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WASHINGTON: A team of researchers found there is not much difference between the sexes when it comes to talking, when you actually count the words. The researchers placed microphones on 396 college students in the United States and Mexico for periods ranging from two to 10 days, sampled their conversations and calculated how many words they used in the course of a day. The score: Women, 16,215; Men, 15,669. The difference: 546 words: "Not statistically significant," say the researchers in Friday's edition of the journal Science. "What's a 500-word difference, compared with the 45,000-word difference between the most and the least talkative persons" in the study, Matthias R. Mehl, an assistant psychology professor at the University of Arizona, who led the research, said. He said the least talkative person in the study - a male - used just over 500 words a day, while another male topped that by more than 45,000. Co-author James W. Pennebaker, chairman of the psychology department at the University of Texas, said the researchers collected the recordings as part of a larger project to understand how people are affected when they talk about emotional experiences. They were surprised when a magazine article asserted that women use an average of 20,000 words per day compared with 7,000 for men. If there had been that big a difference, he thought, they should have noticed it. "Although many people believe the stereotypes of females as talkative and males as reticent, there is no large-scale study that systematically has recorded the natural conversations of large groups of people for extended periods of time," Pennebaker said. Indeed, Mehl said, one study they found, done in workplaces, showed men talking more. Still, the idea that women use nearly three times as many words a day as men has taken on the status of an "urban legend", he said. Agencies

Land authorities in six Chinese cities including Beijing have illegally charged 1.1 billion yuan (US6.7 million) on enterprises so far this year, adding fuel to the nation's soaring housing prices. This was discovered by the National Development and Reform Commission, China's top planning body, during examinations of charges on businesses in Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Jinan, Guangzhou, Chengdu and Xi'an, the Beijing News said Saturday. The amount was well beyond the total illegal charges collected by eight departments for the whole year of 2006, said Li Lei, head of NDRC's Price Supervision Department. Quoting estimates by the land authorities, which say land costs account for 20 percent to 50 percent of the housing prices, Li said the behavior of these authorities has made the runaway housing prices worse. Despite by rounds after rounds of government curbs including restrictions on housing ownership by foreigners, housing prices have rocketed in China over the last few years, to the agony of ordinary people. Land authorities are not alone in overcharging enterprises. The commission found in May that urban construction departments have overcharged 216 million yuan (US.8 million) from construction firms. "The illegal charges have added fuel to the rising house price, " Li said. The housing prices in 70 large- and medium-sized cities in China went up by 7.1 percent in June over the same period last year, according to official statistics.

NANJING -- Sixty-two years after Japan's surrender in the Second World War on Wednesday, Chinese and Japanese marked the event together with calls for world peace.In Nanjing, capital of east China's Jiangsu Province where the notorious Nanjing Massacre occurred, a 48-strong delegation of the Japanese left-wing group Mei Shin Kai commemorated the day.A Japanese woman prays in front of a monument for war victims during a gathering in memory of the end of the World War II, in Nanjing, East China's Jiangsu Province August 15, 2007. [newsphoto]"We pledge today to continue working for world peace and telling people the true history," said Matsuoka Tamaki, a primary school teacher from Osaka and head of the delegation.Tamaki started visiting veterans of the war in 1998 in the hope of discovering the truth about Japan's controversial history. Based on the accounts of six veterans, she identified a site in Nanjing, where more than 1,000 Chinese were killed during the massacre.According to her findings, the victims were led to Taipingmen in east Nanjing on Dec, 13 1937, and bayoneted, shot or forced to step on land mines.To make sure everyone was dead, the Japanese soldiers made a thorough search the next day and bayoneted those who still breathing, Tamaki said."This is a new finding," said Zhu Chengshan, curator of the Memorial Hall of the Victims in the Nanjing Massacre, noting that more than 20 sites, most by the Yangtze River, have been recognized as massacre sites.Zhu said he would erect a memorial monument at the Taipingmen site.Invading Japanese troops occupied Nanjing on December 13, 1937, and launched a six-week massacre. Chinese records show more than 300,000 people, not only disarmed soldiers but also civilians, were killed.Japanese college student Hitomi Fukugawa, 21, visiting China for the first time, said she was astonished at survivors' stories. "In Japan I learnt little about the invasion, but now I feel I have more to learn," she said.In northeast China's Heilongjiang Province, Wednesday was the first Peace Day in Qiqihar, site of the first battle against Japanese troops after they launched their invasion on September 18, 1931.Performances were held to mark the day the war ended, and more than 3,000 pupils drew symbols of peace on an 815-meter-long banner."We should remember the tribulations of war on this day and cherish peace," said businessman Wang Xinghai, 35, at the memorial wall on the Peace Square.In Shenyang, capital of Liaoning, elderly people gathered to recall the war."I saw a Japanese soldier kill a six-year-old kid with his bayonet and slay a newly-wed couple," said 87-year-old Sun Shizhen in sorrow.Veteran Shan Lizhi, 96, said, "All our sacrifices were made for peace and prosperity.""Remembering history doesn't mean harboring hatred," said Wang Jianxue, head of the Warfare Research Institute of "9.18". "Our country was weak at that time, and we should tell our young people to work hard for China's rejuvenation."In Beijing, a set of surgical tools and the wooden trunk used by Canadian surgeon Norman Bethune were donated to the Chinese Museum of Anti-Japanese War on Wednesday.Bethune came to China in 1938 and set up a front-line mobile hospital where he operated on wounded soldiers. He is credited with saving thousands of lives.In Chengdu, capital of Sichuan Province, more than 200 people laid flowers at the monument for dead Sichuan soldiers, a bronze statue of a soldier in a bamboo hat, carrying a grenade and holding a gun facing east.During the eight-year war, about three million Sichuan soldiers fought and more than 600,000 died.Holding a bouquet of white chrysanthemums, a man in his 70s who declined to be named said, "We should never forget those who died for the liberation of our country and value peace for them."

