七一学生演讲稿振我中华

中国地方政府竞争与制度变迁1

China Foreign Affairs University (CFAU), the cradle of diplomats, set up a new school on Friday - the College of Diplomacy and International Relations - with former foreign minister Li Zhaoxing as the dean. Meeting students at a ceremony marking his appointment, Li highlighted the key criteria for a diplomat.Li Zhaoxing (Right), former foreign minister, receives a certificate naming him the dean of the College of Diplomacy and International Relations at China Foreign Affairs University on Friday from Wu Jianmin, university president. [Xinhua] "The most important is love for your country. This is my deepest feeling during my career at the foreign ministry," said Li."I hope graduates from this college can better serve our country, our people and contribute to peace and development around the world," he added.Li, a diplomat for nearly 40 years, retired this spring. He was appointed foreign minister in 2003, and was Chinese ambassador to the United States from 1998 to 2001.Some students said they like Li's animated style and are excited to have him as the dean."He is very friendly," said Wang Lei, a third-year student majoring in diplomacy.CFAU President Wu Jianmin said the establishment of the school reflects "a golden era" for China's diplomacy."China's diplomacy has entered a golden era, and it is in this context that the college has been set up," said Wu, who was formerly ambassador to France."Never have we seen such a big stage for us, never have people expected so much of us, and never has the world looked at China with such a high hope," he added.CFAU, established in 1955, is affiliated to the Foreign Ministry, and specializes in training international affairs experts and diplomats.

Hong Kong' benchmark Hang Seng Index plunged 5.18 percent on Monday to close at its lowest level this year, drawn by growing troubles in the global credit markets and weakness in the Chinese mainland bourses.     The Hang Seng Index fell 1,152.50 points, or 5.18 percent, to close at 21,084.61 on Monday, its lowest level in nearly seven months, amid worries on the near collapse of U.S. investment bank Bear Stearns.     Over the weekend, the subprime mortgage crisis claimed another major victim -- Wall Street's fifth largest investment bank Bear Stearns. Wall Street fell sharply on Friday on the news, followed by Asian markets.     The benchmark Hang Seng Index opened at 21,318.03 and fluctuated between 21,041.26 and 21,473.40 during the session. Turnover was at 94.37 billion HK dollars (12.16 billion U.S. dollars), up from last Friday's 88.28 billion HK dollars (11.32 billion U.S. dollars).     Three of the four major categories lost ground. The Properties lost most at 5.73 percent, followed by the Commerce and Industry at 5.58 percent and the Finance at 5.32 percent. The Utilities, the only gainer, edged up 0.21 percent.     The biggest decliners in the local benchmark index were mainly China-based companies. Index heavyweight China Mobile fell 4.6 percent to 102.50 HK dollars. Smaller rival China Unicom slid 4.6 percent to 16.32 HK dollars.     Shenhua Energy fell 8.9 percent to 32.95 HK dollars, and Ping An Insurance was down 7.6 percent at 53.20 HK dollars.     The Chinese mainland's biggest insurer, China Life Insurance, slid 7.4 percent to 25.70 HK dollars. Non-life insurer PICC P&C tumbled 11.5 percent to 6.48 HK dollars.     Air China, Chinese mainland's biggest international carrier, lost 50 cents or 8.5 percent at 5.40 dollars as oil continued its relentless climb to a fresh high of 111.80 in Asian trade Monday on a weaker dollar. The company will report its 2007 results later Monday. The mainland's biggest airline by fleet size, China Southern Airlines skidded 73 cents or 12.5 percent to 5.13 dollars.     PetroChina, Asia's biggest oil and gas company, dropped 6.6 percent to 9.42 HK dollars. Major oil firm Sinopec fell 8.1 percent to 6.14 HK dollars on investor concerns about steep losses at its refining division given the recent surge in crude prices.     Property stocks tumbled, in line with the downward trend in the overall market, and on reports of softening housing prices in the city's new territories.     Sino Land Co, which has the highest exposure to the local residential market, fell 11 percent to 15.42 HK dollars.     Asian billionaire Li Ka-shing's property flagship Cheung Kong Holdings, fell 5.7 percent to 99.05 HK dollars.     Hong Kong's biggest property developer, Sun Hung Kai Properties Ltd (SHK Properties), slumped 4.8 percent to 112.60 HK dollars.     CLP Holdings and Hong Kong Electric were the only gainers in Monday's trade as CLP Holdings up 1.1 percent to 65.30 HK dollars and Hong Kong Electric rose 3.3 percent to 50.90 HK dollars.

