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BEIJING, Oct. 26 -- Delegations from more than 84 countries and regions will participate the ITD conference Monday, and a host of international experts from governments, the private sector and academia will make presentations and lead discussions on this important topic.     The ITD is a cooperative venture formed in 2002 and comprised of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the European Commission and the UK Department for International Development.     Its purpose is to foster dialogue on important topics in tax policy and administration and to function as a disseminator and repository of information on matters of interest in taxation around the world, through its website, www.itdweb.org.     The IMF attaches great importance to its role as a founding member of the ITD. Recent events in the world economy have made even clearer the necessity of international cooperation and sharing experience in economic matters, and this is the very purpose, which the ITD serves.     The topic of this conference is a timely and critical one. The world has been reminded recently and forcefully of the great importance of the financial sector for macroeconomic stability, growth, and development goals. The sector plays a critical intermediating function - without it credit could not exist, capital could not be channeled to useful purposes and risks could not be managed.     The conference will take place against the background of the worst financial and economic crisis to strike the world in three generations, and, while taxation was not itself the cause of the crisis, elements of the tax system are relevant to its background and resolution.     Most tax systems embody incentives for corporations, financial institutions and in some cases individuals to use debt rather than equity finance.     This is likely to have contributed to the crisis by leading to higher levels of debt than would otherwise have existed - even though there were no obvious tax changes that would explain rapid increases in debt. Tax distortions may also have encouraged the development of complex and opaque financial instruments and structures, including through extensive use of low-tax jurisdictions - which in turn contributed to the difficulty of identifying true levels of risk.     The magnitude of the fiscal challenges facing the world economy is greater than at any other time since World War II.     Estimates done by IMF staff on the fiscal adjustment necessary to bring government debt-to-GDP ratios down to 60 percent by 2030 - over 20 years hence - show a gap in the cyclically adjusted primary balances of some 8 percentage points of GDP in advanced economies to be closed between 2010 and 2020.     This cannot all be accomplished by expenditure reduction. New, or increased, sources of revenue will need to be found, on average perhaps 3 percentage points of GDP. While improvements in compliance and administration could account for some of that gap, it will be necessary to adjust tax policies to a degree not hitherto seen on a wide scale.     Although the world economy remains weak with downside risks and much hardship remain, signs of improvement are thankfully now visible.     This is an opportune juncture, therefore, to begin the work of planning countries' exits from the deteriorated fiscal positions developed in response to the crisis, and to give thought to questions raised by the performance of the financial sector in triggering the crisis.     What role can better tax policies and administration play in preventing a recurrence of this costly episode in economic history?     The financial sector has been, and must continue to be, a critical link in the development of the world's economies. The sector has played a key role in accelerating the development of the emerging markets - many of which, prior to this most recent episode, had grown able to tap the world's financial resources at an increasing rate unparalleled in history.     And for the world's most vulnerable economies, continued financial deepening will be absolutely necessary to permit them to meet their development goals. The upcoming conference will consider the role of taxation in both the industrial and developing countries with respect to these goals.     The conference will address not only the role of the financial sector as a source of revenue itself, and its broader role in the development and growth of the world economy, but also its function in assisting in administration of the tax system-through information reporting, collection of tax payments, and withholding.     This latter role will become ever more important with growing international cooperation in fighting tax evasion and avoidance.     Finally, we must not lose sight of the main function of the tax system - to raise revenue in an economically efficient, non-distortionary, and administratively feasible manner.     Even fully recognizing the existence of both market failures and policy-induced vulnerabilities, including those that contributed to this crisis, it is important to avoid accidentally introducing distortions through the tax system that may prove worse than the evils they are intended to remedy.     "Neutrality" of taxation of the financial sector in this sense is a benchmark against which deviations from this objective may be measured and judged.     One must ask whether any proposed interventions are targeted at a recognized externality or existing distortion, and, if so, whether the proposed action is the most appropriate response. And the multilateral institutions, in particular, must look to the effects which the financial sector and its taxation may have not only on the world's highly developed economies-those with the greatest depth of financial intermediation-but at the effects, direct and indirect, on the world's developing nations.     International cooperation on these matters will be critical to making improvements that will benefit all of us. This week's important event, hosted by the Chinese government and organized by the ITD, is itself a model in this regard.