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China has been in the media spotlight for food safety recently, but it has gone all out to ensure that its food products are safe and to restore consumer confidence home and abroad.Its efforts seem to have accelerated with the publication of the first White Paper on food safety on August 17 and the naming of Vice-Premier Wu Yi as head of a high-profile panel on product quality and safety issues. That was followed by a series of efforts by government organs to tighten food safety measures.On August 31, the country's quality watchdog officially introduced the landmark recall system for unsafe food products and toys, making producers responsible for preventing and eliminating unsafe items.Food safety became a big concern in China after a series of food contamination cases were reported from across the country. Last November, the country's food safety watchdog found seven companies supplying red-yolk eggs that contained the dangerous Sudan Red dye, which is used in the leather and fabric industries but is banned from use in food products.The same month, three people were arrested in Shanghai for adding 3-4 grams of banned steroids to each ton of pig feed to increase the proportion of lean meat. The steroids, which prevent pigs from accumulating fat, can be harmful to humans. More than 300 people fell ill after eating meat from pigs that had been fed the steroids.Also last year, carcinogenic residues were found in turbots sold in Beijing and Shanghai markets. Even international fast food giant KFC was accused of adding the carcinogenic Sudan 1 dye to its roast chicken wings.Ministry of Health figures show that in the first half of this year, China reported 134 food poisoning cases, in which 4,457 people fell ill and 96 died.Food is China's biggest industry with last year's output estimated to be 2.4 trillion yuan (5.8 billion), according to the China National Food Industry Association.Bitter stories made the rounds after people fell victim to food poisoning. In June 2006, more than 130 people contracted parasitic diseases after eating undercooked snails in a restaurant. One of them was Yang Fangfang. His family, including his parents, wife and 18-month daughter, fell ill.The Beijing Health Bureau said the infection was caused because the food was not cooked properly and because the restaurant had failed to remove eel-worms in the snails.Although Yang survived, he still complains of pain, sometimes severe, in his lower body and stomach. A gourmet before the incident, Yang now regards food as a potential threat to his life.In overseas markets, substandard exports from China since March - from pet food, drugs, toothpastes and toys to aquatic products and tires - has sparked concern over "made-in-China" products. Diethylene glycol contaminated medicine exported from China was been blamed for dozens of deaths in Panama. Deaths of some dogs and cats in North America were attributed to tainted Chinese wheat gluten.Jing Luyan, 24, who works for a Beijing-based travel agency, says she trusts the government and the media for information on food safety issues."If they say I shouldn't eat something, then I stop immediately, it's as simple as that," Jing says. Many of her colleagues and friends do the same.Pressure from home and abroad prompted the Chinese government to acknowledge that the country's food and drug safety situation was not satisfactory and that enhanced supervision was needed. At a press conference in July, China's food and drug watchdog spokeswoman Yan Jiangying said: "As a developing country, China's food and drug supervision work began late and its foundations are weak. Therefore, the food and drug safety situation is not something we can be optimistic about".The press conference was held jointly by five major ministries in charge of food safety: the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Health, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the State Food and Drug Administration.It was a rare attempt by the government to seriously address the issue, and it enumerated a series of measures to be taken. But it failed to offer a convincing mechanism for coordinating work among the five ministries, leaving the murky regulation of food safety unresolved.There have been worries over China's food safety supervision because at least five ministries are in charge of food safety and coordination among them is no easy job.Vice-Minister of Health Wang Longde went on the record as saying that new laws were needed to strengthen food safety supervision and the duties of relevant government agencies had to be coordinated. The government has stepped up efforts since then to address the issue to restore confidence in Chinese food products sold at home and abroad.China's first-ever White Paper on food safety published recently sets forth a series of achievements along with planned measures to improve food quality - from setting up a national food recall system to increasing exchanges with quality officials from other countries.Wu Yi's panel, meant to address the country's problems in food safety and product quality, partly dispelled people's concerns over lax supervision of food safety owing to too many regulators. Analysts say the newly set up panel, headed by Wu Yi, will improve supervision.The government, on its part, has started a four-month nationwide campaign to improve food safety and product quality. Wu describes the campaign as a "special battle" to ensure public health and uphold the reputation of Chinese products. The campaign will target farm produce, processed food, the catering sector, drugs, pork, imported and exported goods and products closely linked to human safety and health.Luo Yunbo, dean of the food science and nutritional engineering school of China Agricultural University, says the White Paper offers authoritative information on food safety, and the latest moves reflect the government's determination to improve product quality.The paper says the percentage of food products that passed quality inspections had risen steadily in recent years, up from 77.9 last year to 85.1 percent this year. As for small food processors, believed to be a major food safety threat in China, the paper says the country will prompt small-scale producers to form larger entities to ensure better food safety.Almost 80 percent of China's food producers operate in small workshops employing fewer than 10 workers. By the end of June, the government had weeded out 5,631 unqualified small producers, forced 8,814 to stop production and asked 5,385 to improve their standard.The number of small food producers will be halved by 2010, the quality supervision administration said after the country published its first-ever five-year plan on food safety in May. Also, the government wants to weed out all uncertified producers by 2012.The government is seriously addressing overseas concerns over Chinese food products. It has shut down the factory that supplied the tainted medicine to Panama, and two firms that exported contaminated wheat and corn protein, which ended up in pet food in the United States, killing a number of dogs and cats in North America.The country's top quality watchdog has announced that all major food exports produced from September 1 have to carry labels showing they have passed inspection to help stop illegal exports and bolster consumer confidence in the quality and safety of Chinese food products.The White Paper says the acceptance rate of Chinese foodstuffs exported to the European Union (EU) was 99.8 percent in the first half of this year, followed exports to the US (99.1 percent).Japanese quarantine authorities found Chinese food exports had the highest acceptance rate, 99.42 percent, followed by the EU (99.38 percent) and then the US (98.69 percent).But food safety cannot be improved greatly overnight, and people seem to differ on what they can do as individuals to bring about lasting change.Take Jing Luyan, for instance, who is fond of tasting different types of food, especially traditional Beijing snacks. But traditional snacks are usually cooked in shabby restaurants in small alleys."I believe that the most delicious food can hardly ever be found in swanky establishments with irreproachable hygienic conditions," says Jing.She has never fallen ill after eating at street corner stalls, she says.

