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The first ever white paper on political parties pledges multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Released Thursday by the Information Office of the State Council, the white paper, entitled "China's Political Party System", explains in detail the formation, characteristics and development of the system and its role in economic and social development.Multi-party cooperation is a political system that suits China's conditions, the paper says."China will not mechanically copy other countries' political party systems," the document says, adding that the history of modern and contemporary China has proven that blind emulation of the political or party systems of other countries will not succeed.Zhuang Congsheng, director of the research office of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee of the CPC, said multi-party cooperation is different from the two-party or multi-party systems in Western countries and the one-party system practised in some other countries. China has established a unique political party system and its own way to fulfill democracy, he said.In China, the ruling party and other parties share the same ideal and same objectives, said Zhuang.The white paper says multi-party cooperation has created a new form of political system in the world.Under this system, the CPC and other parties work closely together and supervise each other, instead of opposing each other, with the CPC ruling the country and the other parties participating in State affairs according to law.By the end of 2006, 31,000 people who were not CPC members and those without party affiliation took up government posts at and above the county level, the paper says.Among them, 18 served as deputy chiefs in the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and ministries, commissions, offices and bureaus directly under the State Council.Minister of Health Chen Zhu and Minister of Science and Technology Wan Gang - both educated in Europe - are the first non-CPC members appointed to the Cabinet since the 1970s.Apart from the CPC, there are eight parties in China: Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, China Democratic League, China National Democratic Construction Association, China Association for Promoting Democracy, Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party, China Zhi Gong Dang, Jiu San Society and Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League.Xinhua contributed to the story

Donald Tsang wins in HK Chief election(Xinhua/Reuters)Updated: 2007-03-25 14:27 Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsang and his wife Selina stand on a bus as they wave to thank local residents at a polling station after winning the election in Hong Kong March 25, 2007. [Reuters]Hong Kong Chief Executive Donald Tsang waves after winning the chief executive election, at the polling station in Hong Kong March 25, 2007. [Xinhua]

BEIJING - More than 50 people in the Chinese capital have been fined for spitting during the week-long May Day holidays, according to officials in charge of the city's image. Beijing's management department and civilization promotion office have jointly sent five inspection teams to patrol the downtown Wangfujing pedestrian street, Tian'anmen Square, commercial centers and railway stations to stop people from spitting, littering, random posting of advertisements and scrawling. By Sunday, 56 people were fined for spitting and refusing to correct the bad habit, according to the teams. The officials also handed out more than 10,000 bags to tourists, reminding them not to litter. The government is now anxious to correct the embarrassing habits of Chinese travelers ahead of next year's Olympics Games. And there is no better opportunity of doing it than the May Day travel spree, when an estimated 150 million Chinese will be on the road. The China National Tourism Administration has issued a circular, making travel agencies and tour guides responsible for correcting tourists' bad behavior during the holidays. Jumping the line, spitting, littering and clearing one's throat loudly in public are some of the frequently observed practices among Chinese travelers, according to a guideline prepared and released last year by the Spiritual Civilization Steering Committee (SCSC) of the Chinese Communist Party, the official etiquette watchdog. "We are supposed to remind people constantly throughout the tour, and also lead an etiquette discussion at the end of the tour," said Huang Xiaohui, a travel guide with a Beijing-based travel agency. "The Olympics are coming, and we don't want to get disgraced," Huang said, summing up the purpose succinctly.

