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SHANGHAI, Jan. 16 (Xinhua) -- Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter said Friday he hoped the United States and China would deepen mutually beneficial financial interdependence.     Carter said the financial crisis enabled closer ties between the United States and China and he hoped China would continue to buy U.S. government debt.     Carter, in China to attend events to mark the 30th anniversary of Sino-U.S. diplomatic ties, conveyed President-elect Barack Obama's message of his resolve to maintain sound bilateral relations.     Although China and the U.S. had different cultures, histories and political systems, they had much more in common, said Carter at a symposium marking the anniversary.     The United States attached great importance to U.S.-China relations, especially in coping with the challenge of global climate change and the financial crisis, he said.     He believed bilateral relations would continue to develop and improve in the next 30 years.     In Shanghai, Carter also attended the opening of a photo exhibition which showcased the 30-year course of China-U.S. relations.     The former president also voiced his confidence in the strong U.S. participation in the Shanghai World Expo to be held in 2010.

BEIJING, Dec. 10 (Xinhua) -- A compensation scheme for families of sickened and dead babies in the tainted milk powder scandal, which caused a food safety scare in China, is under review, a Health Ministry spokesman said on Wednesday.     The ministry is collecting medical records and checking statistics to make preparations for compensation, spokesman Mao Qun'an told reporters.     Mao said he "has not been authorized to release details" about the compensation plan but assured the media that relevant departments are working on it and will release the results after the plan is adopted.     Mao also said local governments paid a large amount of money for hospital ultrasound equipment and medication after more than 22 million children needed testing after drinking formula containing an industrial chemical known as melamine. That testing started in September.     Children who were confirmed to have developed kidney stones received free treatment.     The ministry said earlier it was likely six babies died from drinking toxic milk powder. Another 294,000 infants suffered from urinary problems such as kidney stones.     The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine publicized the names of 22 dairy companies which produced milk products containing melamine after milk powder produced by Sanlu Group was found to contain the banned chemical in mid September.

Li Changchun, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, has a photo taken with the performers after watching the gala, which was held in Beijing on Thursday night to mark the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up.    BEIJING, Dec. 18 (Xinhua) -- A gala was held here on Thursday night to mark the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up by presenting the songs popular through the past three decades in the country.     Li Changchun, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, watched the performances with the audience.     A group of renowned singers sang the songs while poems were recited to remind people of landmark events and achievements in the past three decades.     The audience responded with thundering applause.

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BEIJING, Oct. 17 -- The government is ready to introduce a series of measures to cushion the impact of slower growth in foreign trade and industrial output caused by the global credit crisis, the vice-minister of the National Development and Reform Commission, said Thursday.     Speaking at a press conference held by the State Council Information Office in Beijing, Du Ying said that as the global economy has slowed, foreign trade volume, value-added output and the profit growth of industrial firms based in China's coastal areas have shown a downward trend in the second half of the year.     "The State Council is greatly concerned by the trend and is ready to introduce a series of measures," he said.     But the full impact of the global financial crisis has yet to be seen, he said.    "We must have a full picture of the difficulties and challenges," he said. The government has already taken several measures to combat the impact, including lowering the deposit reserve ratio, helping small- and medium-sized factories to upgrade their technologies, and introducing more favorable credit policies, Du said.     He said he is confident China can weather the storm.     "As in the past, China can overcome the challenges and difficulties and enter a new stage of development. I'm fully confident of that," Du said.     With the global financial crisis continuing to escalate, China - the world's fourth largest economy - has seen its major economic indexes slide.     The National Bureau of Statistics is due to release figures on Monday for the economic situation over the past three quarters.     Some analysts have forecast that GDP growth might drop further in the third quarter, from 10.1 percent in the second quarter and 11.9 percent for the whole of last year.     Yang Xiong, vice-mayor of Shanghai, said the city's industrial output growth fell to 6 percent last month from an average of 11.5 percent per month in the first three quarters.     The financial hub remains in good shape, however, partly due to investments in preparation for the 2010 World Expo, he said.     Zhao Kezhi, deputy governor of Jiangsu, said the province's trade figures were down 4 percent year-on-year in the first nine months.     Chen Min'er, vice-governor of Zhejiang, said the province had witnessed "individual" cases of company failures, but denied media reports of widespread factory closures.     Authorities will respond by trying to cut the tax burden on local firms, make more credit available and ensure a sufficient supply of land and power for manufacturers, Chen said, adding that now was a good time to weed out obsolete, polluting plants.     On Wednesday, Zhou Xiaochuan, governor of the central bank, called for increased domestic consumption to counter the economic slowdown.     "Due to the impact of various factors, we may need to increase domestic demand," he told Hong Kong-based Phoenix TV.

