英美文学研究论文

小学一年级清明节扫墓活动方案

PATTAYA, Thailand, April 11 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, in an interview with Hong Kong and Macao reporters here Saturday, said that the Chinese economy showed signs of better than expected positive changes in the first quarter as a result of the economic stimulus package adopted by China.     Firstly, the domestic demand rose on a sustainable basis. Meanwhile, investment in fixed assets increased rapidly and consumer demand grew steadily and relatively rapidly. Although lower from the same period of last year, imports and exports grew on a month-on-month basis in the three-month period, Wen said.     This indicates that some sectors and enterprises in China are in a process of gradual recovery.     Secondly, industries above the designated size registered month-on-month growth, with a year-on-year increase of 3.8 percent in both January and February, and a year-on-year increase of 8.3 percent in March.     Thirdly, the purchase management index and the entrepreneur confidence index of the manufacturing industry both rose, indicating that the Chinese economy has begun to stabilize and recover in some fields, according to Wen.     And fourthly, the market confidence went up and the economy became more active over the first three months, with increases in both the stock market and housing market transaction volumes.     The positive performances in economic fields suggest that the policies adopted by the central government of China have been timely and correct, and have led to successes, the premier noted.     The premier was here to attend the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) related summits. The Chinese premier went back home late Saturday ahead of schedule, after the Thai government postponed the summits because of domestic political unrest.     The premier said we should see that China's economy is still facing very serious hardships, which can be attributed to the shrink of external demand and a relatively sharp fall in exports. This has negatively impacted export enterprises, export-oriented industries and export-oriented zones, and has resulted in decreases in business profit making, declines in financial revenues and heavier pressure on employment, he said.     As the international financial crisis is deepening and spreading, we should never lose vigilance, Wen warned.     As the crisis has not touched its bottom, we can hardly say that the Chinese economy alone has got out of the crisis. China cannot save the world, nor can it survive without the world, Wen said. What we should do is to exert our utmost efforts to minimize the effect of the crisis, he said.     When answering questions whether China will introduce additional economic stimulus plans, Wen said the government should now step up efforts to carry out the policies and measures of the existing stimulus package. The earlier they are put into effect, the more beneficial and active they will be, he said.     Firstly, it is imperative to release the additional investment for stimulating the economy that has been included into the budget.     Secondly, specific rules for reforming and reviving a total of ten key industries should be formulated as early as possible.     And thirdly, efforts should be made to speed up the development of the social security system, Wen said, adding that the national medical and health-care system reform launched in recent days, which has drawn international attention, should be implemented as early as possible.     At the same time, it is essential to closely follow up the changing economic situation at home and abroad, and hammer out new response plans whenever necessary, said Wen.     Priority should be given to strengthening social security, improving the people's livelihood and strengthening protection of the ecological environment, he said.     In response to questions about the trial of cross-border trade deals in the Chinese yuan, Wen said the central government has decided to test the program in the city of Shanghai, as well as four cities in south China's Guangdong province -- Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan and Zhuhai.     Hong Kong and Macao will be included in the pilot program, and ASEAN members will become the first group of foreign countries to benefit from the scheme, Wen said, adding the regulatory documents governing the pilot program will be issued in a short time, Wen said.     