A special assistance center was set up in Beijing Prison recently where policewomen, who are also qualified counselors, provide help for special "clients", male prisoners who are serving long sentences, Beijing Youth News reported on July 5. A policewoman counselor chats online with an inmate at a counseling and education center in Beijing Prison. [ynet.com] The police use computers with Internet access and chat through web cameras with lifers to help ease their psychological problems especially with those who have difficulty communicating. A short message service is also available for them to contact their families. The newly-established center is composed of policewomen. Due to regulations in prisons, the policewomen are not allowed to communicate with prisoners face-to-face, according to Lu Yanyan, the director of the center for counseling and correctional education in the Beijing Bureau of Prison Administration. "The work of counseling used to be the responsibility of policemen," explains Lu. "But because they are also officials who enforce correctional education on the prisoners, those who have psychological problems are reluctant to open their hearts to share their troubles. That's why policewomen fill this need." Wearing civilian clothes, not uniforms, the five policewomen appear much closer to the people they counsel. Though not face-to-face, the prisoners encounter a friendly and kind smile and feel more relaxed to talk openly about their feelings and emotions. A prisoner who was sentenced to life imprisonment seldom talked as he was abandoned by his family. But when a counselor surnamed Ren started to make appointments with him, he "became happier than before," as Ren put it. The special short message service is free for lifers. They can send as many messages as they want, but every message is checked by the officers. The quantity of messages sent and received currently is about 1,500 a day. Another prisoner told the reporter, even though he was concerned about his child's education and could not solve the problem himself, he felt more comfortable after he poured out his troubles to the counselor. As the counseling and correctional education director explains, it is important to provide counseling for those with long sentences, Lu says crimes are always the result of psychological problems and the prisoners are also disturbed by depression and anxiety in confinement.

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The first ever white paper on political parties pledges multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Released Thursday by the Information Office of the State Council, the white paper, entitled "China's Political Party System", explains in detail the formation, characteristics and development of the system and its role in economic and social development.Multi-party cooperation is a political system that suits China's conditions, the paper says."China will not mechanically copy other countries' political party systems," the document says, adding that the history of modern and contemporary China has proven that blind emulation of the political or party systems of other countries will not succeed.Zhuang Congsheng, director of the research office of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the CPC, said multi-party cooperation is different from the two-party or multi-party systems in Western countries and the one-party system practised in some other countries. China has established a unique political party system and its own way to fulfill democracy, he said.In China, the ruling party and other parties share the same ideal and same objectives, said Zhuang.The white paper says multi-party cooperation has created a new form of political system in the world.Under this system, the CPC and other parties work closely together and supervise each other, instead of opposing each other, with the CPC ruling the country and the other parties participating in State affairs according to law.By the end of 2006, 31,000 people who were not CPC members and those without party affiliation took up government posts at and above the county level, the paper says.Among them, 18 served as deputy chiefs in the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and ministries, commissions, offices and bureaus directly under the State Council.Minister of Health Chen Zhu and Minister of Science and Technology Wan Gang - both educated in Europe - are the first non-CPC members appointed to the Cabinet since the 1970s.Apart from the CPC, there are eight parties in China: Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, China Democratic League, China National Democratic Construction Association, China Association for Promoting Democracy, Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party, China Zhi Gong Dang, Jiu San Society and Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League.Xinhua contributed to the story

SHANGHAI: A revised rule that forces shipping companies to shoulder the cost of cleaning up pollution from maritime accidents, such as oil spills, in China's waters, is likely to take effect next year, if not sooner, a senior official with China Maritime Safety Administration (MSA) said Wednesday.If the revised regulation is approved by the State Council, companies such as Sinopec, PetroChina and the China National Offshore Oil Corp (CNOOC) will be required to contribute to a special compensation and clean-up fund, Liu Gongcheng, executive director of China MSA, said.Liu told a press conference prior to the 2007 Shanghai International Maritime Forum, which kicked off Wednesday, the fund will boost the country's emergency response capabilities to maritime pollution disasters.The official declined to say how big the fund could be.The rules also include a scheme asking all ships using its seawaters to purchase insurance.Liu said the mechanism, already in the pipeline for two years, is one of China MSA's measures to handle possible oil spill pollution, as the ocean environment faces greater pressure with increased shipping traffic, including oil cargo ships to and from China's coast.Figures showed more than 90 percent of China's oil imports - 145 million tons last year - is transported by sea. Some 163,000 tankers of all sizes sailed into and out of China's ports last year, an average of 446 every day."The size of oil tankers is also getting bigger, up to 300,000 tons, which has added to the risk," Liu said. "If only 1 percent of the oil is spilled, we will be confronted with a catastrophe."Oil spills can wreak havoc on sea life, fishing and tourism. They cost millions of yuan to clean up and even more in compensation and damages, he said.The oil spill from the tanker Prestige, which sank off Spain in November 2002, leaked 77,000 tons of oil that caused several billion dollars worth of damage.In the past year, there have been several oil spills in domestic seawaters that involved 500 to 600 tons of oil, but didn't cause serious pollution due to emergency response, Liu said.Losses caused by ships using international waters can be covered by insurance in accordance with international conventions.However China urgently needs a mechanism to cover the costs many small- and medium-sized ship owners cannot afford."It is not fair to let the clean-up companies shoulder the cost, so the compensation fund can be especially useful in that situation," he said.The administration is continuing to invest in facilities and enhance China's emergency response capabilities.

