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失独者心理问题与干预策略综述

BEIJING, July 5 (Xinhua) -- Heavy rainstorms that swept through most parts of China since Tuesday have left at least 12 dead, seven missing and about 3 million affected.     The casualties were reported after the rainstorms and flooding killed 252 people across China in June.     The new wave of rainstorms have caused suspended shipping service in the Three Gorges section of the Yangtze River, blocked traffic in cities, delayed flights, destroyed homes, and flooded farmland.     Central China's Hubei Province and southwestern Yunnan Province on Saturday each reported that six were killed by the torrential rain.     Twenty-five cities and counties in Hubei, where the country's largest river Yangtze runs through, reported a total of 700 million yuan in damages (102 U.S. dollars).     As of 5 p.m. on Saturday, the province saw another four missing, over 26,600 people evacuated and more than 2.58 million others affected, according to the provincial civil affairs department.     The rains also damaged 105,000 hectares of farmland destroyed and toppled1,063 homes in Hubei. People walk and the vehicle moves on the flooded Weiming Road in Cangzhou City, north China's Hebei Province, July 5, 2008. Heavy rainfall hit Cangzhou on Saturday. The provincial government has sent four task forces to investigate the damages. And relief materials, including food, bottled water, tents and clothes, have been sent to the affected area.     Yunnan, where the rainfall over the past 48 hours set a record high, reported three missing, 11 injured, 9,800 evacuated and more than 1,000 homes collapsed, according to the provincial civil affairs department.     More than 970,800 people were affected by the rain-triggered disasters in the province as of 5 p.m. on Saturday.     Rescuers are searching for the missing, and the injured have been hospitalized, said the government.     The atrocious weather also triggered floods in the Yangtze River, where the two huge hydroelectric projects, namely, the Three Gorges and the Gezhouba, both started discharging water to lower the water level in the reservoir. The discharging would continue as more heavy rains were expected on the upper reaches of the river.     The shipping services between two dams were suspended for five hours before they were resumed at 2:30 p.m. on Saturday. A man rides bike on the flooded Weiming Road in Cangzhou City, north China's Hebei Province, July 5, 2008. Heavy rainfall hit Cangzhou on SaturdayFor thirsty Shandong province, however, the strong rainstorms is not all a bad thing. The province received an average 50 millimeters of rainfall since Thursday, greatly alleviating the drought since June.     However, local meteorologists also warned that the government should consolidate banks and reservoirs for possible flooding of the Yellow River.     More rain was forecast in the next two days in many parts of China and the China Meteorological Administration asked local governments to be prepared.

BEIJING, Sept. 29 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Monday vowed the administration's resolve to stick to reform and opening up on the eve of the 59th anniversary of the People's Republic of China.     "We will continue to free our mind, stick to reform and opening up, promote social harmony and strive for new achievements in building a moderately prosperous society," Wen said at a reception in the Great Hall of the People marking the anniversary. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao addresses the National Day reception at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, Sept. 29, 2008. China's State Council held the reception on Sept. 29 to celebrate the 59th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of ChinaPresent at the reception were senior Chinese leaders Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang, Zhou Yongkang and more than 1,000 Chinese and foreign personages.     Wen said the year 2008 has been eventful, citing the devastating snowstorm in January and the disastrous earthquake in May.     He also hailed the successes of the Beijing Olympics, the Paralympics and the Shenzhou-7 manned space flight.     Saying China is faced with "many difficulties and problems" in its striving for modernization, Wen said, "We have full confidence that we will overcome them."     Wen attributed the confidence to the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China and the government, the solidarity and the hard work of the Chinese people, the experience in reform and development, he said.     As this year coincided with the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, Wen said this drive was "a crucial choice that shaped the course of China's development."     "It represents the only way leading to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation," Wen said.     Thanks to reform and opening up, China has embarked on the road of sustained and fast development, the premier said.     The central government will continue to work with compatriots in Hong Kong and Macao to maintain and promote prosperity and stability, to work with the Taiwan compatriots to bring about new progress in the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations, Wen said.     China will follow the path of peaceful development, adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace and work for a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity, Wen said.

