China was ready to implement the annual meeting mechanism between the leaders of the two countries, strengthen consultation at all levels and consolidate the political basis for the bilateral relations.     Wen suggested the two sides make full use of complementary advantages in sustainable development areas, such as climate change, energy saving, environmental protection and low-carbon economy, foster new growing points in trade and economic cooperation, expand cooperation on culture, education, science, technology and justice, and increase communication and coordination on important international and regional issues.     Clark said since China was an important cooperation partner, New Zealand attached great importance to the bilateral relations from a strategic level. "New Zealand explicitly sticks to the one-China policy, advocates to enhance contact and cooperation with China and supports China in its efforts to play an active role in the world," she said.     On the FTA deal, Clark said New Zealand and the country's business circle would firmly support and earnestly carry out the agreement.     She added New Zealand was ready to maintain high-level exchanges with China, step up exchanges and cooperation in the spheres of goods, service trade, agriculture, stock-breeding, energy saving, environmental protection, culture and education, and increase consultation and cooperation between the two countries in the United Nations and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.     After the talks, the two attended the signing ceremony of the free trade agreement and respectively delivered speeches.

BEIJING, Oct. 14 (Xinhua) -- China will work diligently to maintain an effective and smooth communication channel with citizens who want to submit complaints, a senior Party official said here on Tuesday.     "We should try to adopt every open, convenient and easy method to guarantee the public's right to express their requests to the government," said Zhou Yongkang, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, at a video tele-conference on government officials receiving citizens and visiting grassroots people.     In the past nine months, asked by the central government, senior officials of the city, county and district governments met with ordinary citizens in person regularly, listening to their requests and complaints and helping solve their problems. They also paid more frequent visits to grassroots people.     "Their work eased serious problems that were closely related to people's interests and threatened social stability," Zhou said. "Their visits at grassroots levels contributed to the implementation and improvement of central government policies."     The country will formulate the measures into a system and continue improving them, he said. Supervision will be tightened upon the implementation of the measures.     "Senior officials of local governments will receive serious penalty according to laws and Party disciplines if problems and conflicts worsen and linger because they ignore people's requests, harm their rights and interests, breach their duty."     Officials were also urged to well inform people about expressing their requests through legal and rational ways.     Governments at all levels should adopt a scientific and democratic way of decision making, pay more attention to public service and try to prevent new problems from emerging, Zhou said.     They should also find out the cause and solution to existing problems, he said. "They should focus on well solving people's legal requests timely."

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BEIJING, Sept. 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao celebrated the successful return of Chinese taikonauts who had completed the country's third manned space mission on Sunday.     Together with other senior officials and officers at the Beijing Aerospace Control Center (BACC), Wen watched the re-entry of Shenzhou-7 space module to Earth in a live transmission. China's Shenzhou-7 spacecraft's re-entry module lands safely in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.After the module landed in China's northern grassland and the three taikonauts Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming, and Jing Haipeng moved out of the spaceship by themselves, Wen congratulated the victory with the technical staff members and operators in the center.     Delivering a congratulatory note from the central authorities, Wen said the mission was "a victory of the Chinese space and technological field and a monumental achievement in the socialist causes". One of the three Chinese taikonauts (R) is ready to get out of Shenzhou-7 re-entry module after their safe landing in North China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Sept. 28, 2008The taikonauts were lifted into space at 9:10 p.m. Thursday at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, where the country's first twomanned space missions took off in 2003 and 2005.     The three taikonauts came back from a 68-hour flight, included a historic 20-minute spacewalk of Zhai Zhigang on Saturday. Photo taken on Sept. 28, 2008 at Beijing Space Command and Control Center in Beijing, China, shows Shenzhou-7 re-entry module being parachuted to the groundTheir spacecraft circled Earth 46 laps before descending at the Siziwang Banner in north China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region at 5:37 p.m. Sunday.     The taikonauts were taken to a hospital in the Inner Mongolian capital Hohhot for medical examination and would be flown to Beijing on Monday for a two-week quarantine.

BEIJING, June 20 (Xinhua) -- The Ministry of Finance said late Friday it allocated another 3.78 billion yuan (548 million U.S. dollars) in subsidies to help low-income families against the latest fuel price hikes announced a day earlier.     Of the total, 1.85 billion yuan will go to urban low-income families, and the rest will be offered to such families in rural areas, the ministry said.     Low-income families in cities would get an extra 15 yuan for each person every month starting from July, 10 yuan for rural families, according to the announcement on Thursday. Vehicles line up at a gas station before the midnight deadline for price rises, in Qingdao, east China's Shandong Province, June 19, 2008    The ministry had earmarked early on Friday 19.8 billion yuan in subsidies to cover extra expenses of groups and sectors that could be affected, including grain producers, taxis and urban and rural buses.     The subsidies were intended to "effectively ease the cost pressure on some low-income groups and public service industries exerted by the fuel price adjustment," said the ministry earlier.     It was part of the government effort to blunt the impact of a surprise increase of fuel prices, since inflationary pressure is already high.     China's benchmark gasoline and diesel oil retail prices were raised by 1,000 yuan per tonne and that of aviation kerosene went up by 1,500 yuan per tonne, effective on Friday, according to the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC).     However, fares for passenger rail services, urban and rural public transport and taxis would be unchanged, said the commission.