BRUSSELS -- The European Commission is set to propose an end to the five-year anti-dumping duties on Chinese energy-saving lightbulbs, a spokesman said on Thursday. A group of trade experts at the European Union's executive body have been debating whether to drop the anti-dumping duties for several months as the trade defense measure against lightbulbs made in China was introduced for five years in 2001. Peter Power, a spokesman for EU Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson, said a majority of specialists support the end to the anti-dumping duties as the five-year period has expired. "The outcome of the discussions puts the commission in a position to proceed with a formal proposal to end the duties," he said. Some European bulb makers have been pressing had for a renewal of the duties for another five years, but the measure was criticized by environmentalists as unjustified in EU's fight against global warming. EU member states will give a final say to the issue, based on the commission's proposal. The 27-nation bloc has launched a review of its trade defense policy, notably anti-duping measures. As an increasing number of EU companies now invest in China, the EU wants to have a second thought on whether such measures would hurt its own interests.

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BEIJING -- Chinese President Hu Jintao on Friday called for the expansion and deepening of cooperation with Japan and boosting of bilateral relations to a new level."The two sides should maintain friendly exchange at various levels, expand and deepen pragmatic cooperation, settle well bilateral disputes through dialogue and equal consultation and continue to expand the mutual benefit between the two nations in an effort to boost bilateral relations to a new level", Hu said.China's President Hu Jintao (R) meets with Ichiro Ozawa, president of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), who headed a 450-member Japanese delegation of the "Great Wall" Program at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, December 7, 2007. [Xinhua]Hu made his remarks in his meeting with Ichiro Ozawa, president of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) at the Great Hall of the People in downtown Beijing.He highlighted the recent growth momentum of bilateral relations, saying that the development of bilateral relations yielding from the joint efforts from the two sides was of great value.Hu added that the next year is the 30th anniversary of the signing of the peace and friendship agreement between China and Japan, which is a highly important year for the development of the bilateral relations.Ozawa, who heads a 450-member Japanese delegation, said that Japanese people highly appreciate China's commitment to the Japan-China relations, expressing his hope to seize the opportunity to boost mutual understanding and trust between the two peoples.The booming of a strong relationship between Japan and China not only serves the two nations, but is also vital to the stability and prosperity of Asia and the world at large, Ozawa told Hu. Prior to his meeting with Hu, Ozawa also met Wang Jiarui, head of the International Department of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee.The delegation of DPJ and the 15th "Great Wall" programme comprises 47 Japanese DPJ Dietmen and representatives from various circles of Japanese society.Former Japanese Prime Minister Tsutomu Hata is also with the delegation.During their stay in Beijing, President Hu will meet with the delegation. DPJ Dietmen will also attend a meeting of a regular exchange mechanism between DPJ and CPC.Initiated in 1989, the "Great Wall" Program, a people-to-people exchange scheme, has been participated by more than 200 Japanese Dietmen and 2,000 Japanese people from various social circles through visits to China.