BEIJING, Nov. 8 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao and U.S. president-elect Barack Obama Saturday discussed in a telephone conversation relations between China and the United States and major international issues of common concern, including the ongoing global financial crisis.     In the telephone conversation, Hu expressed appreciation to Obama for emphasizing in his election campaign speeches the great importance of China-U.S. relations, and for advocating the strengthening of China-U.S. cooperation in jointly responding to global challenges and in sharing global development opportunities.     Hu pointed out that since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries 30 years ago, bilateral relations have generally kept developing despite setbacks, scoring hard-earned achievements and bringing about tangible interests to both nations.     As the largest developing nation and the largest developed nation, China and the United States share extensive common interests on issues related to world peace and development, and both assume important responsibility in this regard, Hu said.     In the new historical period of time, China is willing to maintain high-level exchange with the United States and also contacts at all levels, continue strategic dialogue with the United States, increase exchange and cooperation between the two countries in all fields, and strengthen the exchange of opinion and coordination with the United States on major international and regional issues, the Chinese president noted.     China and the United States should respect each other and accommodate each other's concerns, and appropriately settle sensitive issues between the two countries, particularly the Taiwan issue, in order to promote the China-U.S. relations of constructive cooperation to a higher level, he said.     Speaking on the same occasion, Obama said that China is a great nation and that China's development and success meet U.S. interests.     On today's international arena, U.S.-China relations are relations of vital importance. The development of U.S.-China relations is not only in the interest of both nations, but also benefits the world, Obama said.     Saying that U.S.-China relations face many development opportunities, Obama expressed the hope that the United States and China will strengthen cooperation, and promote greater development of bilateral relations, to bring benefits to both nations.     The United States hopes to strengthen consultation and coordination with China on security, climate change and regional hotspot issues, to promote settlement of the relevant issues.     Hu pointed out that the current global financial crisis has seriously impacted economic development and people's livelihood in all countries around the world. The international community should increase confidence, strengthen coordination and have close cooperation, in effectively dealing with this global challenge.     A world economic summit will be held in Washington on Nov. 15, and China attaches great importance to it. China is willing to discuss with other participants in the summit how to adopt powerful measures to reestablish market confidence as early as possible, how to prevent the global financial crisis from proliferation and spreading, and how to diminish its impact on real economies, in a bid to avert a possible global economic recession, Hu said.     The global financial crisis has led to the exposure of many deep-hidden drawbacks of the global financial system.     The international community should earnestly sum up the lessons from the global financial crisis and launch necessary reforms of the global financial system, on the basis of sufficient consultation among all interested parties, Hu said.     In particular, efforts should be made to explore in an in-depth way solution of such major questions as how to strengthen international financial supervision and regulation, how to improve the system of international financial organizations and how to improve the international monetary system, the Chinese president said.     Obama said that settlement of the global financial crisis requires close cooperation by governments of all countries, expressing the hope that the United States and China will strengthen cooperation at the world economic summit planned for November 15 in Washington.

BEIJING, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- Accountability became a vogue word in Chinese politics in 2008, highlighted by the resignation of the chief quality supervisor.     Li Changjiang, former director of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, stepped down in September in the tainted milk scandal, days after the resignation of Shanxi Governor Meng Xuenong following a deadly landslide triggered by the collapse of an illegal mining dump.     Many junior officials also swallowed the bitter pills of penalties and resignations. In early December, the director of the construction bureau of Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei Province, was removed from his post after six bureau officials were found gambling during work time.     Officials were even punished for dozing in meetings, such as 12local officials in Shaanxi Province, who were reprimanded in June.     "The accountability system has been taken to a new high, which reflects the method of administration as stipulated in the keynote report of the 17th Party congress," said Wu Zhongmin of the Party School of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee.     "The party underlines the idea of people first, so it is not unusual that officials are punished after public interests are infringed," Wu said.     Chinese media have used the word "storm" to describe the wave of cases in which officials were punished over accountability -- often indirect -- in accidents and scandals this year. Such events were rare in the past decade.     In southwestern Yunnan Province, 864 officials have been punished so far this year, while at least 279 in the northeastern Jilin Province have been punished since last November.     "A storm is powerful, and the accountability storm shows the country's determination to run the party and government properly," said Han Yu, professor in the Party School of the CPC Hebei Provincial Committee.     The storm also shows the power of public opinion, Han added. "There should be someone held responsible for serious infringement of public interests."     China activated the official accountability system during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crisis in 2003. More than1,000 officials, including then Health Minister Zhang Wenkang and Beijing Mayor Meng Xuenong, were ousted for attempts to cover up the epidemic or incompetence in SARS prevention and control.     The system was later introduced at all levels of government, and more officials lost their jobs over major accidents or administrative errors.     Just days before Li's resignation, President Hu Jintao, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, reprimanded "some officials" over work and food safety accidents this year.     These accidents indicated that some cadres lacked a sense of responsibility and had loose governance, and some paid no attention to people's complaints and were even insensitive to life-threatening problems, Hu said.     As early as in May, a father complained about tainted milk powder after his 13-year-old daughter developed kidney stones, and the Department of Health of Gansu Province in July received a report implying problematic milk powder produced by the Sanlu Group headquartered in Shijiazhuang city.     However, the scandal was covered up until September. The Ministry of Health has said it was likely the contamination killed six babies. Another 294,000 infants suffered from urinary problems such as kidney stones.     Premier Wen Jiabao said development of enterprises and the economy should not be achieved at the cost of lives and public health, and he vowed to punish officials for major incidents.     Conditions could be tougher for officials in the future, as the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection said in late December that authorities are drafting rules to intensify the accountability system.