何以解忧(打一三国人名)

XI'AN, Nov. 16 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping has called for more efforts to carry forward the Yan'an Spirit and stay realistic and pragmatic to build the Party.     Yan'an, a city in northwestern Shaanxi Province, served as the CPC-led revolutionary base during the 1930s-40s before the Communist Party of China (CPC) took power in 1949.     To promote the Yan'an Spirit, the primary thing is to adhere to correct political direction, said Xi, also a member of the Standing Committee of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau, during a tour in Shaanxi from Nov. 13 to 16. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (2nd R) talks with family members of local farmer Fan Mingliang (2nd L) in Ansai County, during his visit in northwest China's Shaanxi Province, Nov. 14, 2009"We must also keep in mind the tenet of serving the people wholeheartedly and adhere to the spirit of ideological emancipation, seeking truth from facts and keeping pace with the times..." Xi said.     During his trip, Xi visited a number of villages, factories, schools and research institutions. He also visited some areas which were badly hit by the catastrophic May 12 earthquake last year.     Accompanying Xi during his tour was Li Yuanchao, member of the CPC Central Committee Political Bureau and the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, and head of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee.

BEIJING, Oct. 29 (Xinhua) -- Equality has become a catchphrase when Chinese lawmakers mull over two major moves in the history of China's legislative progress.     Chinese rural and urban people are about to get equal representation in lawmaking bodies. It means farmers will have the same say in the country's decision-making process as urbanites.     At the five-day legislative session beginning Tuesday, members of national legislature discussed to give rural and urban people equal representation in people's congresses.     A draft amendment to the Electoral Law was tabled at the bimonthly meeting of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee. It requires that both rural and urban areas adopt the same ratio of deputies to the people's congresses.     The electoral system is the foot stone of democracy, and the principle of equality is a prerequisite to guarantee people's democratic rights.     The Electoral Law was enacted in 1953 and completely revised in1979. It then underwent four minor amendments.     Senior people are still nostalgic about the bean-counting way of electing their representatives in villages, which was the country's primitive mode of democracy after New China was founded in 1949.     Candidates who stood for election as deputies to a people's congress were elected if they received more than half of the beans.     Later voters began to use ballots.     After the last amendment in 1995, the law stipulates that each rural deputy represents a population four times that in urban areas.     That means in China, every 960,000 rural residents and every 240,000 urbanites are represented by one rural and urban NPC deputy respectively.     Critics say this can be interpreted as "farmers only enjoy a quarter of the suffrage of their urban counterparts."     During previous amendments in the 1980s, the difference was even as great as eight times.     But Li Shishi, director of the Commission for Legislative Affairs of the NPC Standing Committee, said such a provision is "in accordance with the country's political system and social conditions of that time" and is "completely necessary" as the rural population is much more than that of cities and an equal ratio of rural and urban representation will mean an excessive number of rural deputies.     Rural population made up almost 90 percent of the country's total in 1949. With the process of urbanization, the ratio of urban and rural residents was about 45.7 to 54.3 last year.     Li said that with rapid urbanization and rural economic development, the time is right for equal representation, which is conducive to "mobilizing people's enthusiasm and creativity" and the development of democracy.     Zhou Hanhua, a research fellow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said the draft amendment is inline with social change, and "from the legal perspective it shows that all rights are equal under the law."     Obviously, the change will be a significant political progress and it is in line with the constitutional spirit that "everyone in the nation is equal."     It also reflects the transition of the country's urban and rural society.     According to the law, the number of deputies to the NPC is limited within 3,000, and the distribution of NPC deputies is decided by the NPC Standing Committee, the top legislature.     The draft amendment says the quotas of NPC deputies are distributed to 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions on the basis of their population, which ensures equal representation among regions and ethnic groups.     Another big issue that lawmakers deliberate at the session this week is to grant "equal compensation" to the victims of traffic, mining and industrial accidents as well as medical negligence, among others, regardless of the victims' identity, status, income and regional disparity.     The proposal is specified in the draft on tort liability, which is deliberated by members of the NPC Standing Committee for the third time.     Farmer victims normally get much less compensation than their urban counterparts. And there are often disputes from "different prices paid to different lives."     At the session, lawmakers consider to set the same compensation for all victims of an accident that results in many deaths.     It will be a significant step if the draft law on tort liability is adopted by the legislature, as it ensures equal rights for each Chinese and shows respect for every human life.