BEIJING, June 7 (Xinhua) -- China's central bank on Saturday ordered lenders to set aside more money as reserve, the fifth such move this year. It was the latest effort to enhance liquidity management in the banking sector.     The reserve-requirement ratio would be raised by 0.5 percentage points on June 15, and another 0.5 percentage points on June 25, the People's Bank of China (PBOC) said on its website.     This will bring the ratio to a record high of 17.5 percent.     The PBOC also said that corporate financial institutions in the worst quake-hit areas including Chengdu and Mianyang, would postpone carrying out the regulation. But it didn't say how long the delayed period would be.     "The rise, a further materialization of the tight monetary policy, is aimed at strengthening liquidity management in the banking system," the statement said.     "The government adopted differential monetary policies to support reconstruction in the quake-hit areas," said Peng Xingyun, a senior expert with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS).     Zhou Xiaochuan, the central bank governor said earlier that the PBOC was to take flexible monetary policy to aid after-quake reconstruction.     The 8.0-magnitude earthquake centered on Sichuan's Wenchuan County has so far caused 206.53 billion yuan of economic losses to the industrial and mining enterprises in the quake regions.     The PBOC had raised the ratio four times previously this year. The latest was on May 12 when it lifted the ratio to a new high of16.5 percent.     Yin Jianfeng, director of the Institute of Finance and Banking with the CASS, said the move would help the country reduce inflationary pressure and to control excessive investment.     "But the move will not be as effective as the government expected because inflation nationwide mainly resulted from surging production material and food prices," he said. "A simple monetary policy will not help."     The consumer price index (CPI), the main inflation gauge, was up 8.5 percent in April from a year earlier. This was nearly equal to February's 8.7-percent rise, the most since May 1996.     Some market experts said that after-quake restoration and reconstruction would beef up fixed assets investment, and add more inflation pressure to the nation's sizzling economy.     Soaring demand for cement, steel, copper, zinc, and a luminium were expected to push up the prices of basic building materials, according to the experts.     Zuo Xiaolei, Galaxy Securities chief economist, said huge foreign exchange reserves and economy unrest in neighbouring countries had posed great pressure to China's economy. This had forced the government to adjust its economic policy before it could reach a balance.     "A great deal of hot money swarmed into China's capital market, and the PBOC aims to hedging excessive monetary liquidity," said Wu Xiaoqiu, head of the Financial and Securities Research Institute of the China Renmin University.     Wu said the government was likely to carry out more monetary policies to curb inflation and liquidity in the near future.     China adopted the tight monetary policy late last year to prevent the economy from overheating. It was also to guard against a shift from structural price rises to evident inflation. The country adhered to the policy despite a global slowdown hit by the international credit crunch.     The country's economic growth slowed in the first quarter but still reported double-digit growth. It expanded 10.6 percent, compared with 11.7 percent in the same period a year ago.

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UNITED NATIONS, Sept. 24 (Xinhua) -- China will stick to the path of peaceful development and continue to pursue the policies of reform and opening-up and an independent foreign policy of peace, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said here Wednesday.     "The whole world wants to know in what direction China is heading" after the Beijing Olympic Games, Wen said in a speech delivered at the annual high-level debate of the United Nations General Assembly.     "Let me tell you in unequivocal terms that China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development, unswervingly pursue reform and opening-up, and continue to adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace," he said.     "This is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of all other countries. It is also in keeping with the trend of the world." Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao delivers a speech at the annual high-level debate of the UN General Assembly in New York, the United States, Sept. 24, 2008.     Wen said the success of the Beijing Olympic Games has greatly inspired the Chinese people and given them even more confidence and strength to achieve modernization of the country.     However, the premier noted that China is still a "developing country, where productivity remains low and further development is constrained by the shortage of resources, and energy and environmental consequences."     To achieve the goal of modernization and build a strong, prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious country, China will continue its reform and opening-up policy, he said.     "It is a choice of vital importance to the development of China today, and it is also a strategy that will shape China's future," Wen said.     The Chinese premier said his country is ready to make joint efforts with other countries for world peace and will develop ties with them on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.     "The world needs peace, for only with peace can there be development," he said.     "The Chinese government is committed to an independent foreign policy of peace and stands ready to work with other countries to advance the noble cause of peace and progress of mankind," he added.     China is ready to develop friendly relations with all countries "on the basis of equality and mutual benefit rather than on ideology or political system," he said.     In handling international relations, China "does not seek to build alliances or become a leader and will never do so in the future," he said.     The Chinese leader also called for the peaceful settlement of international disputes.     "As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China will continue to play an active and constructive role in promoting the peaceful settlement of international hotspot issues and regional conflicts," he said.     Wen also called on the people of all countries to join hands in making the world a better place.     Given the global nature of issues threatening the survival and development of humanity, no country can expect to stay away from the difficulties or handle the problems all by itself, he said.     "The ongoing financial volatility, in particular, has affected many countries and its impact is likely to become more serious," he said, adding that "to tackle the challenge, we must all make concerted efforts."     "So long as the people of all countries, especially their leaders, can do away with hostility, estrangement and prejudice, treat each other with sincerity and an open mind, and forge ahead hand in hand, mankind will overcome all difficulties and embrace a brighter and better future," he said.     Wen said China, as a responsible and major developing country, is ready to work with other members of the international community to boost cooperation, share opportunities, meet challenges and contribute to the harmonious and sustainable development of the world.