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BERLIN, Jan. 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao arrived in the German capital Berlin late Wednesday for an official visit to the country.     The premier is scheduled to meet with German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Vice Chancellor Frank-Walter Steinmeier on Thursday to discuss bilateral relations and further cooperation between the two nations amid the global financial downturn.     Upon his arrival, Wen said in a statement that currently Sino-German relations are faced with a sound opportunity of development.     The two nations have maintained frequent high-level contacts, and economic and trade cooperation has been expanding steadily, Wen said.     Both sides also witnessed fruitful dialogues on such fields as science and technology, education, culture, and youth exchanges, he noted.     Bilateral consultation and coordination on international affairs have also been strengthened, he added.     The premier expected his meeting with Merkel would further enhance mutual trust and broaden consensus between the two nations.     Wen also expressed the belief that his visit will further push forward the Sino-German partnership, which bears a global responsibility.     Meanwhile, the premier, on behalf of the Chinese people, extended Chinese lunar new year greetings and good wishes to the German people.     During his two-day visit to Germany, Wen will also attend a forum on Sino-German economic and technical cooperation and deliver a speech.     Germany is the second leg of Wen's European tour after Switzerland, where he attended the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF). The trip will also take him to the European Union headquarters, Spain and Britain. 

NANJING, Jan. 11 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao on Sunday wrapped up his 3-day inspection tour in eastern Jiangsu Province, during which he urged to enhance confidence and put in place government measures to boost domestic demands.     Wen referred to "confidence" a number of times when he visited local businesses. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (2nd L Front) visits Sunshine Group Co., Ltd. in east China's Jiangsu Province, Jan. 9, 2009. Wen made an inspection tour in Jiangsu Province from Jan. 9 to 11.     In the Jiangsu Sunshine Group, a clothes manufacturer, the company head told Wen that although the financial crisis hit the exporting businesses, their orders didn't drop as they kept bringing new products into the market.     Workers were busy working on those orders due before the Spring Festival, Chinese traditional New Year.     "The government's policies have created a favorable environment for businesses, but companies must be more creative and brave to overcome the financial crisis," Wen said. "You not only need to conquer the temporary difficulties, but also improve management, product quality and competitiveness, so as to be competitive in the world market." Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (2nd L) talks to shoppers at Suguo supermarket in Nanjing, capital of east China's Jiangsu Province, Jan. 10, 2009. Wen made an inspection tour in Jiangsu Province from Jan. 9 to 11.     On Saturday, Wen visited a farm equipment manufacturer in Changzhou city. He asked about equipment sales when the company leader said the government's policies had been a great help for the company's development. The policies include changing value-added tax, enhancing tax rebate and giving allowance to farmers who buy farm equipment.     Wen encouraged the company to make the best farm equipment. "China has the world's largest population of farmers, and we should make the best farm equipment as well. I hope with your efforts, we could make it come true," Wen said.     During the tour, Wen visited many other companies, including oil companies, telecommunications manufacturers and food plants. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R) visits Changfa Group in Changzhou City, east China's Jiangsu Province, Jan. 10, 2009. Wen made an inspection tour in Jiangsu Province from Jan. 9 to 11.     Wen had discussions with experts from different industries on overcoming the current financial crisis. He emphasized on "confidence", and urged to rejuvenate the economic as soon as possible.     Wen also visited Changzhou vocational education base, where he told students that ensuring employment is the government's major task in order to conquer the financial crisis.     "Knowledge is power, safety and happiness," Wen told the students. "I hope all of you can serve the people with your talents." Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R) talks to local residents in the Xuanwu District of Nanjing, capital of east China's Jiangsu Province, Jan. 10, 2009. Wen made an inspection tour in Jiangsu Province from Jan. 9 to 11. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (2nd R) talks to shoppers at Suguo supermarket in Nanjing, capital of east China's Jiangsu Province, Jan. 10, 2009. Wen made an inspection tour in Jiangsu Province from Jan. 9 to 11.