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BEIJING, April 29 (Xinhua) -- Hu Jintao, general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, on Tuesday urged Taiwan to work together with the mainland based on four principles: "Building mutual trust, laying aside disputes, seeking consensus and shelving differences, and creating a win-win situation."    He called for substantial efforts for the welfare of Chinese compatriots on both sides, to seek peace across the Taiwan Strait and create a new situation for the peaceful development of cross-strait relations.     Hu made these remarks in a meeting with Lien Chan, honorary chairman of the Kuomintang Party (KMT), his wife and his delegation, at the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in central Beijing. Hu Jintao (R), general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, meets with Lien Chan, honorary chairman of the Chinese Nationalist Party, or Kuomintang (KMT), in Beijing, April 29, 2008.    Positive changes have taken place in Taiwan and the cross-strait relationship has witnessed sound development, said Hu. He thanked Lien for bringing to the mainland the works of a well-known Taiwan sculptor as a gift to the Beijing Olympics.     Hu recalled his first meeting with Lien three years ago, which was the first official summit between the CPC and the KMT in the past 6 decades.     At that first summit, the two parties publicized common aspirations for the peaceful development of cross-strait relations, which laid the political foundation for cooperation, he noted.     He called for resuming cross-strait talks on the basis of the "1992 Consensus" as early as possible, to resolve problems in a practical manner, make substantial efforts for the welfare of Chinese compatriots on both sides and seek peace across the strait.     "The Chinese nationality will realize a bright future in its great rejuvenation, a common glory for the compatriots of the two banks," He said. The compatriots share the same fate and belong to the same big family of the Chinese nationality, Hu said.     He expressed the hope that compatriots on both banks will further join hands to create a new environment for the peaceful development of cross-strait relations, realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nationality, and promote the lofty cause of peace and development of mankind.     In his remarks, Lien agreed with Hu. He said the principles adopted at the KMT-CPC summit in 2005 were "of epoch-making importance" and have since been the guidelines for the peaceful development of cross-strait relations.     The welfare of the compatriots on both banks must be built upon the peaceful development of cross-strait relations, Lien said. He called for joint efforts to increase exchanges and cooperation in the fields of economics, culture, education and social security.     Also present were senior mainland officials including Wang Qishan, Ling Jihua, Chen Yunlin and Chen Shiju.

BEIJING, Aug. 18 (Xinhua) -- Wu Bangguo, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), met on Monday with some foreign leaders here to watch the Beijing Olympic Games.     In his meeting with Ranko Krivokapic, the Republic of Montenegro parliament speaker, Wu said China advocated all nations, big or small, rich or poor, as equal members of the international community. Wu Bangguo (1st R), chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), meets with Ranko Krivokapic (1st L), the Republic of Montenegro parliament speaker, in Beijing, China, Aug. 18, 2008. Ranko Krivokapic is here to watch the Beijing Olympic GamesChina valued its ties with Montenegro and would develop a long-term, stable and all-round relationship, as well as sound legislative cooperation with the Balkan country, he said.     Krivokapic said the Montenegro parliament would enhance its cooperation with the NPC and adhere to the one-China policy. Wu Bangguo (R), chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), meets with Abdelaziz Ziari, speaker of the Algerian parliament, in Beijing, China, Aug. 18, 2008. Abdelaziz Ziari is here to watch the Beijing Olympic Games. When meeting with Abdelaziz (Abdul-Aziz) Ziari, speaker of the Algerian parliament, Wu said the Olympics was going on smoothly, and China would honor its commitment to hold an unique and high-standard Games with distinctive features.     He pledged to take the opportunity of the 50th anniversary of China-Algeria ties in the coming year to push forward the cooperation of mutual benefit.     Ziari said the well-organized Olympic Games impressed him and demonstrated what China had achieved in its reform and opening-up drive. The Algerian parliament would further exchanges with the NPC. Wu Bangguo (R), chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), meets with Kono Yohei, speaker of the House of Representatives of Japan's Diet, in Beijing, China, Aug. 18, 2008. Kono Yohei is here to watch the Beijing Olympic Games.When meeting with Kono Yohei, speaker of the House of Representatives of Japan's Diet, Wu said Sino-Japanese relations were at a new start in history and had great potential for further development.     He recalled the Japanese trip by Chinese leader Hu Jintao in May which outlined the future development of the bilateral ties.     He said the NPC would promote cooperation with the Japanese house of representatives through the regular exchange mechanism to push forward the strategic and reciprocal relations between the two countries.     Wu expressed gratitude for Japan's support to the Beijing Games.     Kono said the Japanese house would play a positive role in upgrading the relationship between the two countries.