China's quality watchdog cracked 23,000 cases of fake and low-quality food from December 2006 to May 2007, involving 200 million yuan (26 million U.S. dollars). A total of 180 food manufacturers were shut down during the six months for making substandard food or using unedible materials for food production, said Han Yi, a senior official with the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, at a press conference on Tuesday. The administration launched the nationwide fight against illegal food production and processing in December last year, mainly targeting food makers in the countryside and food for everyday consumption, including baby milk powder, rice, wheat powder and meat products. In 2006, China's industrial and commercial authorities ferreted out 68,000 fake food cases and withdrew 15,500 tons of substandard food from the market, according to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. Forty-eight cases were handed over to judicial departments.

The highly anticipated Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway will begin construction next month, a Ministry of Railways official said.The ministry source, who did not want to be named, confirmed in a phone interview yesterday that preparations are now being made for a ceremony to commence construction of the system.Based on that timeframe, the railway will be completed by 2013. Trains running on the 1,318 km railway will then be able to travel at speeds of up to 350 kph and will cut travel time between the two cities from the current 10 hours to less than five.The project involves one of the largest amounts of investment on railways. Industry sources say it will cost more than 200 billion yuan ( billion), more than the 180 billion yuan needed for the Three Gorges Project.Officials say the project will also employ a set of locally developed high-speed railway technology for the first time.The country is said to have already mastered the technologies needed to lay high-speed rail tracks and trains.The first homegrown train able to reach 300 kph rolled off the production line over the weekend, marking China's entry into "an elite club that includes Japan, France and Germany to become the fourth country capable of making such trains", Wang Yongping, Ministry of Railways spokesman said.Officials added that the railway still relies on foreign companies, such as the Germany-based Siemens, to build its signal network and other systems.China has been upgrading the scale and speed of its railway network in the past decade, and the 11th Five Year Plan period (2006-10) is regarded as a critical period for building high-speed railways that can travel at speeds of 200 kph as part of an extensive transport network.At least eight express passenger railways were being constructed as of last year.Xinhua contributed to the story