TOKYO, May 7 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao and Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda signed here Wednesday a six-point Sino-Japanese joint statement on all-round promotion of their strategic and mutually beneficial relations.     BILATERAL RELATIONS     Both sides agree that the Sino-Japanese relationship is one of the most important bilateral ties for both countries. China and Japan have great influence and shoulder solemn responsibilities for peace, stability and development in the Asia-Pacific region and the world at large.     Long-term peaceful and friendly cooperation is the only choice of the two countries. Both sides are dedicated to promoting a strategic and mutually beneficial relationship in an all-round way to realize the lofty goal of peaceful coexistence, friendship from generation to generation, mutually beneficial cooperation and common development. Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) shakes hands with Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda after they signed a joint statement in Tokyo, capital of Japan, May 7, 2008. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao and Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda signed the Sino-Japanese joint statement on advancing strategic and mutually beneficial relations on May 7.    POLITICAL BASIS FOR STABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONS     Both sides reiterate that the China-Japan Joint Statement issued on Sept. 29, 1972, the China-Japan Treaty of Peace and Friendship signed on Aug. 12, 1978, and the China-Japan Joint Declaration released on Nov. 26, 1998 constitute the political basis for the stable development of Sino-Japanese relations and the opening up of a bright future.     The two sides reaffirm their continuous adherence to the consensus reached in joint press communiques between Oct. 8, 2006 and April 11, 2007 and their commitment for the comprehensive implementation of the consensus.     NEW SITUATION OF SINO-JAPANESE RELATIONS     The two sides agree to face history squarely, look forward to the future and make continuous joint effort to open up new prospect in their strategic mutually beneficial relations. The two sides will continue to build up mutual understanding and trust, expand mutually beneficial cooperation, and make sure that the future development of Sino-Japanese relations conforms with the trend of the world's development, and jointly create a bright future for Asia-Pacific region and the world at large.     COOPERATIVE PARTNERSHIP     The two countries reaffirm that they are cooperation partners, with neither side posing threat to the other. Both countries reiterate that they will support each other in its peaceful development and both are convinced that China and Japan, with both countries committed to peace and development, will bring enormous opportunities and benefits to Asia and the world.     Japan highly evaluates China's development since its reforms and opening-up and its commitment to contribute to building a world of lasting peace and common prosperity. While China speaks highly of Japan's adherence to the path of a peaceful country in the past six decades and more since World War II and its contribution, through peaceful means, to world peace and stability.     Both sides agree to strengthen dialogue and communication on the U.N. reform and seek more consensus. China values Japan's status and role in the United Nations and is willing to see Japan play a bigger and more constructive role in international affairs.     ISSUE OF TAIWAN     Japan reiterates adherence to its stance declared in the Japanese-Sino Joint Statement on the Taiwan issue.     ALL-AROUND COOPERATION     Both sides agree to a mechanism for high-level regular visits between leaders of the two nations, strengthen communication and dialogue between the governments, parliaments and political parties of the two countries, enhance exchange of views on bilateral ties, domestic and foreign policies, and the world situation. The two sides will also increase the exchange of high-level visits in the security sector to promote mutual understanding and trust.     The two sides pledge to expand the exchanges of media, sister cities, sports and civilian groups between the two countries, and consistently promote exchanges of youngsters in a bid to enhance mutual understanding between the two peoples.     Both sides decide to strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation in various fields, including energy, environment, trade, investment, information and communication technology, finance, food and product safety, protection of intellectual property rightand business environment.     They are also keen on the development of bilateral cooperation in farming, forestry, fishery, transportation, tourism, water resources, medical care and others sectors.     Japan and China will make an effective use of the summit economic talks between the two countries proceeding from a strategic perspective.     The two nations also pledge to work together and make the East China Sea a sea of peace, cooperation and friendship.     The two sides agree that China and Japan, as two important countries in the Asia-Pacific region, will keep close communication over regional affairs and strengthen coordination and cooperation.     The two sides decide to jointly safeguard peace and stability in Northeast Asia and facilitate the process of six party-talks.     The two sides agree that the normalization of relations between Japan and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is of great significance for peace and stability in Northeast Asia. China welcomes and supports the two countries efforts to resolve relevant issues and realize normalization of their bilateral ties.     The two sides agree to promote regional cooperation in East Asia and contribute to building a peaceful, prosperous, stable and open Asia in line with the principle of opening-up, transparency and tolerance.     Noting that they bear greater responsibilities for world peace and development in the 21st century, the two countries are ready to enhance coordination over important international issues in a joint effort to build a world of lasting peace and common prosperity.     The two sides decide to cooperate in coping with climate change after 2012 within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and in line with the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities" and the Bali Roadmap.