The program will promote Hong Kong's trade development, and will help its enterprises, including those in the Pearl River Delta region and other areas in the Chinese mainland, to stave off the risks from exchange rate fluctuations, he said.     This will invigorate Hong Kong's financial industry and underpin its position as an international financial hub, he added.     Wen said that compared with developed countries, China, as a developing country, has undergone only a short period of time in its financial reform and development, lacking both experience and talented people, and there is also room for improvement in its financial system.     At present, China allows the yuan to become convertible under the current account and it will take a long time to realize full capital account convertibility for the Chinese yuan, he said.     Answering a reporter's question on whether building Shanghai into an international financial hub will rival Hong Kong's financial status, Wen said the Chinese central government has always paid close attention to the development of Hong Kong's financial sector.     "I noticed that most of the media in Hong Kong showed support for the decision to build Shanghai into an international financial center, but lingering worries still remain," he said.     Actually, the status of an international financial center is established not by a government decision but through market competition, he said.     "I have said years ago that Hong Kong's status as an international financial center is irreplaceable due to its unique geographical advantage, a long history of financial management, extensive channels of financial operation, a full-fledged legal system and a rich pool of financial expertise," Wen said.     However, Hong Kong's status as an international financial hub also meets challenges, he said.     He added that what is imperative for the time being is to enhance regulation, maintain the stable, healthy and sustainable development of its financial sector, and to make due support for its economy.     While developing the financial sector, Hong Kong should also spare no effort to tap the potential of its economic growth such as logistics, tourism, the health sector, science and technology, education, and high-tech industries, so as to lay a foundation forthe sustained economic development, he said.     Responding to a question about the recent police investigation into Hong Kong-listed conglomerate CITIC Pacific, Wen said the issue should be addressed in accordance with the laws and financial supervision regulations of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and no interference from the mainland or other parties will be allowed.     Earlier this month, Hong Kong police searched the headquarters of the company, which reported huge losses from unauthorized hedging against changes in the exchange rates of Australian dollar last year.     After all the facts are clarified, serious lessons should be drawn from this incident, including the company's management and its supervision, Wen said.     On Macao's economic growth, Premier Wen said it has a unique economy powered mainly by its gambling industry.     As the region continues to develop its gambling industry, efforts should be made to promote the region's economic diversity based on its own reality, he said.     Macao's development is somewhat restrained due to its tiny area, but the central government is currently working on a long-term development plan of the Pearl River Delta to strengthen economic ties between Guangdong Province and Macao in an effort to promote Macao's development, said the premier.     Because of Thailand's domestic situation, the Thai government on Saturday postponed the ASEAN related summits scheduled for April 11 and April 12.     Wen said his visit to Thailand was designed to enhance the friendly cooperative relations between China and ASEAN and to make joint efforts with its members to tackle the global financial crisis.     The Chinese premier said he had been aware of the situation in Thailand before his departure for the country, and his insistence on attending the summits indicated China's sincerity in this matter.

BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang Thursday urged the country's labor department to find employment for people this year.     China is facing a daunting task to secure jobs for its workforce after more than 20 million migrant workers lost their jobs in the global financial crisis. To compound the problem, more than seven million college graduates will be looking for jobs this year.     "We must ensure a stable employment situation this year, as employment is related to people's livelihood and the harmony and stability of the society," Zhang said at a working conference of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.     The country's urban unemployment rate increase 0.2 percentage points to 4.2 percent at the end of 2008, even though migrant workers are not included in that number.     Zhang asked the ministry to adopt more active policies to find employment for people.     Tax burdens of firms could be reduced, and preferential policies for social security coverage could be employed to help firms survive the crisis and keep jobs, Zhang said.     More subsidies should be offered to organize vocational training in order to get people reemployed, and training should be made more relevant to different jobs, he added.     The Vice Premier also said the government should step up building a social insurance system that covers both urban and rural residents, and continue to raise pensions for retired workers.     China created new jobs for 11.13 million people last year, 11 percent more than the target of 10 million.     The country also found jobs for five million laid-off workers and for 1.43 million who had difficulty in finding a job. The combined 6.43 million was again higher than the original target of five million.

BEIJING, April 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese cities saw the fastest economic growth among all cities internationally, in 2008, but their overall competitiveness was still only at medium or low levels globally, according to a report released here Tuesday.     The report, entitled the Blue Book of Urban Competitiveness, was released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). It showed that ten of the 15 fastest-growing cities worldwide in 2008 were in China.     The ten cities are Baotou and Hohhot in the northern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Yantai, Weifang and Weihai in eastern Shandong Province, Dongguan, Zhongshan and Huizhou in southern Guangdong Province, and Wuhu and Hefei in eastern Anhui Province.     However, Chinese cities ranked at only medium or low levels among world cities in terms of overall competitiveness, the report said.     The ten most competitive cities in China, according to the report, are Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing, Taipei, Guangzhou, Qingdao, Tianjin, Suzhou and Kaohsiung. But Hong Kong only ranked the 26th among world cities, Shanghai the 41th, and the others still lower.     Ni Pengfei, a CASS scholar who led the research, said 294 large and medium-sized China cities were rated, including those in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.     The overall competitiveness of a city is based on its advantages in human resources, capital, science and technology, infrastructure, environment, governance and so on.     The report was compiled by nearly 100 scholars from Chinese universities, statistics departments, and research institutes.

seo优化排名靠前

VALLETTA, Feb. 21 (Xinhua) -- China is willing to make joint efforts with Malta to further promote their traditional friendly relations, visiting Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping said here on Saturday. Xi arrived in Malta's capital Valletta on Saturday morning to pay an official visit to the Mediterranean island country, on the last leg of a six-nation tour that started on Feb. 8. Earlier he visited Mexico, Jamaica, Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil.     During a meeting with Acting Maltese President George Hyzler, Xi said that Sino-Maltese relations have been developing very well in recent years, with a frequent exchange of high-level visits, enhanced mutually beneficial cooperation, and active exchanges in such fields as culture, education and judicature.Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (R) meets with Maltese Acting President George Hyzler (L) in Valletta, capital of Malta, Feb. 21, 2009.     China and Malta understand and support each other in major international and regional affairs, he said, adding that the two nations are "old friends and good friends" that have stood the test of time.     For his part, Hyzler thanked China for the sincere help it has provided for Malta, and congratulated China on the great achievements of its modernization drive. He also noted that there has been a good cooperative relationship between Malta and China. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (L) meets with Maltese Parliament Speaker Louis Galea in Valletta, capital of Malta, Feb. 21, 2009While meeting with Louis Galea, speaker of Malta's House of Representatives, Xi stated that parliamentary exchange is an important part of Sino-Maltese relations, and that strengthening exchange and cooperation between the two sides is of great significance for the development of bilateral ties and friendship between the two peoples.     China attaches great importance to the development of Sino- Maltese ties, treasures the friendship between the two peoples, and appreciates Malta's long-term adherence to the one-China policy, the vice president stressed.     In response, Galea said Malta has treasured its friendship with China, which is a major country in the world.     Malta highly appreciates China's foreign policy of peaceful cooperation, and expects China to actively play its part in promoting world peace, tackling the current financial crisis and protecting the environment, Galea said.     Both Hyzler and Galea reiterated that the Maltese government and parliament will firmly stick to the one-China policy.

