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LONDON -- China is set to make 2008 the year it asserts its status as a global colossus by flexing economic muscles on international markets and exhibiting its cultural richness, The Independent newspaper said on Tuesday."The world's most populous nation will mark the next 12 months with a coming-of-age party that will confirm its transformation in three decades from one of the poorest countries of the 20th century into the globe's third-largest economy, its hungriest consumer and the engine room of economic growth," the daily said in an article.It said that China enjoys unprecedented levels of domestic consumption and showcases itself to a watching world with a glittering 20 billion pound ( billion) Olympic Games.China's trade surplus with the rest of the world will widen from 130 billion pounds (0 billion) in 2007 to 145 billion pounds (0 billion) this year, the paper said.The paper said China is set to grow in the next year by something like 10 percent and contribute more to world economic growth than the United States in 2008.The paper also expressed worries about the challenges China faces in social and economic life like the rich-poor gap and inflation.Culturally, China will remind the world of its rich legacy of music, dance and visual arts with a new wave of Chinese creativity in Britain, it said.The Chinese New Year on February 7 will herald the beginning of the largest-ever festival of China's culture in Britain with an accent on contemporary artists in fields from video art to neon signs.

CHANGSHA -- Central China's Hunan Province said it has taken effective measures to prevent epidemics after about 2 billion rats chomped their way through cropland around the Dongting Lake, the country's second largest freshwater lake. "It's not possible for rodent-borne diseases to break out in the lake area," said Chen Xiaochun, vice director of the provincial health department. Local health authorities have been watching closely over the rodent situation after the rats fled their flooded island homes and invaded 22 counties around the Dongting Lake last week, he told a press conference on Wednesday. Results of their observation are reported daily to the provincial health department and the public, he said. Meanwhile, local health and disease prevention and control authorities have intensified management of raticide and pesticide, for fear they might contaminate food and water, Chen added. No human infection of any rat-borne disease has been reported in the central Chinese province since 1944. The provincial government also ruled out widespread suspicions that rats flooded the area because one of their natural enemies -- snakes -- had been served at dinner tables. "The Dongting Lake area is not an ideal habitat for snakes," said Deng Sanlong, a top forestry official in the province, "and the only two species that inhabitate the region feed largely on fish and frogs." He said the top enemy of the rats are hawks that spend winter in the wetland around the lake but fly away in spring. China's Ministry of Agriculture and the Hunan provincial government have allocated 900,000 yuan in total to eradicate the rats.

BEIJING - Chinese central government offices suffered a day without air-conditioning as they warmed to a campaign to cut energy consumption and improve energy efficiency, Xinhua news agency said on Wednesday. Tuesday's campaign, dubbed "experiencing energy shortage", targeted offices and government departments under the State Council, the nation's cabinet. "Beijing was not as sun-burning as previous days on Tuesday, but the overcast weather still made people sweat in the afternoon," Xinhua said. China's capital has unleashed "energy police" to enforce limits on air-conditioner use as the government pushes to save power and clean polluted skies, state media said this week. China last year vowed to cut energy consumption for every unit of economic activity by 20 percent by the end of 2010. But feverish economic growth has so far defied the target. The government's latest weapon is 22 officials who will check whether offices, hotels, malls and other big buildings in Beijing are observing a demand to set air conditioning no cooler than 26 degrees Celsius (79 Fahrenheit), the Beijing News reported. Worried that the nation cannot sustain resource-sapping growth, the central government has repeatedly ordered officials and companies to save energy. Efforts to clear the capital of pollution have taken on a new urgency with the 2008 Beijing Olympics just over a year away. Chinese President Hu Jintao and other officials have said the country is committed to emission reduction, but refused mandatory caps. Beijing has held up its voluntary energy saving measures as an important contribution to fighting global warming, and called for more technological help for clean energy.

