滕王阁序导学案附带原文和注释

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China will contribute about 10 billion yuan (.4 billion) to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project, construction of which will begin in France this year.The figure represents about 10 percent of the project's cost.About half of China's contribution will be spent during the 10-year construction phase of the multination undertaking, sources at the Oriental Science and Technology Forum, held in Shanghai last weekend, said."The goal of the project is to find a shortcut to solve our energy shortage," Luo Delong, deputy director of the ITER China Office, told the forum.He said Chinese researchers will be in charge of building components such as heating, diagnostic and remote maintenance equipment, as well as transporting it to Cadarache in the south of France, where the ITER reactor will be built.ITER, which means "the way" in Latin, is an 11-billion-euro (.5 billion) experiment to study the scientific and technical feasibility of the world's most advanced nuclear fusion reactor. The device is described as an "artificial sun" as it will create conditions similar to those occurring in solar nuclear fusion reactions.If successful, the project could generate infinite, safe and clean energy to replace fossil fuels such as oil and coal, and will be 30 times more powerful than the Joint European Torus (JET), the largest comparable experiment.The ITER project was first initiated by the United States and the then Soviet Union in the mid-1980s. Today, it involves the European Union (EU), the US, Japan, Russia, the Republic of Korea, China and India. China joined in February 2003.The ITER Agreement, signed in November 2006, came into effect last October and has an initial duration of 35 years, though it could be extended for an additional 10 years.Under the agreement, the EU will be responsible for half of the construction costs, while the other five parties excluding India, will contribute equally to cover the remaining expenses.Earlier reports said China would send 30 scientists to France during the construction phase. At the moment, more than a dozen scientists and managers are already working at Cadarache, and more will soon join them.Russia, France and Japan have all developed similar experimental fusion reactors.China became the first country to build a superconducting experimental Tokamak fusion device in September, after successfully completing a series of trials in Hefei, capital of Anhui Province. Despite this success, China still faces a shortage of talent in the field. Scientists and researchers have called for increased efforts to train more scientists to improve the nation's research capabilities.

WASHINGTON - The Bush administration is imposing further trade sanctions against China, South Korea and Indonesia in a dispute involving glossy paper. The decision, announced Wednesday by Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez, came a week after US and Chinese officials met for a second round of high-level talks aimed at lowering trade tensions between the two nations. "This administration continues to aggressively and transparently enforce our trade laws to ensure a level playing field for American manufacturers, workers and farmer," Gutierrez said in a statement announcing the decision. In the new ruling, the government determined that imports from the three countries of glossy paper - used in art books, textbooks and high-end magazines - were being sold in the United States at less than fair value, a process known as dumping. The dumping penalties will be collected immediately although they will not become final until this fall after further investigations are conducted. The preliminary dumping penalty for the paper products from China ranged from 23.19 percent to 99.65 percent. The dumping penalty imposed on imports of glossy paper from Indonesia was 10.85 percent while the penalty on South Korean imports ranged as high as 30.86 percent. These dumping penalties will be imposed on top of economic sanctions levied in March after the administration found that paper companies from those three countries were receiving improper government subsidies that allowed them to undercut the price of American producers. The March decision reversed 23 years of US trade policy by treating China, which is classified as a nonmarket economy, in the same way other US trading partners are treated in disputes involving government subsidies. The paper case was brought by NewPage Corp., a Dayton, Ohio-based paper company which contended that its coated paper was facing unfair competition because of the government subsidies and sale of imports at unfairly low prices. The government trade sanctions have received the support of the United Steel Workers union, which represents about 90 percent of the workforce in the US coated paper industry. The glossy paper is produced at 22 paper mills in 13 states. The penalties in the case involving government subsidies are known as countervailing duties. In that case, the trade sanctions ranged as high as 20.35 percent for Chinese glossy paper imports, 1.76 percent for South Korean imports and 21.24 percent for Indonesia. Chinese officials denounced the decision in the government subsidies case saying that it went against the consensus of both countries to resolve disputes through dialogue rather than imposing trade sanctions. The second round of the Strategic Economic Dialogue, which was launched by Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson in December, was held in Washington last week. Paulson and Chinese Vice Premier Wu Yi announced a series of modest agreements including the boosting of airline flights between the two nations. But they failed to make progress in one of the biggest rade irritants, the value of China's currency, which American manufacturers contended is being kept artificially low against the dollar to give Chinese companies unfair advantages against US firms.

The Ministry of Agriculture on Monday confirmed a bird flu outbreak in South China's Guangzhou, which began with the mass deaths of ducks on September 5.The outbreak was confirmed as a sub-type of H5N1 bird flu by the National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory, according to the ministry.It said 36,130 ducks had been culled as of September 17, after farmers in Sixian Village and Xinzao Township in the Panyu district of Guangzhou reported the deaths of their ducks on September 5.The agriculture ministry and the Guangdong provincial government immediately implemented an emergency plan to deal with the outbreak and the ministry said the outbreak has been brought under control.It also said no further deaths of fowl have been reported in the Panyu district or nearby areas.The last reported case of H5N1 bird flu in China occurred on May 19 at Shijiping Village in Yiyang City of Hunan Province, which killed more than 11,000 poultry with another 52,800 birds culled.China has reported a total of 25 human cases of bird flu since 2003, which have resulted in 16 deaths.