BEIJING, March 4 (Xinhua) -- Chinese leaders joined in panel discussions with the country's political advisors Wednesday, calling for concerted efforts to pull through the global financial crisis which is unfolding its impact on the country's economy. Chinese President Hu Jintao (2nd R), shakes hands with a member of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009. Hu Jintao and Jia Qinglin (1st R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), visited the CPPCC members from the China Association for Promoting Democracy and the China Democratic League on WednesdayAll parties, all organizations, all social strata and all ethnic groups should unite under the central authorities' decisions and strategy to overcome difficulties, President Hu Jintao said in a discussion with members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).     He called on all Chinese people to stand together and "bravely move forward" though difficulties are in sight.     "This year is pivotal for the country to combat the financial crisis and maintain a steady and relatively rapid economic growth," Hu told political advisors from the China Association for Promoting Democracy and the China Democratic League, two non-communist parties.     "To ensure economic growth, people's well-being and social stability is of great importance to maintain a stable overall situation of reform and opening-up," Hu said. Wu Bangguo (front R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the CPC during the panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009Top legislator Wu Bangguo called on members of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to play an exemplary role and contribute wisdom and strength to the national development during his discussion with a group of advisors from the CPC.     Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of the 11th National People's Congress, pinpointed the importance of investigation and research on issues concerning people's livelihood in a bid to "fully reflect the real social situations and the public opinions."     He asked the CPPCC members to make efforts to promote the building of a harmonious society. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (front L), meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the circles of economy and agriculture during the joint panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009In the discussion with advisors from the circles of economy and agriculture, Premier Wen Jiabao said the country need to make large-scale government investment and bring in more social and private funds as well.     While the crisis demands stronger government macro-control, the role of the market mechanism should also be given a full play, he said.     Wen called for resolute and prompt government decisions in the face of the economic woes but stressed that officials must work according to the law and procedures.     "We must make sure every major government investment plan is appraised in a scientific way and will be known, understood and supervised by the people," he said.     "The more difficulties we have, the more opinions we should solicit from various groups," he said. Jia Qinglin (R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the CPPCC from the religious circle during the panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009CPPCC National Committee Chairman Jia Qinglin encouraged political advisors from the religious circle to guide believers to "promote economic development and social stability."     He asked them to work for harmonious religious relations and the reunification of the motherland.     The other members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang, also joined panel discussions with political advisors. Li Changchun (L), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the social sciences, media and publication circles during the joint panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March Li Changchun told political advisors from the social sciences, media and publication circles to nurture an environment that can help ensure economic growth, people's well-being and social stability by conducting investigations and better answering questions of public concern. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (front L), who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from south China's Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and Macao SAR during the joint panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009.During a panel discussion with advisors from Hong Kong and Macao, Vice President Xi Jinping assured that with the support from the central government and through efforts made by the regional governments, the two special administrative regions will surely tide over the crisis and achieve long-term prosperity. Li Keqiang (2nd R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the education circle during the panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009.Vice Premier Li Keqiang stressed the priority of education in his discussion with advisors from the education circle, saying education is the "strategic foundation" of the country's modernization.     A better education system will benefit the people's well-being and all-round development and provide talent support for the country's economic and social drives, he said. He Guoqiang (2nd R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) from the China Democratic National Construction Association and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce during the joint panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009. He Guoqiang, secretary of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, called on non-public sectors of the economy to adapt to the market transformation, shift development mode and shoulder social responsibility by making more contributions.     He also urged to intensify the battle against corruption and improve officials' work style. Zhou Yongkang (R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with specially invited members of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) during the panel discussion in Beijing, capital of China, March 4, 2009.Zhou Yongkang called for preventing and resolving social conflicts and listening to public opinions so as to safeguard public rights and interests.     The CPPCC National Committee started its annual full session Tuesday. The meeting is scheduled to end on March 12.

BEIJING, April 15 (Xinhua) -- China, the world's biggest manufacturer of electronics and information technology (IT) products, said Wednesday it will boost the industry's development to create more than 1.5 million new jobs in three years.     The electronics and IT sector is expected to contribute at least 0.7 percentage points to China's annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth from 2009 to 2011, compared with 0.8 percentage points last year, according to a document approved by the State Council and published on the government Web site.     That will provide new jobs for nearly 1 million college graduates, which are included in the total 1.5 million targeted vacancies, said the document.     China's electronics and IT products sales surged at an average annual rate of 28 percent from 2001 to 2007, but slowed sharply to 12.5 percent last year amid the economic downturn.     Sales in 2008 totaled 6.3 trillion yuan (920 billion U.S. dollars), with exports reaching 521.8 billion U.S. dollars, or 36.5 percent of the country's total export value.     The government announced a support plan for the industry in February. The Wednesday document made clear details of the plan.     The government will boost the industry by increasing state investment, credit support and export tax rebates, said the document.     It also pledged to expand the domestic market for the industry and encourage innovation and restructuring.     In the next three years, the country aims to achieve technological breakthroughs in strategic domains of the industry such as integrate circuits, new-type displays and software, according to the document.     For instance, revenues from software and information service sectors will take up 15 percent of the industry's total, up from the current 12 percent.     In addition, fresh growth will be cultivated in such fields as digital TVs and the new generation of mobile communications and Internet.     The government said it will vigorously promote the overseas commercial use of its domestically-developed TD-SCDMA standard for the high-speed third-generation mobile communications.