China's Premier Wen Jiabao said on Wednesday macro control measures should be further strengthened to prevent the fast-growing national economy from overheating. The monetary policies should be stable in general but "moderately tightened" to secure a stable and fast-growing economy, said Premier Wen at a meeting of the State Council. Wen said the country will continue to implement its current prudent fiscal and monetary policies. He called for fiscal policies to be more supportive of industrial restructuring. He said industrial production is growing at a rate that is faster than desired and the trade surplus is too big. China's trade surplus in May soared to US.45 billion, up 73 percent from the same month last year. Wen said the country would continue to adjust export rebates and tariffs on certain items while further improving policies to boost imports in a bid to address the climbing trade surplus. Sustained fast growth of investment, excessive liquidity in the capital market and rising inflation pressure also deserve more attention, said Wen. Wen said the government would control the supply of land and bank loans to high energy-consuming projects. He also said financial, fiscal and taxation measures should be employed to guide the flow of capital. He said there should be more channels for capital outflow and for the use of foreign exchange. Rising food prices have caused the consumer price index (CPI) to rise 3.4 percent in May, higher than the government's target of three percent. Wen pledged to stabilize food prices by ensuring the food supply and enhanced supervision over food quality.

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GUANGZHOU: Having a good job is pretty important to many women - that is unless they can find a wealthy husband to look after them.A recent survey of women in Guangdong Province revealed that almost half would rather prefer marry a rich man than get a good job.At 45.2 percent, the figure is 8.9 percent higher than the country's average.The survey showed many women are still very conservative in the province that borders Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, according to an official from Guangdong Provincial Women's Federation.The federation conducted the "Survey and Analysis on the Social Gender Concepts in Guangdong Province" early this year."A large percentage of local women still have the traditional idea of relying on their husbands after they have married," said the official who did not want to be named yesterday.Women who are less educated have a stronger desire to marry rich men and rely on their husbands, she added.Chen Wenqi, a local white collar worker, however, said she would refuse to rely on her future husband.Chen said she would never marry a rich man who she did not love at all."Men and women should be equal both at work and at home and wives should not rely much on their husbands if they have the ability to work," Chen told China Daily yesterday.The 27-year-old works for a local foreign-funded logistics company.The survey also revealed the number of rural women who said a rich husband was better than having a good job, was 11.7 percent more than their urban counterparts."The tendency of independence often goes against the economic and social status of the women," Wang Xiongjun, a sociology PhD student at Peking University, said."The more you can support yourself with a decent life, the less you are willing to depend on others, even your spouse."And 75.1 percent of the Cantonese women said they would continue to work even after they married rich husbands.The figure is also nearly 13 percent lower than the country's average.Most of the local women agreed that husbands should focus their efforts on work and social events while wives must spend much of their time on family and housework.More than 40 percent of women said being good looking was more beneficial to finding a good job, then having ability.On the sex issue, men are slightly more lenient than women when it comes to forgiving infidelity. About 47.5 percent of women said they would excuse their husbands for being unfaithful once, compared to 50.3 percent of men.

CAPE TOWN, South Africa - Central bank chiefs from the U.S., Europe and Japan warned Tuesday of the risks of the Chinese economy overheating, potentially adding to inflationary pressures in other countries. U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke and European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet also urged Beijing to let its currency rise in value, saying it would benefit both China and the global economy. "A quick pace toward greater flexibility would be in China's interest and create more flexibility for monetary policy to address the potential overheating of their economy," Bernanke said in a satellite linkup with a banking conference in Cape Town. "We could all be better off, China on the one hand and the global economy on the other hand," echoed Trichet. Critics argue that China is keeping its currency artificially low, contributing to its massive trade surplus with other countries and undermining competitors' prices. Both Bernanke and Trichet conceded that the cheapness of Chinese products flooding world markets had helped reduce global inflation, although said this was balanced by China's huge appetite for fuel and raw materials -- which has contributed to higher oil prices. Overall, China's impact on global inflation was "modest," Bernanke said. China is one of the world's fastest-growing economies, and its expansion has had a ripple effect on prosperity in other countries and offset more modest growth rates in North America, Europe and Japan. Trichet said the current boom was "absolutely exceptional in the global economy," but warned that this could not last indefinitely. "Complacency would be the worst possible advice for all of us," he said. Japan, where growth is a sluggish 2 percent, is keeping a watchful eye on the new Asian giant. "We need to be mindful of the risk of overheating and we can't rule out some risk of inflation in the Chinese economy," said Toshihiko Fukui, governor of Japan's central bank. China is witnessing a stock market boom, with millions of first-time investors jumping into the market, tapping savings and retirement accounts and mortgaging homes to buy stocks. Authorities are worried that the new money is fueling a bubble in prices. Chinese stocks rebounded Tuesday in volatile trading after their sharpest one-day drop in three months a day earlier as strong buying by institutions offset selling by retail investors. The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index fell 8.3 percent on Monday -- the benchmark's sharpest decline since an 8.8 percent drop Feb. 27 triggered a global market sell-off.