武汉医院处女膜修复手术费用

The Ministry of Agriculture on Monday confirmed a bird flu outbreak in South China's Guangzhou, which began with the mass deaths of ducks on September 5.The outbreak was confirmed as a sub-type of H5N1 bird flu by the National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory, according to the ministry.It said 36,130 ducks had been culled as of September 17, after farmers in Sixian Village and Xinzao Township in the Panyu district of Guangzhou reported the deaths of their ducks on September 5.The agriculture ministry and the Guangdong provincial government immediately implemented an emergency plan to deal with the outbreak and the ministry said the outbreak has been brought under control.It also said no further deaths of fowl have been reported in the Panyu district or nearby areas.The last reported case of H5N1 bird flu in China occurred on May 19 at Shijiping Village in Yiyang City of Hunan Province, which killed more than 11,000 poultry with another 52,800 birds culled.China has reported a total of 25 human cases of bird flu since 2003, which have resulted in 16 deaths.

BERLIN - German Chancellor Angela Merkel Tuesday called for "good and intensive relations" with China.German Chancellor Angela Merkel addresses a news conference in Berlin January 15, 2008. [Agencies] "The German side is perfectly ready" to continue the sound relations with China on both economic and political levels, Merkel told a news conference in Berlin, in response to a question raised by Xinhua.The two countries have to rely on each other when it comes to international cooperation, said Merkel, who plans to visit Beijing in October for the Asia Europe Meeting (ASEM).The Chancellor said China played a "constructive role" at the climate conference held on the Indonesian island of Bali in December which laid a groundwork for a successor to the Kyoto agreement on cutting greenhouse gas emissions.She also wished China every success in hosting the Beijing Olympic Games.

Conservation efforts appear to be helping China's endangered giant panda expand its habitat in parts of western China, the Xinhua news agency reported on Saturday. Panda cubs play at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding in Chengdu, southwest China's Sichuan province, May 24, 2007. [Reuters]The animal's droppings were recently discovered in areas beyond its known habitat in the bamboo forests of the 220,000 hectare (550,000 acre) Baishuijiang Nature Reserve, on the border of Gansu and Sichuan provinces. "This indicates an expansion of the giant panda's habitat -- and probably of its population too," Huang Huali, vice director of the Baishuijiang Nature Reserve Administration, was quoted as saying. The pandas have been helped by efforts to curb insect pests, which have restored the bamboo forests since 2002, Huang said. China's State Forestry Administration has estimated 1,590 pandas live in the wild, mostly in the mountains of Sichuan, although a study by Chinese and British scientists released last year calculated there could be as many as 3,000.

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BEIJING - China purchased at least 400 billion yuan (.6 billion) of goods and services in 2007, a new high compared to the 368.1 billion yuan recorded a year earlier, preliminary figures from the Ministry of Finance (MOF) revealed.Assistant Financial Minister Zhang Tong described the expansion as "outstanding" given the procurement stood at only 100 billion yuan in 2002, the first year the mechanism was introduced.The past five years have also witnessed an increasingly diversified government consumption that expanded from solely commodities in the beginning to services and engineering, he said. With 13,000 people engaged in purchasing nationwide, China has twice revised its procurement list to include 18 categories encompassing nearly 4,770 items.Energy-saving products accounted for a large percentage of the newly-added items. To lead by example, the government has pledged to reduce energy consumption for every 10,000 yuan of gross domestic product by 20 percent and pollutant emissions by 10 percent for the 2006-2010 period.This year, student textbooks for primary and junior high schools, medicine, farm machinery and other items to distribute to the needy free of charge or at inexpensive prices will be added to the list, Financial Minister Xie Xuren told a recent work meeting for 2008.Under a MOF directive promulgated last month, government procurement will favor independent innovation products starting this year, a practice, experts said, the United States adopted in the late 1950s to foster domestic high-tech industries, including aeronautic and astronautic technology, computing, semiconductors and integrated circuits.Qinghua University law professor Yu An said the move would provide good incentives for domestic firms to speed up technical innovation.MOF statistics revealed the procurement had spared an aggregate expenditure of at least 180 billion yuan between 2002 and 2007.The benefits, however, didn't drown out grumbles from the Heilongjiang provincial chapter of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, one of the country's eight political parties, beside the ruling Communist Party of China (CPC).At a meeting last month, the chapter held transparency in government procurement should be enhanced as some products were found to be overpriced, of unsatisfactory quality or without effective after-sales service.Tendering companies must be subject to real-time supervision to avoid bribery and kickbacks. Perpetrating firms must be blacklisted and banned from the procurement, while governmental departments must submit their accounting ledgers for regular auditing scrutiny, they said.