BEIJING, Oct. 11 (Xinhua) -- China's Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) on Saturday said it expects an increase in grain output for the fifth consecutive year.     The country has harvested nearly 80 percent of its autumn crops and expects 2008 to be a bumper year, the ministry stated.     The State Grain Information Center earlier estimated that this year's grain output would reach 511.5 million tons, up 10 million tons from 2007. Farmers reap paddy rice in the field in Jiangzhuang village, Donghai county, east China's Jiangsu Province, Oct. 11, 2008. Large parts of China have witnessed crop harvest in this golden autumn.Higher grain production happened in spite of natural disasters and troubled domestic and international economic environments, the MOA noted.     The output increase was attributed to government subsidies, pest control and more advance agricultural techniques, the ministry said.     The central government allocated 102.86 billion yuan (15.1 billion U.S. dollars) in agriculture subsidies this year, doubling the money from 2007. Farmers reap paddy rice in the field in Jiangzhuang village, Donghai county, east China's Jiangsu Province, Oct. 11, 2008. Large parts of China have witnessed crop harvest in this golden autumn

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BEIJING, Aug. 22 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao met with British Prime Minister Gordon Brown here on Friday to exchange views on the Beijing Olympic Games and explore room for further cooperation in Games-related issues and other fields.     Hu extended a warm welcome to Brown, who arrived in Beijing on Friday morning to watch the Games and attend the closing ceremony scheduled for Sunday night, and expressed thanks for the support the British government and people have rendered for the Beijing Games. Full storyChinese President Hu Jintao (R) meets with Australian Governor-General Michael Jeffery in Beijing, China, Aug. 22, 2008. Michael Jeffery is here to attend the closing ceremony of the Beijing Olympic GamesBEIJING, Aug. 22 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao met with Australian Governor-General Michael Jeffery on the sidelines of the Beijing Olympics Games on Friday to renew the two countries' friendship and seek further cooperation.    As two important countries in the Asia-Pacific region, China and Australia are principal partners for cooperation and share extensive and vital common interests, Hu said. Full storyChinese President Hu Jintao (R) meets with Icelandic President Olafur Ragnar Grimsson, who is here to attend the closing ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games, in Beijing, China, Aug. 22, 2008BEIJING, Aug. 22 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao met on Friday with Icelandic President Olafur Ragnar Grimsson on the sidelines of the Beijing Olympic Games to discuss bilateral relations and areas for further cooperation.    China and Iceland have enjoyed traditional friendship and maintained friendly cooperation, said Hu. Such a relationship is a good example of equal treatment and friendly cooperation between countries with different social systems and at different stages of development, he addedChinese President Hu Jintao (3rd L) meets with President of the Commonwealth of Dominica Nicholas Liverpool (2nd R), who is here to attend the closing ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games, in Beijing, China, Aug. 22, 2008