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The government has earmarked 6 billion yuan (4 million) to pay for energy conservation projects to be launched before the end of this year, a senior official from the top economic planner said Monday."The special funds will support 10 major energy-saving projects, such as reducing the use of petroleum and developing petroleum substitutes and green lighting technology. It is hoped these developments will help the country use less energy," Xie Zhenhua, vice-minister of National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), said at the China Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Forum 2007."Incentives have been devised to encourage enterprises to save energy. Enterprises will receive financial aid according to the energy they can save while reducing emissions."Xie said the central government has also set aside an additional 2 billion yuan to compensate local governments and enterprises for eliminating excess production capacity in the latter half of this year.The government has set a target of reducing energy consumption per unit of GDP by 20 percent between 2006 and 2010, with annual cuts of 4 percent. However, the decrease was only 1.33 percent last year compared with 2005."If we cannot reverse this situation in a timely manner, it will be difficult to meet this year's energy-saving target, which could have an unfavorable effect on the energy-saving and emissions-reduction targets in the 11th Five-Year Plan," Xie said.To prevent this from happening, the government will accelerate the elimination of obsolete production capacity in 13 sectors.He also said the NDRC and the State Environmental Protection Administration will soon organize a conference on the recycling economy in Chongqing.The government will guide the price of power from small thermal power plants, and raise excise taxes on resource-consuming products such as refined oil, automobiles and solid wood floors.

Executives of China's major edible oil manufacturers and guild leaders were summoned to Beijing on Monday for a closed door meeting at which the government required them to step up production to rein in the soaring market prices.An official with the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) who asked not to be identified said it was understandable for the edible oil processing firms to raise prices as the continuous rise in the cost of raw materials had increased their production costs.However, the public had responded strongly to the price hikes of edible oils, coming as they did with rapid rises in the prices of other goods, the official said.Edible oil makers were told to "deepen their sense of social responsibility" and "bear the overall interests of the country in mind".Incomplete statistics from various regions show prices of domestic edible oils rose by 20 percent from November last year to June as the prices of peanuts and other oil-bearing products had risen.In eastern Shandong Province, first grade peanut oil has risen by 28.6 percent from 14,000 yuan per ton in April to a record 18,000 yuan per ton. While supermarkets marked down cooking oils to boost sales, people were reportedly standing in long queues. On Oct. 26 in Shanghai, 15 shoppers were injured after people swarmed in a local supermarket to snap up edible oils on sale only five minutes after the store opened.But the latest weekly market monitoring report by the Ministry of Commerce showed the prices of cooking oils fluctuated only slightly from Oct. 22 to 28, with the prices of peanut oil edging up 0.1 percent from a week earlier, while rapeseed oil was down 0.1 percent, and soybean and blended oils were basically the same.Wang Hanzhong, director of the Oil Crop Institution of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, attributed the price hikes to a shortfall of oil crop output as the acreage under oil crops had dwindled drastically. Major oil crop producer Hubei Province, for example, had found the acreage under rapeseed shrank from 18 million mu to 15 million mu last year. The situations in Sichuan, Anhui and Jiangsu were even worse.Soaring domestic demand that registered an annual average growth of 8.95 percent from 14.54 million tons in 2001 to 22.35 million tons in 2006, had aggravated the problem, turning China into the world's largest edible oil consumer. Domestic edible oil supply met just 40 percent of domestic demand.In a statement after the meeting, the NDRC spelled out five requests including the supply of more small-package oil to meet market demand.Oil processors were not allowed to disturb market order or stoke up fears for price hikes by hoarding raw materials, rigging raw material supply, cutting production or restricting supply.Price hikes must be kept within reasonable margins and be made when absolutely necessary, it said, adding that oil processors must enhance cost controls, improve management and absorb the costs from raw materials as much as possible.The NDRC also warned large cooking oil makers not to collude in setting prices or provide short measures or shoddy products.Under current price conditions, enterprises should transfer part of their interests to the people and cherish their public reputation, it said.Industrial associations were required to provide guidance to firms, make sure they abide by laws and regulations, admonish enterprises in cases of unfair competition, and keep market supervisors informed of the malpractice.If the price hikes exceeded the extra production costs, market supervisors would step in, it warned.Without identifying the participating cooking oil makers, the statement said that representatives from business communities had promised to maintain market order with their actions and contribute to the stabilization of market prices.China's consumer price index, a key measure of inflation, rose by 6.2 percent in September after hitting an 11-year high of 6.5 percent in August, while food prices jumped by 16.9 percent from January to September over the same period of last year, figures from the National Bureau of Statistics showed.The Ministry of Agriculture released 11 measures in late September, including rewards to major oil crop planting counties as well as total subsidies of 300 million yuan for soybean cultivation and assistance of one billion yuan for rapeseed cultivation.The import duty on soy beans was also cut from three percent to one percent. The State Grain Administration released 200,000 tons of state edible oil reserve to meet rising demand prior to the the National Day holiday that fell on October 1.