BEIJING - The crab trade across the Taiwan Strait has slowed in what should be its peak season due to picky quarantine standards put forward by the Taiwan authorities, said a Chinese mainland official here Wednesday."We hope the related non-governmental organizations from both sides will carry on negotiations so that Taiwan people can enjoy this delicacy at the right time," said Li Weiyi, spokesman of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council.Fresh crabs, especially those bred in East China's Jiangsu Province, have become a traditional and popular mid-autumn dish and have sold well in Taiwan.The two sides had reached an agreement on quarantine standards of crabs in July, but in August the Taiwan authorities submitted new standards requiring residues of all drugs to be undetectable, which was too picky and impractical, Li said.The mainland had exported quality and safe food, he said, adding that 99 percent of food exported to Japan and the European Union met their standards."We do expect the two sides to show sincerity and settle this problem for the benefit of consumers," he said. "We have noticed that a certain group in Taiwan is trying to discredit mainland foods. Such politically driven action will greatly harm normal trade across the Strait."In the first eight months of this year, the mainland has found 27 consignments of unqualified food imported from Taiwan. "We handled them according to regulations, but did not exaggerate the situation," Li said.He said the mainland would continue encouraging imports of produce from Taiwan.A 30-member purchasing group from the mainland visited Taiwan this month and signed an initial agreement to buy 2,000 tons of local fruits."We will support more farm produce importers and trade organizations in visiting Taiwan," Li said.Meanwhile, he urged the Taiwan authorities to speed up the talks on opening Taiwan to mainland tourists.Tourism organizations from the two sides had held six rounds of talks on technical issues."The two sides have developed common understanding, but a number of problems remained unresolved," Li said.After the fifth round of talks, the mainland put forward a set of practical solutions, but the Taiwan authorities had made no response for months, he said.

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A senior central bank official has rejected calls for a quicker increase in the flexibility of the renminbi exchange rate, saying the currency's role in rectifying global economic imbalances should not be exaggerated. Hu Xiaolian, deputy governor of the People's Bank of China, said more attention should instead be paid to growing protectionism to safeguard the health of the world economy, according to a central bank statement and Xinhua. She was speaking in Washington on Saturday at a conference during the semi-annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The meetings are a venue for key financial officials of the two institutions' member countries to discuss global economic issues. Officials and economists at the IMF, which has a mandate to safeguard the global economy and render advice to member countries, said that Beijing should pursue a more flexible exchange rate, for the sake of both the Chinese economy and a more balanced global economy. However, China did not seem to see the advice as being appropriate. "The fund... should respect its member countries' core interests and actual economic fundamentals," Hu was quoted as saying. "Biased advice would damage the fund's role in safeguarding global economic and financial stability." In July 2005, China abandoned the renminbi's decade-old peg to the US dollar and let the currency appreciate by 2.1 per cent. Since then, it has gained almost another 5 percent against the dollar. However, there has been a persistent international chorus, led by the United States, arguing that China has not been moving quick enough in letting its currency rise. US lawmakers have said that the country's trade deficit was partly caused by what they believed an undervalued Chinese currency. Chinese officials say the yuan's flexibility would gradually increase but argue that radical steps would generate shocks in the Chinese economy which could spread to the rest of the world. "The IMF... should attach significance to stability of domestic economies (of member countries) when observing their contribution to outside stability," Hu said. She said the IMF should strengthen surveillance over the soundness of economic policies of countries whose currencies are used as major instruments in other countries' foreign exchange reserves. She was clearly referring to the US, whose low savings rate, and fiscal and trade deficits are agreed to be a key cause for global economic imbalances. Hu also called attention to what is seen as a rising protectionist sentiment, which has been causing troubles for China's exporters. "We call on all countries to harness the opportunities created by globalization... and resolutely oppose protectionism," she said.

BEIJING -- American chip manufacturer Intel Corp. said here Monday that it had settled a copyright infringement dispute with China's Shenzhen Dongjin Communications Technologies Co. Ltd. after more than two years of legal battle. The two companies said in a joint statement that given their developing strategies and business operations, pursuing the lawsuit was not in the best commercial interests of each company. Intel Corp. sued Shenzhen Dongjin, a private Chinese company, in 2004 for alleged copyright infringements relating to its Inter Dialogic System Release 5.1.1 software (SR5.1.1) and demanded compensation of 7.9 million US dollars. In compensation terms it was the biggest IPR case to be heard at the Intermediate People's Court of Shenzhen, a boomtown in south China's Guangdong Province. At the request of the American multinational, the Shenzhen Intermediate People's Court seized and sealed all of the disputed products and relevant reference materials on January 20, 2005. In April 2005, Shenzhen Dongjin, through its subsidiary company in Beijing, countersued Intel for technology monopoly at the No. 1 Intermediate People's Court in Beijing. The two companies said the out-of-court settlement respected the Chinese law on IPR protection and the positive efforts made by Chinese courts. The details of the settlement were kept confidential. He Jiannan, general manager of Shenzhen Dongjin, said the settlement demonstrated the progress made by China in technology innovation, company management and IPR protection.