杭州搜索引擎优化排名

BEIJING, April 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese cities saw the fastest economic growth among all cities internationally, in 2008, but their overall competitiveness was still only at medium or low levels globally, according to a report released here Tuesday.     The report, entitled the Blue Book of Urban Competitiveness, was released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS). It showed that ten of the 15 fastest-growing cities worldwide in 2008 were in China.     The ten cities are Baotou and Hohhot in the northern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Yantai, Weifang and Weihai in eastern Shandong Province, Dongguan, Zhongshan and Huizhou in southern Guangdong Province, and Wuhu and Hefei in eastern Anhui Province.     However, Chinese cities ranked at only medium or low levels among world cities in terms of overall competitiveness, the report said.     The ten most competitive cities in China, according to the report, are Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing, Taipei, Guangzhou, Qingdao, Tianjin, Suzhou and Kaohsiung. But Hong Kong only ranked the 26th among world cities, Shanghai the 41th, and the others still lower.     Ni Pengfei, a CASS scholar who led the research, said 294 large and medium-sized China cities were rated, including those in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.     The overall competitiveness of a city is based on its advantages in human resources, capital, science and technology, infrastructure, environment, governance and so on.     The report was compiled by nearly 100 scholars from Chinese universities, statistics departments, and research institutes.

BEIJING, Feb. 20 (Xinhua) -- Jia Qinglin, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, met here Friday with visiting Cambodian King Norodom Sihamoni.     Jia spoke highly of the contribution of the Cambodian royal family to promoting Sino-Cambodian ties.     He said the China-Cambodia relationship remains solid and has been growing stronger with joint efforts of the two peoples and cultivation of leaders of the two sides. Jia Qinglin (R), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), meets with Cambodian King Norodom Sihamoni at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, China, Feb. 20, 2009.    China highly values its relations with Cambodia, and would work with Cambodia to advance high-level exchanges, promote practical cooperation, so as to realize common prosperity and cement bilateral relations, he said.     Sihamoni said China is the "most reliable friend" of Cambodia, expressing his gratitude for China's long-term support and economic assistance and for its contribution to Cambodia's national reconciliation, peace and development.     He said Cambodia would join hands with China to continue to promote the bilateral relations to a higher level.

惠州搜索引擎优化排名

TOKYO, March 31 (Xinhua) -- Li Changchun, a senior official of the Communist Party of China (CPC), met late Monday with executives of major Japanese media, urging media of both countries to make due contributions to the advancement of Sino-Japan strategic and mutually beneficial relations.     Li, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, said that both Chinese and Japanese media need to adopt a responsible attitude to report issues concerning bilateral relations and situations of their respective countries in line with the principle of authenticity, objectivity and comprehensiveness in a bid to promote mutual understanding and trust between the two peoples.     The media should also proceed from the general situation of Sino-Japan relations to boost mutually beneficial cooperation in various areas, focusing more on news reports that are beneficial to closer bilateral cooperation and providing more information that is conducive to China-Japan strategic and mutually beneficial relations, he said.     Exchanges and cooperation between the media of the two nations, such as "Beijing-Tokyo Forum" and "China-Japan Media Dialogue", help to establish new channels and forms for frank, in-depth and rational dialogues as well as a platform for the two peoples to deepen their mutual understanding, he said.     Executives of key Japanese media such as public broadcaster NHK,TV Asahi, The Yumiuri Shimbun, Kyodo News Agency said that it is the common aspiration of both peoples as well as their historical responsibility to promote the steady and sustained growth of Japan-China relations.     They also made proposals on advancing exchanges between media of the two countries, expanding bilateral cooperation on economy and trade and improving feelings the two peoples harbor toward each other.     On Tuesday, Li visited the headquarters of The Yumiuri Shimbun and NHK, inquiring in detail about the management and operation of the two Japanese media.     Li arrived here Sunday for an official goodwill visit. Japan is the third leg of his four-nation tour, which has already taken him to Australia and Myanmar. Li is to conclude his visit to Japan Wednesday and leave for the Republic of Korea.