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BEIJING, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- Chinese media selected the 10 most popular phrases from the past three decades to mark the official 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, which falls on this month.     When China began to reform and open-up 30 years ago, people began experiencing, seeing and doing new things. In fact things were so new, they needed to create new words to describe what was happening.     In order of popularity, starting with number one:     "Go in for business"     In the 1980s when China was starting to transition from a planned economy to a market economy, it had a two-track pricing system (official and market prices) for industrial raw materials, including steel, non-ferrous metals, timber and coal.     Seeing business opportunities within the pricing system, many people, especially government employees and those from state-run factories or institutes, quit their jobs to open their own businesses.     "Going for business" was often used to refer to the phenomena of people breaking away from the constraints of a planned system to embrace the market economy. 　　"Be laid off and get re-employed"     To adapt to the market economy and improve competitiveness of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the 1990s, China began restructuring.     "Encouraging mergers, standardizing bankruptcy, laying off and reassigning redundant workers, streamlining for higher efficiency" was a guideline in the SOEs reforms.     No official statistics show how many workers were laid off during that period, but experts estimate the number could be tens of millions.     To avoid social unrest and help most of those workers find new jobs, the Chinese central government offered occupational trainings, small loans and preferential tax policies.     "Migrant worker"     China's reform and opening-up drive started in rural areas in 1978 with collectively-owned farmland contracted to individual families. This freed about 100 million peasants from farm work.     However, most of these people were tied to the countryside by a residence-based rationing system for virtually everything, including food. About 63 million of these former farmers were given jobs in village-run enterprises that mushroomed in those days.     A policy change in 1984 allowed them to find jobs in cities but the massive migration of rural laborers didn't start until after China decided to move to a market economy in 1992.     The rapid inflow of investors created many construction, factory and mining jobs, most of which urban dwellers consider too tiring or dirty.     The number of migrants grew from 60 million in 1992 to 120 million in 2003 and 210 million this year, according to central government figures.     The work of the migrant population has generated 21 percent of China's gross domestic product in the past 30 years, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has found. But migrant workers face various problems, including delayed pay schedules, no or low work-place injury compensation, lack of health care and little schooling for their children.     "It doesn't matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice."     This sentence was used by late leader Deng Xiaoping, chief architect of China's reform and opening-up, on different occasions to clear up doubts as to whether the economic reform was capitalist or socialist.     The sentence helped stop ideological arguments at the early stage of reform and encouraged generations of Chinese to pursue their dreams in the market economy. 　　"Surfing the Internet"     The Internet was introduced in China more than 10 years ago. It quickly gained popularity and impacted society.     While online music, instant communication services, video streaming and online games greatly entertained millions of Chinese, the Internet also became a powerful news medium where information was disclosed, shared and publicized quickly.     Through June, China had 221 million netizens, according to the Data Center of China Internet (DCCI). The netizen population, which had already surpassed that of the United States to become the world's largest, would increase to 263 million by the end of this year, DCCI forecasted.     E-commerce transactions amounted to 2 trillion yuan (about 300 billion U.S. dollars) in 2007 and 25 percent of netizens had bought something online after "surfing the Internet" as of June this year. 　　"Reform and opening-up"     In 1978, a group of villagers from Xiaogang village in eastern Anhui Province decided to adopt a household contract responsibility system, which entrusted the management and production of public owned farmland to individual households through long-term contracts.     Later the system, described by then Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping as "a great invention of Chinese farmers", was widely adopted across the country and triggered economic reform.     Over the past 30 years, the country witnessed significant changes in comprehensive national strength, people's living standards and international influence thanks to the reform and opening-up policy.     China's share of the world's combined gross output rose to 6 percent at the end of 2007, compared with just 1.8 percent in 1978when its reform and opening-up began, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).     Fast economic growth over the past 30 years lifted China's GDP ranking in the world from 10th in 1978 to fourth after the United States, Japan and Germany     According to the NBS, China's per capita income jumped to 2,360U.S. dollars in 2007 from 190 U.S. dollars in 1978.     "Beijing Olympic Games"     Many believe that without opening-up, it would be impossible for China to host the 2008 Beijing Olympics.     The Games, commended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Jacques Rogge as "truly exceptional", were seen by the world as China's come-of-age show on the international stage.     China grabbed a total of 100 medals at the Beijing Games -- a coincidence as the country dreamt for 100 years to be the Olympic host -- and overtook the United States to top the gold medal count with 51.     As the most watched Games in history, with an estimated 4.5 billion TV and Internet viewers, the Beijing Olympics attracted the most participants, who were from a record 204 countries and regions.     "Speculate in stocks"     In 1990, China opened its first stock exchange in Shanghai, the country's industrial and financial center. In 1991, it set up its second bourse in Shenzhen, the country's first special economic zone.     China witnessed waves of stock crazes over the years and fluctuations in the stock market touch the nerves of millions of Chinese.     In 2007, the country saw a bull stock market, with the key benchmark Shanghai Composite Index soaring from 2,728 points in January to 5,261 points, or 92.85 percent, on December 28.     In fact, the market has been on a bullish run for 29 months from June 6, 2005 to November 2007, longer than the general bullish market cycle of 17 to 24 months.     But it has dipped since last November.     "Chinese characteristics"     The phrase became well-known as an answer by late leader Deng to the question of how China could improve its productivity and people's lives with its less-developed economy.     Deng's answer was "to build socialism with Chinese characteristics". It means China has its own way of development rather than copying other countries' experiences.     The phrase is frequently quoted by the Chinese and used in China's official documents.     "Rise abruptly"     The phrase, or "Xiong Qi" in Chinese meaning "Go! Go!", is a dialect of southwest China's Sichuan Province. It was originally used by football fans to inspire teams in the 1990s.     The phrase soon became popular among the Chinese public and was used widely outside the sports field to encourage people to keep up their spirits.     After the May 12 earthquake in Sichuan, Chinese used the phrase to show their care and support to the quake-affected areas and people.     The 10 phrases were selected by 15 Chinese media, including the Beijing Evening News, the Shanghai Evening Post, the Tianjin-based Jin Wan Bao, the Guangzhou-based Yangcheng Evening News and the Shanxi Evening News.     Newspapers, which are based in 15 provinces and municipalities, started soliciting catch phrases from the public in October, according to the Beijing Evening News.     The list, voted on by readers and netizens, was publicized in Shanghai on Saturday.