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GENEVA, Nov. 30 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Commerce Minister Chen Deming on Monday called on the Seventh WTO Ministerial Conference to send a positive signal to the world to help stabilize and improve the crisis-hit global economy.     "Today at this gathering we should send a positive signal to the rest of the world, a signal to 'open up, advance and reform,'" Chen said at the opening plenary of the three-day conference, which was participated by trade and agriculture ministers from most of the 153 WTO members.     "Now the global economy has shown signs of stabilizing and improving, but the foundation for the turnaround is not solid. The road to complete recovery remains long and winding," Chen said.     He stressed the importance of trade opening and resisting protectionist pressures for world recovery. "We should not close our doors for fear of risks or challenges."     "As long as WTO members can form consensus to stand by their WTO commitments, not adopt protectionist measures and remain open, we will be able to gather enormous strength to tide over the crisis," he said.     The minister also stressed the need to advance the long-running Doha Round global trade negotiations as a way to reform and enhance the multilateral trade system.     Eight years after its launch with a primary goal to help poor countries prosper through trade opening, the complex Doha Round is still not in its endgame because WTO members cannot narrow gaps on such key issues as agricultural tariffs, subsidies and industrial market access.     After several missed deadlines, WTO members have set a latest deadline for concluding the Round in 2010.     Chen stressed that progress made in the past eight years, as reflected in the agriculture and NAMA (non-agricultural market access) texts as of December 2008, "is hard won, and cannot be overturned for any excuse."     He also called for respecting the Doha Round's development mandate and keeping multilateral negotiations as the major channel." Then it is hopeful that the talks can be successfully concluded in 2010."     According to the Chinese minister, the WTO, as the only institutional arrangement governing global trade, needs necessary reform to improve its rules and functions, broaden its influence over other important international coordinating mechanisms, and assume a greater responsibility and role in governing global economy.     The organization should reform toward the direction of promoting sustainable development, Chen said.     It also needs to step up efforts in Aid for Trade and trade finance, while advancing trade liberalization. As a result, developing countries, especially LDCs (Least Developed Countries),can gain real benefits from globalization, he added.

BEIJING, Dec. 16 -- Premier Wen Jiabao will leave for Copenhagen this afternoon, hoping to help seal a fair and effective climate change deal for the planet and secure China's emission rights.     Wen will join world leaders, including US President Barack Obama, at the United Nations climate change conference in Oslo for its crucial last two days. Foreign Ministry spokesperson Jiang Yu Tuesday said he is likely to meet state leaders from India, Brazil and South Africa, among others.     "China, as a developing country, will make its due contribution to the UN conference," said Jiang.     It is not yet known whether Wen and Obama will meet on the fringes of the conference but he has worked the phones relentlessly in the past 10 days, calling as many as 10 world leaders and UN chief Ban Ki-moon in an attempt to secure a workable agreement.     Chinese officials have also had important meetings in recent days with negotiators from many countries, including representatives from the United Kingdom and Germany.     But during the past 10 days, China and the US have not held any official meetings at any level in respect to climate change.     If Wen and Obama do get the chance to meet, they will likely have lots to talk about - the US recently urged China to accept a binding carbon reduction target and said it will not provide financial support to Beijing for climate initiatives.     China, meanwhile, called on the US to set a more ambitious target for emissions reduction after Washington promised to cut them by around 4 percent by 2020 from the 1990 base. Developing countries had urged the US and wealthy countries to slash emissions by 40 percent.     Experts have called on the US and China to narrow their differences in a bid to ensure the conference is a success.     Experts played down the likelihood of the world achieving an ambitious global treaty in Copenhagen but said Wen will defend China's status as a developing country and protect its right to economic expansion in the future.     Jiang said the summit has seen both conflicts and achievements.     She said the main stumbling block to real progress has been the reluctance of developed nations to hand over funding and technical support to developing nations that they promised in earlier agreements.     "If they abandon the principles of the Bali Road Map and the Kyoto Protocol, it will have a negative impact and hamper the conference," Jiang said.     She added that China supports the contention that some smaller developing island countries and African countries are in the most urgent need of funding support and should get help first.     But the spokesperson stressed that developed countries have a legal obligation to help all developing countries.     Huang Shengchu, president of the China Coal Information Institute, said the fact that Wen will be in Copenhagen shows the determination of the Chinese government to secure a good deal.     Zhang Haibin, an environmental politics professor at Peking University, said the presence of leaders such as Wen will inject hope that a deal can be found.     "It demonstrates the leaders' will to take up the responsibility to rescue the whole of human kind," said Zhang. "However, because of the nature of world politics, the chances of reaching an effective and ambitious agreement, in the end, are slim."     John Sayer, director of Oxfam Hong Kong, said many developing countries, including China, India, Brazil and South Africa, have voluntarily offered to cut emissions. China recently said it will reduce its carbon intensity by between 40 and 45 percent by 2020 from the 2005 base level.     However, as Zhang pointed out, some US experts, instead of welcoming such offers, have called on China to let international organizations verify that emissions are indeed falling.     Daniel Dudek, chief economist with the US Environmental Defense Fund, said the world seems to be unsure about whether China is serious about cutting emissions and achieving a good post-Kyoto deal.     "I think that people want to be reassured that China wants to achieve an agreement at Copenhagen and that China values moving forward on climate change more than winning its negotiating positions," he said.