China's press and publication watchdog yesterday announced a campaign to shut down pornography websites nationwide.As of last week, about 348 domestic websites were found to be posting and distributing porn novels and pictures Song Jianxin, director of the Internet supervision sector under the National Office of Anti-porn and Illegal Publications, said.Eight websites including 517z.com, xs4.xggirl.com and book.maobob.com were ordered to permanently shut down for the "extremely negative impact" they caused by posting 40 online porn novels."The contents were full of exaggerated and explicit description of sex. It harms and misleads the young who are still growing and lack reasonable judgment," Song said.Li Baozhong, director of the market supervision department of the national press watchdog said distributing porn novels violated laws, publication regulations and Internet information service regulations.All blacklisted websites are being put under close watch by press regulators and public security authorities at all levels."The violators will be heavily fined and punished," Li said.The watchdog also revealed a recent crackdown on pirated publications.The market enforcement team in Central China's Hunan province smashed a gang producing pirated books.About 627,000 pirated books worth of 20.3 million yuan (.67 millon) were seized.It included teaching materials of New Concept English and reference books for student tests, whose copyrights belong to about 21 domestic publishing houses.Four were arrested and one official from the Hunan press watchdog, accused of taking bribes and helping to facilitate the illegal practice, was removed from his post."We're facing unprecedented complexity in fighting for intellectual property rights protection," Li said."IPR infringement is becoming more complex as violators turn to more sophisticated ways to carry out their trade."

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General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Hu Jintao and visiting Chinese Kuomintang (KMT) Honorary Chairman Lien Chan underscored peace and development across the Taiwan Straits in their meeting in Beijing Saturday. Hu Jintao (R), General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with Honorary Chairman of the Chinese Kuomintang (KMT) Lien Chan at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, in this April 16, 2006 file photo. [Xinhua]"Peace and development should be the theme of cross-Straits relations, and the common goal of the people both in the mainland and Taiwan," Hu said. Lien said peace was the basis for cross-Strait prosperity and development. Compatriots from both sides of the Straits should face up to the challenges and continue to pursue peace, so as to create economic prosperity on both sides of the Straits. The mainland is creating a miracle with a growth rate of about 10 percent for 27 years, he noted. "Peace and prosperity live together, for if there is no peace, there will be no prosperity, and only peace creates opportunities for us to pursue prosperity," he said. Lien arrived on Thursday leading a KMT delegation to attend a cross-Straits economic and trade forum, which closed on Saturday. Hu extended warm congratulations on the behalf of the CPC Central Committee for the success of the forum. "The two-day forum is an important activity for the two parties to continue exchanges and dialog," Hu said. The mainland announced at the forum a new package of beneficial policies to promote cross-Straits economic and trade relations, and the participants also passed joint proposals for closer economic and trade ties across the Straits. The 15 new favorable policies announced by the mainland pointed out a new direction for the future cross-Straits economic and trade development, Lien told Hu. Hu and Lien met for the first time in Beijing a year ago when Lien, then chairman of the Taiwan-based KMT party, had an "ice-breaking" journey to the mainland. It was also the first meeting between top leaders of the CPC and KMT in 60 years. Hu called for closer personnel, economic and cultural exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan to curb Taiwan secessionist activities and maintain peace across the Taiwan Strait.