BEIJING, Jan. 8 (Xinhua) -- China is urging the United States to take actions to repair military ties seriously damaged by a U.S. arms sale to Taiwan.     "China-U.S. military ties lag far behind overall relations. The United States should take concrete measures to repair them," Ma Xiaotian, deputy chief of general staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, told the visiting U.S. Deputy Secretary of State John Negroponte on Thursday.     China curtailed some military exchanges with the United States after the Pentagon announced a .5 billion Taiwan arms deal last October. It included 30 Apache attack helicopters and 330 Patriot missiles.     It was the biggest arms sale to Taiwan since China and the United States signed the "August 17 Communique" in 1982, in which the United States agreed to gradually reduce its arms sales to Taiwan.     Military contacts between the two countries had become active and fruitful before the Taiwan arms sale. Apart from frequent exchanges at different levels, defense departments set up hotlines and military officials got involved in the China-U.S. strategic talks for the first time last year.     "Military ties, which don't enjoy a solid foundation, were further damaged by the U.S. move," Ma said in his hour-long meeting with Negroponte. "That created an obstacle to exchanges and cooperation in a range of spheres. The responsibility for this belongs entirely to the United States."     Last December, U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense David Sedney came to Beijing in an effort to find ways to mend strained military ties. The visit didn't produce any substantive progress.     "I think it will take a long time to restore military relations," Ma said.     With his principal mission of commemorating the 30th anniversary of U.S.-China diplomatic ties, Negroponte hailed the increased exchanges and positive dialogues between the two countries over the past three decade.     "It is fair to say that our military-to-military relationship is not as advanced as the other aspects, like commercial and financial ties. There is work to be done," Negroponte said.     "Probably nothing that I can do or say will cause the exchanges to be restored between now and the end of the Bush administration, which has 10 days left."     Negroponte said the U.S. defense policy would generally continue as the current Defense Secretary Robert Gates will stay in the Obama administration and Chairman of Joint Chiefs of Staff Michael Mullen will keep his function.     "Hopefully in time these ties and exchanges will be restored because they are in the mutual interests of the two nations," he said.