BEIJING, Jan. 4 (Xinhua) -- Chinese central authorities have stressed the promotion of honesty and uprightness among the public, especially government officials, in enhancing clean governance and anti-corruption drive.     It is imperative to foster and carry forward the merit of honesty and uprightness, and officials should have the awareness of using power justly and pursue clean-fingered work style, according to suggestions on clean governance put forward by six central government departments.     The six departments also urged to strengthen education on the public about the value of honesty and cleanness combining social morality, professional ethics, family virtues and personal moral character.     It is stressed that anti-corruption should be a subject that is reflected in literature works, films and TV dramas, as well as newspapers and magazines, books, and electronic products.     The suggestions were jointly issued by the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Ministry of Supervision, Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee, the Ministry of Culture, State Administration of Radio, Film and Television and the General Administration of Press and Publication.

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WELLINGTON, Nov. 2 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang and New Zealand Prime Minister John Key agreed during a meeting Monday to actively explore new ways to advance cooperation between the two countries. Li said during the meeting that in recent years, China and New Zealand have expanded cooperation in many areas such as politics, economy and culture.     He said they also have kept good communications and coordination on major global and regional issues. The smooth implementation of the China-New Zealand free trade agreement has helped bilateral trade surge, Li said. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (R) shakes hands with New Zealand Prime Minister John Key in Wellington, New Zealand, Nov. 2. 2009.    New Zealand was the first developed nation to wrap up WTO entrance talks with China, the first developed country to recognize China as a market economy, and the first developed nation to sign a free trade agreement with China.     The development of China-New Zealand comprehensive cooperative relations suits the fundamental and long-term interests of both countries and is conducive to peace, stability and prosperity in the Asia Pacific region, Li said.     He said respecting and caring for each other's core interests and major concerns are key to a stable development of bilateral ties.     Li said China is willing to work with New Zealand to actively explore mutually beneficial cooperation in sustainable development and cultural exchanges and to enhance coordination in multilateral organizations and on major international and regional issues in a bid to bring bilateral ties to a new level.     Key said New Zealand values its comprehensive cooperative relationship with China. He said the smooth implementation of the bilateral free trade agreement has benefited New Zealand a lot.     The prime minister said he looked forward to visiting China and attending the Shanghai Expo next year. New Zealand has spent five times as much on the Shanghai Expo as on the last Aichi Expo, an evidence of New Zealand's high regard and expectations for relations with China, he said.     The New Zealand government respects China's positions on issues concerning its core interests such as Taiwan, Tibet and Xinjiang, and sticks to the one-China policy, Key said.     Li arrived in New Zealand on Sunday after concluding an official visit to Australia. His three-nation tour will also take him to Papua New Guinea.