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NANJING -- Sixty-two years after Japan's surrender in the Second World War on Wednesday, Chinese and Japanese marked the event together with calls for world peace.In Nanjing, capital of east China's Jiangsu Province where the notorious Nanjing Massacre occurred, a 48-strong delegation of the Japanese left-wing group Mei Shin Kai commemorated the day.A Japanese woman prays in front of a monument for war victims during a gathering in memory of the end of the World War II, in Nanjing, East China's Jiangsu Province August 15, 2007. [newsphoto]"We pledge today to continue working for world peace and telling people the true history," said Matsuoka Tamaki, a primary school teacher from Osaka and head of the delegation.Tamaki started visiting veterans of the war in 1998 in the hope of discovering the truth about Japan's controversial history. Based on the accounts of six veterans, she identified a site in Nanjing, where more than 1,000 Chinese were killed during the massacre.According to her findings, the victims were led to Taipingmen in east Nanjing on Dec, 13 1937, and bayoneted, shot or forced to step on land mines.To make sure everyone was dead, the Japanese soldiers made a thorough search the next day and bayoneted those who still breathing, Tamaki said."This is a new finding," said Zhu Chengshan, curator of the Memorial Hall of the Victims in the Nanjing Massacre, noting that more than 20 sites, most by the Yangtze River, have been recognized as massacre sites.Zhu said he would erect a memorial monument at the Taipingmen site.Invading Japanese troops occupied Nanjing on December 13, 1937, and launched a six-week massacre. Chinese records show more than 300,000 people, not only disarmed soldiers but also civilians, were killed.Japanese college student Hitomi Fukugawa, 21, visiting China for the first time, said she was astonished at survivors' stories. "In Japan I learnt little about the invasion, but now I feel I have more to learn," she said.In northeast China's Heilongjiang Province, Wednesday was the first Peace Day in Qiqihar, site of the first battle against Japanese troops after they launched their invasion on September 18, 1931.Performances were held to mark the day the war ended, and more than 3,000 pupils drew symbols of peace on an 815-meter-long banner."We should remember the tribulations of war on this day and cherish peace," said businessman Wang Xinghai, 35, at the memorial wall on the Peace Square.In Shenyang, capital of Liaoning, elderly people gathered to recall the war."I saw a Japanese soldier kill a six-year-old kid with his bayonet and slay a newly-wed couple," said 87-year-old Sun Shizhen in sorrow.Veteran Shan Lizhi, 96, said, "All our sacrifices were made for peace and prosperity.""Remembering history doesn't mean harboring hatred," said Wang Jianxue, head of the Warfare Research Institute of "9.18". "Our country was weak at that time, and we should tell our young people to work hard for China's rejuvenation."In Beijing, a set of surgical tools and the wooden trunk used by Canadian surgeon Norman Bethune were donated to the Chinese Museum of Anti-Japanese War on Wednesday.Bethune came to China in 1938 and set up a front-line mobile hospital where he operated on wounded soldiers. He is credited with saving thousands of lives.In Chengdu, capital of Sichuan Province, more than 200 people laid flowers at the monument for dead Sichuan soldiers, a bronze statue of a soldier in a bamboo hat, carrying a grenade and holding a gun facing east.During the eight-year war, about three million Sichuan soldiers fought and more than 600,000 died.Holding a bouquet of white chrysanthemums, a man in his 70s who declined to be named said, "We should never forget those who died for the liberation of our country and value peace for them."

BEIJING -- Thirty-one provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities on the Chinese mainland had reshuffled local Party committees through internal elections for Party officials within a year ending last June.Moreover, 408 cities, 2,763 counties and 34,976 townships have elected new Party committee leadership from early 2006 to April this year, the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee said here Thursday.This has made good preparation for the upcoming 17th CPC National Congress.The positions in the new Party committees at the provincial, regional and municipal levels were reduced by 21 compared with previous ones. The positions were cut by 149 at the city level, by 859  at the county level, and by 34,368 at the township level.Meanwhile, the local Party leaders are younger and well educated, particularly at the provincial level. The age of leaders in CPC provincial committees average 52.9 years old, half a year younger than their predecessors, and 91.6 percent of them received college education, 14 percentage points higher than before.The CPC Central Committee has taken a series of measures to make the election in local Party leadership fair and clean, the department said.In 296 townships of 16 provincial-level regions across China, leaders of Party committees were directly voted by CPC members as pilot projects.The ratio between the candidates and the elected officials reached 100:89 in the election at the provincial level and 100:88 to 100:85 at the county-level.The candidates also received strict scrutiny from the Party discipline departments to ensure they are clean from corruption or scandals.A hot line was set to receive tip-off about malpractice and corrupt candidates during the local Party leadership reshuffle.Thus far, 260 officials have been punished for malpractice.

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China's employers have dual problems on the hiring front as they face the biggest salary increases in Asia needed to attract talent and the region's highest turnover, according to a survey.The findings appeared in the Friday edition of the China Youth Daily.Nearly one-third, or 32 percent, of the employers surveyed planned to raise salaries by at least 20 percent to attract badly-need talent, said the survey by human resources company Hudson.The survey covered employers' first-quarter plans and expectations.Year-end bonuses are expected to rise significantly, with 66 percent of the respondents planning to increase year-end bonuses at least 10 percent and almost one-fourth planning raises of more than 20 percent.But despite significant increases in compensation, staffing turnover has been heavy.Across all industries, 47 percent of companies surveyed had turnover rates of more than 10 percent in the past 12 months, and 13 percent said that the rate was more than 20 percent.China's staff turnover rate was highest in Asia, more than twice that of Japan, the Youth Daily report said. Unsatisfactory compensation and limited career progression were blamed for China's high turnover level.Among respondents, 22 percent agreed that limited career progression was a major cause of high turnover, while 18 percent believed it resulted from dissatisfaction over money.The report predicted a persistent increase in salary levels in China because of limited talent resources.