KUNMING -- A gas blast in a private coal mine has killed at least seven miners and injured five in southwest China's Yunnan Province, sources with the local government said Saturday.The blast occurred around 6:00 a.m. Saturday in the Shunxing Coal Mine in Fuyuan Township of Qujing City, in eastern Yunnan. Twenty-seven miners were working underground, and fourteen people managed to escape.More than 400 rescuers struggled to pull out seven bodies and five miners alive. One miner remains missing.The injured workers are being treated in a local hospital.The coal mine, which was built in 1984 with a designed production capacity of 90,000 tons, had been ordered to suspend operation and go through renovation after county coal mine administration staffs inspected the mine on Friday, but coal mine managers secretly organized the miners to work in the night.Local officials are investigating into the cause of the accident.

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Rising sea levels and falling river water volumes - as forecast in the latest UN report on climate change - could drastically alter weather patterns and cause huge economic losses in China, a senior meteorological official warned Thursday.Luo Yong, deputy director of the Beijing Climate Center affiliated to the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), said there will be more typhoons, floods and land subsidence as a result of global warming.The report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released in Spain last Saturday said "human activities could lead to abrupt or irreversible climate changes and impacts".It said that even if factories were shut down and cars taken off roads, the average sea level will rise up to 140 cm over the next 1,000 years from the pre-industrial period of around 1850.In the next 100 years, it said, sea levels will rise by 18-51 cm.More frequent and heavy floods require China - which has an 18,000-km coastline on the mainland - "to build coastal facilities of higher standard," Luo told a press conference.As coastal regions are economically developed areas, the loss from typhoons and floods will be magnified, Luo said.He also warned that higher sea levels will lead to further land subsidence, which is already being seen in some coastal areas.Another major threat from global warming is water shortage, Luo said.In the past 50 years, the six major rivers in the country have seen their water volumes reduced sharply, especially those in the north, such as the Yellow and Huaihe rivers. Ground water storage has also dropped markedly, he added.The water shortage will take a toll on the farming sector, hurting grain production; and industrial and domestic consumption will be affected, he said.Luo said that China will possibly see more flooding in the north and drought in the south, the reverse of the current weather pattern.Song Dong, an official from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said next month's international talks on global warming in Bali, Indonesia, are expected to focus on greenhouse gas cuts by rich countries and the transfer of more clean technology to developing nations.

The central bank raised the reserve requirement ratio for banks by 0.5 percentage point yesterday to mop up excess liquidity resulting from a soaring trade surplus and increased money supply. After the increase, which will take effect on April 16, the ratio will be 10.5 percent for big bankers and 11 percent for smaller lenders. It is the third time this year the People's Bank of China has raised the ratio after similar rises in January and February. The bank reserve requirement refers to deposits banks are required to set aside as a reserve, which reduces their lending ability. "The move is directly aimed at mopping up excess liquidity," Zhao Xijun, finance professor at Renmin University of China, told China Daily, adding the ultimate objective is to maintain stable growth of the economy. In recent months, the trade surplus has expanded rapidly and money supply remained at a high. In the first two months, China's trade surplus amounted to .61 billion, a stunning jump of 230 percent over the same period last year. In February, M1, or cash in circulation and deposits, increased 21 percent year on year, a record high for the past 37 months, indicating increased liquidity pressure. Meanwhile, banks have accumulated 11.1 trillion yuan (.44 trillion) of idle funds that can be used for lending. In January and February, domestic banks extended new loans of 982 billion yuan (7 billion), about 260 billion (.6 billion) more than a year ago. As a result, urban fixed-asset investment has picked up to 23.4 percent year on year in the January-February period from about 20 percent in the fourth quarter of last year, reversing the trend of a slight slowdown since last July. On another front, the consumer price index rose to 2.7 percent, close to the warning line of 3 percent, in February. "The central bank has been closely monitoring the growth trends of the economy and is taking preemptive measures to keep it on the right track," said Zhao. Such a strategy is different from past years, when it seemed to have resorted to rather drastic measures to seek instant regulatory effect, said Zhao. The central bank raised interest rates three times in the past year; the most recent of which came into effect on March 18. Tang Min, chief economist with the Asian Development Bank in China, said yesterday that the adjustment in the reserve requirement ratio may be followed by another hike in the interest rate.