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A special assistance center was set up in Beijing Prison recently where policewomen, who are also qualified counselors, provide help for special "clients", male prisoners who are serving long sentences, Beijing Youth News reported on July 5. A policewoman counselor chats online with an inmate at a counseling and education center in Beijing Prison. [ynet.com] The police use computers with Internet access and chat through web cameras with lifers to help ease their psychological problems especially with those who have difficulty communicating. A short message service is also available for them to contact their families. The newly-established center is composed of policewomen. Due to regulations in prisons, the policewomen are not allowed to communicate with prisoners face-to-face, according to Lu Yanyan, the director of the center for counseling and correctional education in the Beijing Bureau of Prison Administration. "The work of counseling used to be the responsibility of policemen," explains Lu. "But because they are also officials who enforce correctional education on the prisoners, those who have psychological problems are reluctant to open their hearts to share their troubles. That's why policewomen fill this need." Wearing civilian clothes, not uniforms, the five policewomen appear much closer to the people they counsel. Though not face-to-face, the prisoners encounter a friendly and kind smile and feel more relaxed to talk openly about their feelings and emotions. A prisoner who was sentenced to life imprisonment seldom talked as he was abandoned by his family. But when a counselor surnamed Ren started to make appointments with him, he "became happier than before," as Ren put it. The special short message service is free for lifers. They can send as many messages as they want, but every message is checked by the officers. The quantity of messages sent and received currently is about 1,500 a day. Another prisoner told the reporter, even though he was concerned about his child's education and could not solve the problem himself, he felt more comfortable after he poured out his troubles to the counselor. As the counseling and correctional education director explains, it is important to provide counseling for those with long sentences, Lu says crimes are always the result of psychological problems and the prisoners are also disturbed by depression and anxiety in confinement.

China is tightening its grip once more on foreign investors in Chinese real estate, banning them from borrowing offshore in the latest effort to tame property prices and cool the economy. The new rule, set out in a circular from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange , could squeeze foreign investors who take advantage of lower interest rates outside China. Some may find it especially difficult to fund projects as Beijing has told its banks to cut back on loans for the construction industry. The central bank ordered Chinese banks to stop lending for land purchases as far back as 2003. "The only alternative is to fund the entire equity," said Andrew McGinty, a partner at the law firm Lovells in Shanghai. "But that's not a very favoured method, because your internal return on investment goes down dramatically." Property funds operating in China tend to borrow to fund at least 50 percent of a project's value. The circular, which the currency regulator sent to its local branches in early July but has not yet published on its Web site, also increases red-tape for foreign property investors. Investors seeking to bring capital into China to set up a real estate company must now lodge documents with the Ministry of Commerce in Beijing -- not just with local branches of the ministry, according to the new circular with de facto effect from June 1. That process could take a month or more, said an official at the Ministry of Commerce, declining to be identified. "What we mean is very clear: First we are targeting foreign real estate firms that are illegally approved by local governments," a SAFE official said. McGinty said the new rule would reduce foreign investment in the real estate sector, but the real impact would depend on how it is enforced. UNCERTAIN IMPACT China has applied a raft of measures to rein in property investment, including interest rate rises and rules to discourage construction of luxury homes. Some steps have specifically targeted foreign investors, who account for less than 5 percent of total investment in the property sector. Foreign investors must now secure land purchases before setting up joint ventures or wholly owned foreign enterprises in China. However, funds such as those run by ING Real Estate, Morgan Stanley , Hong Kong's Sun Hung Kai Properties , Henderson Land Development and Singapore's CapitaLand Ltd. are pouring more money than ever into China to tap a middle class hunger for new homes and rising capital values. China's urban property inflation rose to 7.1 percent in June, compared with a year earlier, from 6.4 percent in May. McGinty said some foreign investors may eventually quit China for more interesting markets if an inability to employ leverage reduces their internal rate of return. However, others said they would stay on. "We are not too worried about it. Cooling measures won't stay forever," said Robert Lie, Asia chief executive for ING Real Estate, which has raised a 0 million fund to build housing in China. ING Real Estate borrows locally, partly to hedge its currency risk. Most other foreign investors in China do the same. Some foreign property firms that have been in China for many years have strong connections with local lenders -- Chinese banks as well as international banks incorporated in China. "There is still strong interest in China, although there will be some form of slowdown in the number of transactions," said Grey Hyland, head of investment at Jones Lang LaSalle in Shanghai. He said the new approval rules would further dampen the ability of foreigners to compete with local rivals. "It's still early to say how, because these rules are still very new and being tested," Hyland said. One consequence, he added, could be to drive foreign property investors inland to second- and third-tier cities that the authorities are eager to develop and where approval is therefore easier to obtain.