BEIJING, Dec. 8 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao Tuesday spoke highly of the strategic security talks with Russia that helped to promote bilateral ties, pledging to further the bilateral strategic partnership of cooperation in the coming year.     The security talks, initiated in February 2005, served as a platform for the two states to enhance political trust and cooperation in various fields, especially in law-enforcement and security aspects. Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) meets with Russian Security Council Secretary Nikolai Patrushev in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 8, 2009Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo and Russian Security Council Secretary Nikolai Patrushev attended the fourth round of talks in Beijing early Tuesday.     They discussed bilateral ties, saying it witnessed a balanced, smooth and quality development this year, which marks the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and Russia.     They applauded the frequent high-level visits, improved strategic coordination, enhanced strategic mutual trust, and the expanding economic and humanitarian cooperation. China and Russia hold the fourth round of strategic security consultations in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 8, 2009. "The two sides believed that the strategic coordination between China and Russia played an important role in safeguarding the two states' strategic security interest, development, and the world peace and stability," the Chinese Foreign Ministry said in a press release.     The two sides pledged to further strengthen coordination in their strive to promote the reform on global governance mechanism, maintain close cooperation on major international and regional issues, enhance regional cooperation and preserve their common interest. Chinese State Councilor Dai Bingguo (R Front) shakes hands with Russian Security Council Secretary Nikolai Patrushev after they signed the China-Russia strategic security consultations mechanism cooperation protocol following the fourth round of strategic security consultations in Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 8, 2009. They also discussed the nuclear issue on the Korean Peninsula, Iran's nuclear program, the Group of 20, the reform of the United Nations, climate change, nuclear disarmament, the BRIC and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Chinese diplomatic sources said.     "The world is experiencing dramatic change and adjustment, which will offer new opportunities and challenges for the development of both China and Russia," Hu said during a 40-min meeting with Patrushev in the Great Hall of the People in central Beijing.     It will also raise new task and requirements for the development of the China-Russia strategic partnership of cooperation, Hu told the senior Russian security official.     China will work along with Russia, take the opportunities and enhance the all-round strategic coordination and substantial cooperation in various fields in a bid to lift bilateral ties into a new phase, Hu noted.     Hu proposed the two sides to tap the full potential of the strategic security talks so as to make further contribution to the development of bilateral ties.     Patrushev echoed Hu's remarks on world situation, adding that it is of great significance for Russia and China to speed up strategic coordination under the context of the global financial crisis.     The frequent exchange of high-level visits and cooperation in various fields fueled the development of bilateral ties, he said, vowing to further enhance cooperation with China in a bid to bolster bilateral ties.

优化排名

COPENHAGEN, Dec. 14 (Xinhua) -- In order to deal with climate change, efforts should be made simultaneously in fields of politics, economy, society, culture and ecology, a senior Chinese official told Xinhua.     Only through this comprehensive approach can lead to the forming of a systematic framework against climate change and push forward the harmonious and sustainable development between human and nature," said Zhao Baige, vice minister of China's National Population and Family Planning Commission.     With the efforts of all countries in recent years, great progress has been made in fighting climate change. But obvious shortcomings existed, Zhao said.     In the past, much attention was paid to carbon dioxide emissions, but little was given to their correlation with population development, she said. In addition, the roles of politics, culture and society have often been neglected, she added.     Zhao said it is a complicated and huge systematic project to deal with climate change, involving different sectors.     With regard to politics, she said all governments must attach great importance to climate change and honor their commitments. A body should be established to coordinate departments involved, while a long-term plan and a legal framework for climate change should be established.     On economy, Zhao said, "it is impossible to deal with climate change without economic support." She suggested developing countries follow a path of sustainable development when they push forward economic development.     At present, China is on its way of adjusting its industrial structure, setting carbon emission cut targets, strengthening technical innovation, raising energy efficiency and rapidly developing renewable energy.     In the social sector, Zhao said a comprehensive review over the impact of climate change is needed. The principle of equity and fairness should be introduced and a low-carbon consumption mode should be encouraged.     Zhao said a lot of efforts are needed in the sector of culture.     Thousands of years ago, Chinese started to believe that mankind should live in harmony with the nature, said Zhao, adding that China's traditional culture emphasizes the unity of personal rights and responsibilities.     However, she pointed out that in Western countries, personal rights are "over emphasized" while collective responsibilities are neglected.     In fact, China has formed a long-term low-carbon consumption behavior, while over consumption and luxury consumption widely exist in the West, said the Chinese official.     As for the sector of ecology, Zhao said climate change and ecology are interrelated. In recent years, China has adopted a series of measures including developing ecological agriculture, raising land utilization efficiency, saving water resources and reducing pollution.     Zhao stressed the importance of the interrelationship between the five above-mentioned fields, saying that only with a clear political direction, correct strategy and policy measures, can a country put carbon reduction targets into practice and adopt a low-carbon path.

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