A senior central bank official has rejected calls for a quicker increase in the flexibility of the renminbi exchange rate, saying the currency's role in rectifying global economic imbalances should not be exaggerated. Hu Xiaolian, deputy governor of the People's Bank of China, said more attention should instead be paid to growing protectionism to safeguard the health of the world economy, according to a central bank statement and Xinhua. She was speaking in Washington on Saturday at a conference during the semi-annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The meetings are a venue for key financial officials of the two institutions' member countries to discuss global economic issues. Officials and economists at the IMF, which has a mandate to safeguard the global economy and render advice to member countries, said that Beijing should pursue a more flexible exchange rate, for the sake of both the Chinese economy and a more balanced global economy. However, China did not seem to see the advice as being appropriate. "The fund... should respect its member countries' core interests and actual economic fundamentals," Hu was quoted as saying. "Biased advice would damage the fund's role in safeguarding global economic and financial stability." In July 2005, China abandoned the renminbi's decade-old peg to the US dollar and let the currency appreciate by 2.1 per cent. Since then, it has gained almost another 5 percent against the dollar. However, there has been a persistent international chorus, led by the United States, arguing that China has not been moving quick enough in letting its currency rise. US lawmakers have said that the country's trade deficit was partly caused by what they believed an undervalued Chinese currency. Chinese officials say the yuan's flexibility would gradually increase but argue that radical steps would generate shocks in the Chinese economy which could spread to the rest of the world. "The IMF... should attach significance to stability of domestic economies (of member countries) when observing their contribution to outside stability," Hu said. She said the IMF should strengthen surveillance over the soundness of economic policies of countries whose currencies are used as major instruments in other countries' foreign exchange reserves. She was clearly referring to the US, whose low savings rate, and fiscal and trade deficits are agreed to be a key cause for global economic imbalances. Hu also called attention to what is seen as a rising protectionist sentiment, which has been causing troubles for China's exporters. "We call on all countries to harness the opportunities created by globalization... and resolutely oppose protectionism," she said.

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Wu Bangguo,chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress,delivers a speech during the seminar marking the 10th anniversary of implementing the Basic Law in Beijing June 6, 2007. [Reuters]The central government will continue to support Hong Kong in developing a democratic system that suits its conditions, but any reform must be gradual and in accordance with the Basic Law, top legislator Wu Bangguo said yesterday in Beijing. Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the top legislature, made the remarks at a seminar marking the 10th anniversary of implementing the Basic Law. The Basic Law is the constitutional document for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). It enshrines the key concepts of "one country, two systems", "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong" and "a high degree of autonomy". Wu said events have proved, and will continue to prove, that the principle of "one country, two systems" is workable and feasible and the Basic Law is a sound law able to withstand the test of time. He emphasized that Hong Kong must uphold State sovereignty and ensure prosperity and stability while enjoying a high degree of autonomy. Being an SAR directly under the central government, "Hong Kong's high degree of autonomy is not intrinsic, but authorized by the central government". "It only has as much power as authorized by the central government. There is no so-called residual power." But Wu said the central government will never interfere in affairs within the purview of the autonomy of the SAR. Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsang said at the seminar that the SAR has retained its international features, rule by law and various kinds of freedoms guaranteed by the Basic Law after its return to the motherland. "With State care and assistance, we have strived to display our unique advantages and made significant achievements widely recognized by the international community," Tsang said. The Basic Law has laid a solid foundation for Hong Kong's economic and social development and the improvement of people's livelihood, he added. Former secretary of justice Elsie Leung added that to achieve the ultimate goal of universal suffrage, and maintain prosperity and stability in Hong Kong, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the relationship between the central government and Hong KongLeung said Hong Kong has made gradual progress in democracy in accordance with the Basic Law over the years. Since its return to the motherland in 1997, the number of members in the Election Committee, which elects the chief executive, has grown from 400 to 800; and they are from different social strata and sectors. In the Legislative Council, the number of directly elected seats has also increased from one-third in the first term to half in the third term. The Basic Law itself is a result of broad participation of Hong Kong citizens as well, Wu said, pointing out that 23 of the 59 members of the drafting committee were from Hong Kong. The full text of the draft law was made public twice for public comments. Different social strata, sectors and groups in Hong Kong came up with nearly 80,000 comments and proposals. "In other words, each and every article of the Basic Law represents the broad consensus of Hong Kong society," Wu said.

China kicked off an annual rural work conference in Beijing on Saturday to map out the country's strategies and policies for agricultural and rural development in 2008.China's rural development will continue to be one of the areas that top the government's agenda in the coming year, as stressed at the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) concluded in October.A recent CPC meeting urged continuing to modernize the agricultural sector to close the gap between urban areas and relatively underdeveloped rural regions in the coming year.The meeting called on to boost infrastructure constructions in rural areas, promote the steady development of agriculture, increase the income of farmers, ensure the basic supply of farm produce and improve the livelihood of rural population.It asked to establish a long-term mechanism for boosting the agriculture sector, continue to increase government investment on agriculture, give more support to the agricultural sector and boost grain production in 2008.Experts believed balancing inflation curbs and steady price hikes of farm produce for the good of farmers would be a key challenge for the Chinese government next year.Farm produce such as grain, meat and cooking oil, were major factors behind this year's soaring inflation.The Chinese government had pledged to modernize the agricultural industry and invest more money in the country's vast rural areas at the annual conference last year.The Party and government had annually devoted its first work document to rural development four times since 2004 to draw up a variety of preferential policies to support the rural sector. The move indicated that rural development was a top concern of the central government.This year's rural work conference is scheduled to last two days.