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Hong Kong is the destination of choice for most mainland travelers this Christmas, a survey has found.A child walks past a Christmas decoration at the Two IFC shopping mall in Hong Kong November 28, 2007. [Agencies]Forty-four percent of the 2,000 people polled, all of whom have an annual income of more than 60,000 yuan (,000), said they were planning to visit the region over the festive period.Other popular destinations included Shanghai (10 percent), Sanya in Hainan Province (9 percent), Lijiang in Yunnan Province, Bali in Indonesia, Phuket in Thailand and Harbin in Heilongjiang Province.Conducted by the online travel firm ctrip.com, the survey found people were most interested in places with a "strong holiday atmosphere", "good shopping environment" and "excellent hotels and beaches" when choosing a destination for their Christmas getaway.Tang Yibo, director of Ctrip.com's holiday department, said: "Embodying both Eastern and Western cultures, Hong Kong stands out because it has not only a vibrant Christmas atmosphere, but also offers lots of shopping and entertainment facilities, and big discounts at this time of year."The convenience of traveling between the mainland and Hong Kong is also an important factor, Tang said.Lin Nan, a teacher from Shanghai, who sets off on a three-day trip to Hong Kong this weekend, said: "The pre-Christmas discounts in Hong Kong are irresistible, even when you consider what you have to pay to fly there."Lin Kang, deputy general manager of the outbound tourism department of the China International Travel Service Head Office, said tour packages to Hong Kong are always bestsellers at Christmas.He said the reason was that Chinese do not have much time off work at Christmas and the New Year so they cannot travel too far."When it comes to the weeklong Spring Festival holiday, destinations like Europe will be more popular," he said.Packages for the Spring Festival are now available, he said, with some of them to Australia and New Zealand already sold out.Some travel experts have said the high volume of holiday bookings for this year's Spring Festival is due to the cancellation of the May Day holiday.But Lin disagreed, saying it is still too early to judge the impact of the changes to the national holiday schedule. Outbound tours during the Spring Festival holiday are always easy to sell, he said.The cost of tour packages during the spring holiday will, as usual, be at least 20 percent higher than at other times of the year, he said.Zhang Wei, director of the air ticket department of Ctrip.com, said the cost of air travel to Europe, Australia and North America over the Christmas and New Year holidays has also soared.He said the cheapest one-way ticket from Beijing to London is now 3,320 yuan, up from 2,200 yuan at the start of the year.Zhang said the price hikes are due to the high numbers of foreigners flying home for the festive season, and also the increased popularity of group trips offered as staff incentives by some Chinese firms.

VIENTIANE, March 28 (Xinhua) -- The trade and economic cooperation between China and Laos has made outstanding progress in recent years and it is endowed with promising future, Lao Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh told Xinhua here about the prospect of Sino-Lao relations.     "The Sino-Lao cooperation will be more efficient and pragmatic under the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) economic cooperation mechanism," said Bouasone. Lao Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh speaks during an exclusive interview with Xinhua prior to the upcoming Third GMS Summit on Friday, March 28, 2008.In an exclusive interview with Xinhua prior to the upcoming Third GMS Summit, where leaders of the six GMS countries -- Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam, will be meeting in Vientiane, Laos on 30-31 March 2008 to discuss the progress and chart future directions in GMS cooperation, Bouasone highly valued the compressive development of the bilateral relations between the two GMS member countries.     China and Laos have traditional friendship and enjoy healthy and steady development under the principles of long-term stability, good neighborliness, mutual trust and comprehensive cooperation, Bouasone said.     There have been frequent exchanges of high-profile visits especially since the entering of the 21st century. The two countries leaders sincerely exchanged views on lots of bilateral, regional and international issues and reached a wide range of consensus with the signing of a series of friendly cooperation agreements, he added.     In 2007, the volume of bilateral trade between Laos and C