BEIJING, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- A new entry in government-issued press cards, to be added later this month, might help many Chinese reporters persuade tight-lipped officials to talk.     The entry will say: "The governments at all levels should facilitate the reporting of journalists who hold this card and provide necessary assistance."     "Without a proper reason, government officials must not refuse to be interviewed," said Zhu Weifeng, a senior official with the General Administration of Press and Publication.     Many considered this a positive signal that the authorities welcomed supervision from the media.     The new press card statement followed a regulation on the disclosure of government information, effective last May, which was the first government rule safeguarding citizens' right to be informed.     "Media and public supervision are among the arrangements the country is making to control the power of the state and protect civil rights," said Li Yunlong, a human rights expert at the Institute for International Strategies of the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC).     "How to prevent state power from infringing on civil rights is a very important issue in human rights protection," Li said.     This week, the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva conducted its first review of China's human rights record, and it acknowledged the country's efforts in human rights protection.     The country took a long and winding road to acceptance of the concept of "civil rights" but was headed in the right direction, Li said. "I have seen a trend toward increasing supervision of the authorities and more restrictions on their power."     Mo Jihong, a research follow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, saw the same trend in legislation. "The changes in the Constitution were obvious," said Mo.     China's first three Constitutions, issued respectively in 1954,in 1975 and 1978, all had a chapter on the fundamental rights and duties of citizens. But none of those versions defined "citizen," which affected the implementation of these items, he said.     The current Constitution, adopted in 1982, closed this loophole and put the chapter on citizens' rights before that of the structure of the state, he said.     "It showed the country acknowledged that the state derived its legitimacy through protecting citizens' rights, rather than by giving rights to citizens."     In 2004, an amendment to the Constitution added an article stating that the state respects and preserves human rights.     "Through the amendments, the Constitution gave more responsibility to state organs to protect civil rights," Mo said.     The country has also adopted laws to restrict the exercise of state power. In 1990, the law on litigation against the administration provided the first way for the common people to sue government departments.     Further, the law on legislation, adopted in 2000, included an article stating that only laws can limit personal freedom. This had the effect of barring any authority, except the legislature, from issuing regulations or rules to limit personal freedom.     "But the implementation of laws remained a problem," Mo said. "The authorities who enforce the laws should be carefully watched."     Li noted that China's unique culture played a role. Traditionally, Chinese seldom talk about "rights" but instead stress the concept of people's obedience to the society.     "Civil right is a concept borrowed from the West. That's why it will take time to make everyone aware of it, especially those holding power," he said.     "But we should not give up because we don't have such a tradition," he said. "China does not need to make itself a Western nation but can explore its own way based on its own culture and reality," he said.     Last year, in the wake of an increasing number of protests nationwide, the government launched a campaign requiring officials to talk with citizens and consider their requests regularly. The move proved to be an effective way to ease public anger and reduce misunderstanding.     A trial program to invite independent inspectors to detention houses in northeast Jilin Province also received acclaim as an innovation in this field.     The two-year program ended late last year. The 20 independent inspectors, who were teachers, doctors, businessmen and community workers, examined conditions in these detention houses and examined their records so as to ensure that custody procedures were in line with the law and detainees were not treated inhumanely.     "The concept of 'putting people first' raised by the present CPC leadership can be regarded as an effort to respect and protect civil rights," Li said.