CHENGDU, May 24 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said Saturday the efforts to search survivors were continuing in the quake-hit areas, but the focus of work would be gradually shifted to the resettlement of residents and post-quake reconstruction.     Wen told Chinese and foreign reporters at a resettlement site in Yingxiu town, a worst-hit area in the May 12 quake, that the biggest difficulty in resettling the quake-affected residents was the lack of tents.     A total of 15 million rooms were damaged or destroyed in the quake and a large number of people are in need of shelter, said the premier, who is paying a second visit to the quake-hit Sichuan Province.     "We have collected the tents nationwide and got aid from international community, but tents are still lacking," Wen said.     The Chinese government has ordered domestic tent manufacturers to produce and transport 30,000 tents to the quake zone each day and 900,000 within a month, Wen said.     The production of movable plank houses should also be accelerated to ensure the quake-affected people resume a normal life within three months, Wen added.     Efforts should also be made to ensure no big epidemic after the disaster, the premier said Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R Front) speaks during an interview with journalists from at home and abroad, in Yingxiu Town of Wenchuan County, southwest China's Sichuan Province, May 24, 2008, during his second inspection tour of quake-hit areas in Sichuan after May 12 when the 8.0-magnitude quake happened.     Enough epidemic prevention staff and medicine supply should be ensured, he said.     Wen said another problem confronting quake-relief workers is that the chances of secondary disasters still exist. Quake-formed lakes are the most serious among them.     "We will take effective measures to eradicate safety hazards to ensure no casualties in secondary disasters," Wen said.     The premier stressed that the construction materials of collapsed public buildings, including schools and hospitals, should be collected for reference in future reconstruction.     "Some 110,000 People's Liberation Army troops and armed police have been mobilized," the premier said. "The search and rescue operation has been conducted in every village."     The central finance had earmarked tens of billions of yuan for the relief work, Wen said. A 75-billion-yuan (about 10.7 billion U.S. dollars) post-quake reconstruction fund had been set up and more money would be added to it in the next two years, he added.     Before the reporters, Wen expressed sincere thanks to the Chinese worldwide, including compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, as well as the leaders, governments and people of other countries for their concern, sympathy, aid and help.     "Facing such a powerful quake, we welcome international reporters to the quake zone," Wen said. "And we believe you can report the quake, its damage and the work we have done in a fair, objective and truthful way with your conscience and humanitarian spirit."     "In handling emergency incidents and other issues, we will unswervingly stick to the principles of putting people first and opening up to the outside," he said.     The 8.0-magnitude quake, which was centered in Wenchuan County, had left 60,560 dead nationwide as of Saturday noon, according to the Information Office of the State Council.

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BEIJING, Oct. 2 (Xinhua) -- Tropical storm Higos, the 17th this year, will drop heavy rain on parts of south China's Guangdong and Hainan provinces over the next two days, the National Meteorological Observatory said on Thursday.     The office advised everyone in those regions to prepare for therain, as well as lightning storms and gale-force winds.     Tourists in coastal cities of the island province of Hainan, such as Sanya and Bo'ao, have been advised to avoid offshore activities over the next three days.     Higos was centered about 700 km southeast of Zhuhai, Guangdong,as of 5 p.m. on Thursday, and it was moving north-west at 20 km per hour. Tourists stay at the beach in Haikou, capital of south China's Hainan Province, on Oct. 2, 2008. Tropical storm Higos, the 17th this year, is moving towards south China's island province of Hainan, the provincial meteorological station said on Thursday, affecting the ongoing National Day holidays.    The storm is gaining momentum as it nears eastern Hainan and the mid-west regions of Guangdong, according to the national observatory.     Higos, which formed on Tuesday in the Pacific Ocean, comes on the heels of storms Jangmi and Hagupit, which together killed some 20 people in China

CHENGDU, May 26 (Xinhua) -- China's top legislator Wu Bangguo arrived in Chengdu, capital of quake-hit Sichuan province Monday, where he visited a hospital and a distribution center of relief materials.     Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, immediately went to the General Hospital of the Chengdu Military Command Area upon his arrival. China's top legislator Wu Bangguo visits Li Kecheng, a 55-year-old survivor who was saved after being buried in the rubble for 108 hours, in a hospital in Chengdu on May 26, 2008The hospital has received more than 3,000 injured people since May 12, when a 8.0-magnitude earthquake jolted southwest China and killed more than 60,000 people.     Two pupils from Beichuan county, one of the worst hit areas, Hua Meihua and Ji Lei, told Wu that they have received good treatment in the hospital and have been recovering.     "You are brave and good kids. You will recover soon. When you return to school, you must study hard," said Wu, who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee,.     Wu also chatted with 81-year-old veteran Sun Menglin in the same ward. China's top legislator Wu Bangguo visits Yuan Yi, a girl of 20 who was saved after being buried in the rubble for 104 hours, in a hospital in Chengdu on May 26, 2008."I have never cried when I fought in the war as a soldier, I but wept this time. I was moved by the unity among people," said Sun whose left leg was seriously injured in the quake.     The hospital is also treating several survivors buried under the rubble for more than 100 hours.     Wu shook hands with four of them at the side of their beds. "You have created miracles of life. People across the country are thinking of you and hoping you to recover as early as possible. Let's believe no difficulty will stop us once we join hands," he said.     Wu thanked doctors and nurses at the hospital for working day and night to save lives.     He then went to the Chengdu Railway Station, which has become an important distribution center of relief materials from home and abroad.     Wu talked with volunteers working at the station. "Coming from every corner of the country, you are an important force in the quake relief efforts. I hope relief materials could be delivered to thousands of needy people through your hard work."